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FIGURE 3. Terrapotamon longitarsus n in A new species of long-legged terrestrial Terrapotamon Ng, 1986 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from limestone formations in Satun, southern Thailand

FIGURE 3. Terrapotamon longitarsus n. sp. Overall habitus. A, male (35.0 × 29.5 mm) (ZRC 2016.0162a); B, paratype male (28.4 × 23.8 mm) (PSUZC 20150611-01.01); C, female (23.8 × 20.2 mm) (ZRC 2016.0162b).

FIGURE 2. Terrapotamon longitarsus n in A new species of long-legged terrestrial Terrapotamon Ng, 1986 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Potamidae) from limestone formations in Satun, southern Thailand

FIGURE 2. Terrapotamon longitarsus n. sp. Holotype male (47.4 × 38.6 mm) (ZRC 2016.0161). A, right third maxilliped; B, ventral view of cephalothorax showing posterior thoracic sternum and pleon (right margin of somite 3 damaged); C, right ambulatory legs; D, dorsal view of right cheliped; E, outer view of right chela.

FIGURE 4. Pherbellia limbata, immature stages. A–D in Biology and immature stages of Pherbellia limbata (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), a parasitoid of the terrestrial snail Granaria frumentum

FIGURE 4. Pherbellia limbata, immature stages. A–D, third-instar larva: A, last abdominal segment slightly upturned in dorsal view, showing mainly posterior spiracular disc with the peripheral lobes and spiracular plates; B, cuticular spines and sensillum on ventral lobe; C, spine rows on ventrolateral lobe; D, details of one spiracular plate. E, F, puparium: E, position inside the shell of Granaria frumentum partially dissected to show the curved puparium; F, posterior end. ant, anterior end; C sp, cuticular spines; DL, dorsal lobe; DLL, dorsolateral lobe; IP, interspiracular process; post, posterior end; Pr, protuberance; Ps o, posterior stigmatic opening; Sp, posterior stigmatic plate; St s, stigmatic scar; VL, ventral lobes; VLL, ventrolateral lobe; Ɨ, stout basiconical sensillum with a small peg. Photos A, C, E, F by Nerudová-Horsáková; B, D by J-C. Vala.

FIGURE 2. Pherbellia limbata, immature stages. A in Biology and immature stages of Pherbellia limbata (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), a parasitoid of the terrestrial snail Granaria frumentum

FIGURE 2. Pherbellia limbata, immature stages. A, egg in lateral view. B–E, third-instar larva. B, anterior end in lateroventral view. C, maxillary organ showing sensilla. D, antennal organ. E, lateral view near the mouth showing mainly labial sensilla, intermediate coeloconicum sensillum. Ant, anterior end; An S, anterior spiracle; AO, antennal organ; CL, cephalic lobe; K, knob-like sensillum; L se, labial sensillum; Md h, mandible hook; MO, maxillary organ; pc, isolated coeloconic sensillum; post, posterior end; VA, ventral arch; VLSB, ventro-midlateral spinule band; *, small coeloconicum sensillum; Ɨ, stout basiconical sensillum with a small peg. Photo A by Nerudová-Horsáková; photos B-E by J-C. Vala.

FIGURE 1. Pherbellia limbata. A in Biology and immature stages of Pherbellia limbata (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), a parasitoid of the terrestrial snail Granaria frumentum

FIGURE 1. Pherbellia limbata. A, adult female (from Hungary). B, Granaria frumentum, ventral view. C, idem, lateral view. Photo A provided by G. Keresztes from Hungary; Photos B and C provided by J-C. Vala.

FIGURE 3. Pherbellia limbata, immature stages. A in Biology and immature stages of Pherbellia limbata (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), a parasitoid of the terrestrial snail Granaria frumentum

FIGURE 3. Pherbellia limbata, immature stages. A, first-instar larva, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. B–C, second-instar larva: B, anterior spiracle; C, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. D–J, third-instar larva; D, anterior spiracle; E, cephalopharyngeal skeleton; F, epistomal sclerite and parastomal bars fused; G, mouthhook; H, ventral arch; I, ligulate sclerite; J, hypostomal sclerite. Bp, basal piece of mouthhook; a-b and c-d, distances to calculate the indentation index (ab/cd x 100); Db, dorsal bridge; DC, dorsal cornu; Dw, dorsal window; ES, epistomal sclerite; HS, hypostomal sclerite; LS, ligulate sclerite; MH, mouthhook; pa, papillum; PB, parastomal bar; PS, pharyngeal sclerite; VA, ventral arch; VC, ventral cornu; Vw, ventral window. Scales in millimeters. Drawings by J. Nerudová-Horsáková.

FIGURE 11. Coenobita rugosus. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 11. Coenobita rugosus. A (whole animal, dorsal view), B (whole animal, right lateral view), C (animal showing ocular acicles, dorsal view), N1 (sample no. in Table 2, 0.92 mm SL, 0 months old); D (animal showing ocular acicles, right lateral view), N6 (1.04 mm SL, 1 month old); E (whole animal, dorsal view), F (animal showing ocular acicles and shield, left lateral view), N8 (1.34 mm SL, 3 months old).

FIGURE 10. Coenobita purpureus. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 10. Coenobita purpureus. A (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and appendages, dorsal view), B (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and appendages, left lateral view), M10 (sample no. in Table 2, 1.82 mm SL, 3 months old); C (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and left appendages, dorsal view), M20 (2.29 mm SL, 6 months old); D (animal showing palm of the left cheliped, dorsal view), E (animal showing propodus and dactylus of the left third pereiopod, dorsal view), M37 (4.63 mm SL, 12 months old).

FIGURE 12. Coenobita rugosus. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 12. Coenobita rugosus. A (animal showing ocular acicles, shield, and some appendages, dorsal view), B (animal showing ocular peduncles, ocular acicles, and shield, right lateral view), C (animal showing ocular peduncles, ventral view), N10 (sample no. in Table 2, 1.78 mm SL, 4 months old); D (whole animal, dorsal view), N15 (1.57 mm SL, 5 months old); E (whole animal dorsal view), F (animal showing ocular peduncles, shield, and some appendages, left lateral view), N16 (1.91 mm SL, 6 months old); G (animal showing ocular peduncles, shield, and some appendages, left lateral view), N17 (1.70 mm SL, 6 months old); H (animal showing ocular peduncles, shield, and some appendages, left lateral view), N22 (2.07 mm SL, 8 months old); I (animal showing ocular peduncles, shield, and some appendages, left lateral view), N24 (1.81 mm SL, 8 months old).

FIGURE 7. Coenobita cavipes. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 7. Coenobita cavipes. A (whole animal, dorsal view), B (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and some appendages, right lateral view), C (animal showing ocular peduncles, ventral view), O2 (sample no. in Table 1, 1.03 mm SL, 0 months old); D (whole animal, dorsal view), E (whole animal, left lateral view), O5 (1.15 mm SL, 1 month old); F (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and some appendages, dorsal view), O7 (1.43 mm SL, 2 months old).

FIGURE 2 in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 2. Photos of adults of coenobitid crab species commonly found in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. A, B, Coenobita purpureus; C, D, Coenobita rugosus; E, F, Coenobita violascens.

FIGURE 5. Coenobita brevimanus. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 5. Coenobita brevimanus. A (whole animal, dorsal view), B (whole animal, left lateral view), ON2 (sample no. in Table 1, 0.87 mm SL, 0 months old); C (whole animal, dorsal view), D (animal showing shield and posterior carapace, left lateral view), ON5 (1.10 mm SL, 1 month old); E (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and some appendages, dorsal view), F (animal showing shield and posterior carapace, left lateral view), ON6 (1.40 mm SL, 1 month old).

FIGURE 6. Coenobita brevimanus. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 6. Coenobita brevimanus. A (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and some appendages, dorsal view), B (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and some appendages, left lateral view), C (animal showing left appendages, left lateral view), ON35 (sample no. in Table 1, 2.51 mm SL, 11 months old); D (live crab with a gastropod shell, dorsal view) (approximately 1.7 mm SL, 5 months old).

FIGURE 14. Coenobita violascens. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 14. Coenobita violascens. A (whole animal, dorsal view), B (whole animal, left lateral view), K11 (sample no. in Table 2, 1.53 mm SL, 4 months old); C (whole animal, dorsal view), D (whole animal, left lateral view), K15 (1.51 mm SL, 5 months old); E (animal showing ocular peduncles, ocular acicles, shield, posterior carapace and left appendages, dorsal view), F (whole animal, left lateral view), K30 (2.03 mm SL, 10 months old).

FIGURE 13. Coenobita violascens. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 13. Coenobita violascens. A (whole animal, dorsal view), B (animal showing ocular peduncles, shield, posterior carapace and some appendages, right lateral view), K3 (sample no. in Table 2, 1.06 mm SL, 0 months old); C (whole animal, dorsal view), D (animal showing ocular peduncles, shield, and posterior carapace, left lateral view), K6 (1.37 mm SL, 1 month old); E (animal showing ocular peduncles, ocular acicles, shield, posterior carapace and some appendages, dorsal view), F (whole animal, left lateral view), K9 (1.44 mm SL, 3 months old).

FIGURE 1 in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 1. Photos of adults of coenobitid crab species commonly found in the Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. A, B, Birgus latro; C, D, Coenobita brevimanus; E, F, Coenobita cavipes.

FIGURE 4. Birgus latro. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 4. Birgus latro. A (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and some appendages, dorsal view), B (animal showing shield, left lateral view), Y15 (sample no. in Table 1, 1.72 mm SL, 4 months old); C (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and left appendages, dorsal view), Y30 (2.21 mm SL, 9 months old); D (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and some appendages, dorsal view), Y33 (2.72 mm SL, 12 months old); E (live crab without a gastropod shell, dorsal view) (approximately 4.0 mm SL, 24 months old).

FIGURE 9. Coenobita purpureus. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 9. Coenobita purpureus. A (whole animal, dorsal view), B (whole animal, left lateral view), M2 (sample no. in Table 2, 1.09 mm SL, 0 months old), C (whole animal, dorsal view), D (whole animal, left lateral view), M6 (1.41 mm SL, 1 month old); E (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and appendages, dorsal view), F (whole animal, left lateral view), M7 (1.64 mm SL, 2 months old).

FIGURE 3. Birgus latro. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 3. Birgus latro. A (whole animal, dorsal view), B (animal showing shield and posterior carapace, left lateral view), Y1 (sample no. in Table 1, 0.96 mm SL, 0 months old); C (whole animal, dorsal view), D (animal showing shield, left lateral view), Y5 (1.14 mm SL, 1 month old); E (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and some appendages, dorsal view), F (animal showing shield, left lateral view), Y8 (1.59 mm SL, 2 months old); G (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and some appendages, dorsal view), Y12 (1.77 mm SL, 3 months old).

FIGURE 8. Coenobita cavipes. A in Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species

FIGURE 8. Coenobita cavipes. A (animal showing ocular acicles and shield, dorsal view), B (animal showing shield and posterior carapace, left lateral view), O7 (sample no. in Table 1, 1.43 mm SL, 2 months old); C (animal showing shield, posterior carapace, and some appendages, dorsal view), D (whole animal, left dorsal view); E (animal showing ocular peduncles, ventral view), O12 (1.42 mm SL, 3 months old); F (animal showing left appendages, dorsal view), G (whole animal, left lateral view), O31 (2.49 mm SL, 10 months old).