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12,871 results for “aging;”
FIG. 10 in Dog burials associated with Human burials in the West Indies during the early pre-Columbian Ceramic Age (500 BC-600 AD)
FIG. 10. – Dog burials from Seaview, Barbuda (picture S. Perdikaris, 2008).
FIG. 11 in Dog burials associated with Human burials in the West Indies during the early pre-Columbian Ceramic Age (500 BC-600 AD)
FIG. 11. — Laboratory excavation of Morel F202 dog burial (© S. Grouard 1997).
Text-fig. 4. The Ahlen mammoth in its new mount of 2016. GMM A5N.383 (photo: Oliver Kunze). in Everything Is A Question Of Time - Age Of Important Quaternary Palaeontological Finds From Westphalia
Text-fig. 4. The Ahlen mammoth in its new mount of 2016. GMM A5N.383 (photo: Oliver Kunze).
Text-fig. 5. Fragment of the musk-ox skull from Herne-Crange. GMM A5.53. Scale bar 5 cm. in Everything Is A Question Of Time - Age Of Important Quaternary Palaeontological Finds From Westphalia
Text-fig. 5. Fragment of the musk-ox skull from Herne-Crange. GMM A5.53. Scale bar 5 cm.
Text-fig. 3. Third definite molar of the Ahlen mammoth. GMM A5N.412. Scale bar 5 cm. in Everything Is A Question Of Time - Age Of Important Quaternary Palaeontological Finds From Westphalia
Text-fig. 3. Third definite molar of the Ahlen mammoth. GMM A5N.412. Scale bar 5 cm.
Fig. 1 in Age, growth, mortality and yield per recruit of the dourado Salminus brasiliensis, Corumbá Reservoir, Goiás State, Brazil
Fig. 1. Location of the sampling sites in the area of Corumbá Reservoir.
Fig. 1 in Age and growth of the Argentine hake Merluccius hubbsi Marini, 1933 in the Brazilian South-Southeast Region during 1996-2001
Fig. 1. Study area showing the location of Merluccius hubbsi samples collected during 1996-2001.
Aboveground net primary productivity in regenerating seasonally dry tropical forest: contributions of rainfall, forest age, and soil
<p>Identifying factors controlling forest productivity is critical to understanding forest-climate change feedbacks, modeling vegetation dynamics, and carbon finance schemes. However, little research has focused on productivity in regenerating tropical forest which are expanding in their fraction of global area have an order of magnitude larger carbon uptake rates relative to older forest.</p> <p>We examined aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and its components (wood production and litterfall) over ten years in forest plots that vary in successional age, soil characteristics, and species composition using band dendrometers and litterfall traps in regenerating seasonally dry tropical forests in northwestern Costa Rica.</p> <p>We show that the components of ANPP are differentially driven by age and annual rainfall and that local soil variation is important. Total ANPP was explained by a combination of age, annual rainfall, and soil variation. Wood production comprised 35% of ANPP on average across sites and years, and was explained by annual rainfall but not forest age. Conversely, litterfall increased with forest age and soil fertility yet was not affected by annual rainfall. In this region, edaphic variability is highly correlated with plant community composition. Thus, variation in ecosystem processes explained by soil may also be partially explained by species composition.</p> <p>These results suggest that future changes in annual rainfall can alter the secondary forest carbon sink, but that this effect will be buffered by the litterfall flux which varies little among years. In determining the long-term strength of the secondary forest carbon sink, both rainfall and forest age will be critical variables to track. We also conclude that a detailed understanding of local site variation in soils and plant communities may be required to accurately predict the impact of changing rainfall on forest carbon uptake.</p> <p>Synthesis We show that in seasonally dry tropical forests, annual rainfall has a positive relationship with the growth of aboveground woody tissues of trees and that droughts lead to significant reductions in aboveground productivity. These results provide evidence for climate change – carbon cycle feedbacks in the seasonal tropics and highlight the value of longitudinal data on forest regeneration.</p>
Beneficial cumulative effects of old parental age on offspring fitness
<p>Old parental age is commonly associated with negative effects on offspring life-history traits. Such parental senescence effects are predicted to have a cumulative detrimental effect over successive generations. However, old parents may benefit from producing higher quality offspring when these compete for seasonal resources. Thus, old parents may choose to increase investment in their offspring, thereby producing fewer but larger and more competitive progeny. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites increase parental investment with advancing age, resulting in fitter offspring who reach their reproductive peak earlier. Remarkably, these effects increased over six successive generations of breeding from old parents and were subsequently reversed following a single generation of breeding from a young parent. Our findings support the hypothesis that offspring of old parents receive more resources and convert them into increasingly faster life-histories. These results contradict the theory that old parents transfer a cumulative detrimental "ageing factor" to their offspring.</p>
Seasonal variation in age, sex, and reproductive status of Mexican free-tailed bats
<p>In North America, Mexican free-tailed bats (Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana) consume vast numbers of insects contributing to the economic well-being of society. Mexican free-tailed bats have declined due to historic guano mining, roost destruction, and bioaccumulation of organochlorine pesticides. Long-distance migrations and dense congregations at roosts exacerbate these declines. Wind energy development further threatens bat communities worldwide and presents emerging challenges to bat conservation. Effective mitigation of bat mortality at wind energy facilities requires baseline data on the biology of affected populations. We collected data on age, sex, and reproductive condition of Mexican free-tailed bats at a cave roost in eastern Nevada located six km from a 152-megawatt industrial wind energy facility. Over five years, we captured 46,353 Mexican free-tailed bats. Although just over half of the caught individuals were non-reproductive adult males (53.6%), 826 pregnant, 892 lactating, 10,101 post-lactating, and 4,327 non-reproductive adult females were captured. Juveniles comprised 11.5% of captures. Female reproductive phenology was delayed relative to conspecific roosts at lower latitudes, likely due to cooler temperatures. Roost use by reproductive females and juvenile bats demonstrates this site is a maternity roost, with significant ecological and conservation value. To our knowledge, no other industrial scale wind energy facilities exist in such close proximity to a heavily used bat roost in North America. Given the susceptibility of Mexican free-tailed bats to wind turbine mortality and the proximity of this roost to a wind energy facility, these data provide a foundation from which differential impacts on demographic groups can be assessed.</p>
A 3D Adult Zebrafish Brain Atlas (AZBA) for the Digital Age
<p>Zebrafish have made significant contributions to our understanding of the vertebrate brain and the neural basis of behavior, earning a place as one of the most widely used model organisms in neuroscience. Their appeal arises from the marriage of low cost, early life transparency, and ease of genetic manipulation with a behavioral repertoire that becomes more sophisticated as animals transition from larvae to adults. To further enhance the use of adult zebrafish, we created the first fully segmented three-dimensional digital <u>a</u>dult <u>z</u>ebrafish <u>b</u>rain <u>a</u>tlas (AZBA). AZBA was built by combining tissue clearing, light-sheet fluorescence microscopy, and three-dimensional image registration of nuclear and antibody stains. These images were used to guide segmentation of the atlas into over 200 neuroanatomical regions comprising the entirety of the adult zebrafish brain. As an open source, online (azba.wayne.edu), updatable digital resource, AZBA will significantly enhance the use of adult zebrafish in furthering our understanding of vertebrate brain function in both health and disease.</p>
Sex differences in cognitive aging: a 4-year longitudinal study in marmosets.
<p>Longitudinal studies are essential to understand healthy and pathological neurocognitive aging such as Alzheimer’s Disease, but longitudinal designs are rare in both humans and non-human primate models of aging because of the difficulty of tracking cognitive change in long-lived primates. Common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus ) are uniquely suited for aging studies due to their naturally short lifespan (10- 12 years), sophisticated cognitive and social abilities and Alzheimer Disease-like neuropathology. We report the first longitudinal study of cognitive aging in marmosets (N=28) as they transitioned from middle- (~ 5 years) to old age (~ 9 years). We characterized aging trajectories using reversal learning with different stimuli each year. Marmosets initially improved on cognitive performance due to practice, but worsened in the final year, suggesting the onset of age-related decline. Cognitive impairment emerged earlier in females than males and was more prominent for discrimination than for reversal learning. Sex differences in cognitive aging could not be explained by differences in motivation or motor abilities, which improved or remained stable across aging. Likewise, males and females did not differ in aging trajectories of overall behavior or reactivity to a social stressor, with the exception of a progressive decline in the initiation of social behavior in females. Patterns of cognitive aging were highly variable across marmosets of both sexes, suggesting the potential for pathological aging for some individuals. Future work will link individual cognitive trajectories to neuropathology in order to better understand the relationships between neuropathologic burden and vulnerability to age-related cognitive decline in each sex.</p>
Particle-size distribution of Iberian unfired potsherds from the Late Iron Age
<p>This data set contains 38 particle-size distributions (PSD) of unfired potsherds from the Iberian workshop of the Mas de Moreno (Teruel, Spain). The distributions were obtained by laser diffraction.</p> <p><strong>Method</strong></p> <p>The PSDs were measured using a LA-950V2 (HORIBA) laser granulometer.</p> <p>All the samples were pre-treated with hydrogen peroxide to remove organic matter. The samples were then dispersed in water using sodium hexametaphosphate and ultrasonication.</p> <p>The PSDs were calculated using the Mie solution to Maxwell's equation, with 1.33 as the water refractive index and 1.55-0.1i as the sediment refractive index.</p> <p><strong>Data description</strong></p> <ul> <li><em>sample:</em> sample reference;</li> <li><em>date:</em> date of the analysis;</li> <li><em>laboratory:</em> analysis laboratory;</li> <li><em>H2O2:</em> has the sample been pre-treated with hydrogen peroxide?</li> <li><em>HCl:</em> has the sample been pre-treated with chloridic acid?</li> <li><em>HMP:</em> has the sample been dispersed with sodium hexametaphosphate?</li> <li><em>ultrasonication:</em> duration of ultrasonic dispersion (seconds);</li> <li><em>0.011</em> to <em>3000.000: </em>relative amount (percent) for the given grain size (micrometers).</li> </ul>
Image data set based on the age of giant pandas
<p>The conservation of the giant panda (<em>Ailuropoda melanoleuca</em>), as an iconic vulnerable species, has received great attention in the past few decades. As an important part of the giant panda population survey, the age distribution of giant pandas can not only provide useful instruction but also verify the effectiveness of conservation measures. The current methods for determining the age groups of giant pandas are mainly based on the size and length of giant panda feces and the bite value of intact bamboo in the feces, or in the case of a skeleton, through the wear of molars and the growth line of teeth. These methods have certain flaws that limit their applications. In this study, we developed a deep learning method to study age group classification based on facial images of captive giant pandas and achieved an accuracy of 85.99% on EfficientNet. The experimental results show that the faces of giant pandas contain some age information which is mainly concentrated between the eyes of giant pandas. In addition, the results also indicate that it is feasible to identify the age groups of giant pandas through the analysis of facial images.</p>
Low-severity winds reduce tropical forest structural complexity regardless of climate, topography or forest age
<p>Forests are often exposed to regular, non-severe winds (chronic wind exposure), yet the effect of such winds on canopy structure in tropical forests remains understudied. The height and structural complexity of a forest canopy are strongly and positively correlated with biodiversity and carbon accumulation. Understanding the drivers of canopy structural complexity across broad environmental gradients can therefore improve the mapping and modeling of diversity and carbon dynamics. Here we predict the height and structural complexity of forests in the heterogeneous island of Puerto Rico, with a particular focus on the impacts of chronic wind exposure. To do so, we used remote sensing to randomly sample ~20,000, 0.28 ha forested sites stratified by forest age, and used airborne LiDAR data from 2016 to quantify canopy height and a key metric of structural complexity, rugosity – the standard deviation in canopy height. We then ran random forest models to predict canopy height and rugosity based on chronic wind exposure, forest age, mean annual precipitation, elevation, slope, soil type, soil available water storage, and exposure to two previous hurricanes (in 1989 and 1998). Canopy height was 4 m taller on average (41%) between forests aged 17-25 years and old-growth forests and by 4 m on average (41%) between 1,000 and 2,000 mm<sup>-yr</sup> precipitation, leveling off at 2,000 mm<sup>-yr</sup>. Height was 2.12 m (16%) shorter on average between sites exposed to chronic winds and protected sites after accounting for all other factors. Rugosity was 1 m (32%) greater between the tallest and shortest forests, by 0.5 m (15%) between 1,000 and 2,000 mm<sup>-yr</sup> precipitation, and smaller by 0.5 m (15%) between forests above and below 1,000 m elevation. Rugosity was highest in forests of intermediate age (25-40 years), and lowest in old-growth forests, possibly because of higher elevation and chronic wind exposure in old-growth forests. We found no effect of slope, soil characteristics or previous hurricane exposure on either height or rugosity. Our results suggest that alongside forest age and climate context, chronic wind exposure plays an integral role in shaping the structure and carbon cycle of tropical forests.</p>
Data for: General cognitive performance declines with female age and is negatively related to fledging success in a wild bird
<p class="Affiliation"><span>Identifying the causes and fitness consequences of intraspecific variation in cognitive performance is fundamental to understand how cognition evolves. Selection may act on different cognitive traits separately or jointly as part of the general cognitive performance of the individual. To date, few studies have examined simultaneously whether individual cognitive performance covaries across different cognitive tasks, the relative importance of individual and social attributes in determining cognitive variation, and its fitness consequences in the wild. Here, we tested 38 wild southern pied babblers (</span><em><span>Turdoides bicolor</span></em><span>) on a cognitive test battery targeting associative learning, reversal learning and inhibitory control. We found that a single factor explained 59.5% of the variation in individual cognitive performance across tasks, suggestive of a general cognitive factor. General cognitive performance varied by age and sex; declining with age in females but not males. Older females also tended to produce a higher average number of fledglings per year compared to younger females. Analysing over 10 years of breeding data, we found that individuals with lower general cognitive performance produced more fledglings per year. Collectively, our findings support the existence of a trade-off between cognitive performance and reproductive success in a wild bird. </span></p>
Data and code for: Dog lifespans and the evolution of ageing
<p>The basic tenets of the evolutionary theories of senescence are well supported. However, there has been little progress in determining the relative influences of mutation accumulation and life history optimisation. The causes of the well-established inverse relationship between lifespan and body size across dog breeds are used here to test these two classes of theories. The lifespan-body size relationship is confirmed for the first time after controlling for breed phylogeny. The lifespan-body size relationship cannot be explained by evolutionary responses to differences in extrinsic mortality, either of contemporary breeds or of breeds at their establishment. The development of breeds larger and smaller than ancestral grey wolves has occurred through changes in early growth rate. This may explain the increase in the minimum age-dependent mortality rate with breed body size and thus higher age-dependent mortality throughout adult life. The main cause of this mortality is cancer. These patterns are consistent with the optimisation of life history as described by the disposable soma theory of the evolution of ageing. The dog breed lifespan-body size relationship may be the result of the evolution of greater defence against cancer lagging behind the rapid increase in body size during recent breed establishment.</p>
Clusters of interactions common between the Parkinson's disease map and the Ageing map
<p>This set of files was generated using the script demonstrating the use of MINERVA Net repository.</p> <p>The script is available under:</p> <p><a href="https://gitlab.lcsb.uni.lu/minerva/api-scripts/-/blob/master/R/API-minervanet.R">https://gitlab.lcsb.uni.lu/minerva/api-scripts/-/blob/master/R/API-minervanet.R</a></p> <p>The diagrams should be opened with the CellDesigner software (<a href="https://www.celldesigner.org/">https://www.celldesigner.org/</a>).</p>
Dataset: Age effects in emotional memory and associated eye movements
<p><span>Mnemonic-enhanced memory has been observed for negative events. Here, we investigate its association with spatiotemporal attention, consolidation, and age. An ingenious method to study visual attention for emotional stimuli is eye tracking. Twenty young adults and twenty-one older adults encoded stimuli depicting neutral faces, angry faces, and houses while eye movements were recorded. The encoding phase was followed by an immediate and delayed (48 h) recognition assessment. Linear mixed model analyses of recognition performance with group, emotion, and their interaction as fixed effects revealed increased performance for angry compared to neutral faces in the young adults group only. Furthermore, young adults showed enhanced memory for angry faces compared to older adults. This effect was associated with a shorter fixation duration for angry faces compared to neutral faces in the older adults group. Furthermore, the results revealed that total fixation duration was a strong predictor for face memory performance.</span></p>
Demography and linked selection interact to shape the genomic landscape of codistributed woodpeckers during the Ice Age
<p><span>The influence of genetic drift on population dynamics during Pleistocene glacial cycles is well understood, but the role of selection in shaping patterns of genomic variation during these events is less explored. We used resequenced whole genomes to</span><span> i</span><span>nvestigate </span><span>how demography and natural selection interact to generate the genomic landscapes of Downy and Hairy Woodpeckers, species co-distributed in previously glaciated North America. First, we explored the spatial and temporal patterns of genomic diversity produced by neutral evolution. Next, we tested (1) whether levels of nucleotide diversity along the genome are correlated with intrinsic genomic properties, such as recombination rate and gene density, and (2) whether different demographic trajectories impacted the efficacy of selection. Our results revealed cycles of bottleneck and expansion and genetic structure associated with glacial refugia. Nucleotide diversity varied widely along the genome, but this variation was highly correlated between the species, suggesting the presence of conserved genomic features. In both taxa, nucleotide diversity was positively correlated with recombination rate and negatively correlated with gene density, suggesting that linked selection played a role in reducing diversity. Despite strong fluctuations in effective population size, the maintenance of relatively large populations during glaciations may have facilitated selection. Under these conditions, we found evidence that the individual demographic trajectory of populations modulated linked selection, with purifying selection being more efficient in removing deleterious alleles in large populations. These results highlight that while genome-wide variation reflects the expected signature of demographic change during climatic perturbations, the interaction of multiple processes produces a predictable and highly heterogeneous genomic landscape.</span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.