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Figure 3 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status

Figure 3. Plot of 5-Metacarpal divided by the 1st phalanx of the 5 digit, verses 2nd phalanx of the 2nd digit, indicating separation of Nyctimene certans and N. cyclotis using 3 simple wing measurements for 255 specimens. Nyctimene certans (squares, n = 35), N. a. papuanus (circles, n = 128), N. wrightae sp. nov. (triangles, n = 90) and N. cyclotis (diamonds, n = 2). Holotype specimens are indicated for each species by an asterisk. Full or closed symbols indicate individuals identified genetically (n = 77), open symbols are those identified morphologically (n = 179).

Figure 12 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status

Figure 12. Distribution of specimens assigned in this study to N. cyclotis (stars, n = 2), N. certans (squares, n = 26), N. wrightae sp. nov. (triangles n = 22) and N. a. papuanus (circles n = 48).

Figure 6 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status

Figure 6. Dorsal and ventral photographs of the holotype of Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov. compared with N. a. papuanus. (a, b) Holotype of N. wrightae sp. nov. AM M.16423, photographs courtesy of Harry Parnaby (AM). (c) N. a. papuanus, NHMUK 1901.11.5.3; (d) N. wrightae sp. nov. NHMUK 1969.1417. Typically the fur is short and brown, but varies (see Fig. 7). Nyctimene a. papuanus and N. wrightae sp. nov. have a clearly demarcated dorsal stripe unlike N. certans and N. cyclotis (see Fig. 5). Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov. and N. a. papuanus have relatively long and distally tapered ears but those of N. wrightae sp. nov. tend to be thickened on the leading edge; externally N. wrightae sp. nov. and N. a. papuanus can appear very similar as exemplified by (c) and (d).

Figure 2 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status

Figure 2. Holotype skull and mandible of Nyctimene cyclotis NHMUK 1910.7.16.9; (a) mandible, right side is broken and left M is missing; (b) ventral view of cranium, right P4 2

Figure 1 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status

Figure 1. Morphological measurements taken for this study, see text for explanation of abbreviations: (a) dorsal, (b) ventral, and (c) lateral views of the skull and (d) mandible of a typical Nyctimene, (e) Skeleton of type specimen for subfamily, N. cephalotes, from Pallas (1767).

Figure 8 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status

Figure 8. First two axes of a LDFA based on 14 factors of combined skull, dental and external body measurements (listed in Table 4), showing separation between N. a. papuanus (circles, n = 44), N. certans (squares, n = 15) and N. wrightae sp. nov. (triangles, n = 11). Holotype of N. wrightae sp. nov. is indicated by star symbol.

Figure 10 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status

Figure 10. Plot of breadth against M1 breadth for Nyctimene a. papuanus (circles, n = 58) N. certans (squares, n = 27), N. wrightae sp. nov. (triangles, n = 11) and N. cyclotis (diamond, n = 2). Filled symbols are genetically identified. Holotypes of each species indicated by star symbols. Smaller outliers of N. certans are old individuals with smaller teeth due to extensive tooth wear. Outliers of N. wrightae sp. nov. with larger teeth than their conspecifics are young individuals with little tooth wear.

Figure 7 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status

Figure 7. Photographs of Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov. and N. certans. (a) Female with young pup attached, showing characteristic long ears with thickened edge and short, brown hair (photograph courtesy of Debra Wright); (b) N. certans, showing darker fur than N. wrightae sp. nov. and round, broad ears (photograph courtesy of Debra Wright); (c) N. wrightae sp. nov. yellow colour morph with large brown spots caught in O-Pio, Chimbu Prov. (field number NRI 721), the dorsal stripe is clear and becomes thinner in upper part of back.

Figure 5 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status

Figure 5. Dorsal and ventral photographs of the holotypes of Nyctimene certans and N. cyclotis. (a, b) Holotype of N. certans NHMUK 1911.11.29.1; photographs courtesy of Harry Taylor (NHMUK). (c, d) Holotype of N. cyclotis NHMUK 1910.7.16.9; photographs courtesy of Jeff Streicher (NHMUK). The ears are short and rounded in N. certans and N. cyclotis. Both FA's of N. cyclotis are clearly broken. The dorsal stripe is difficult to distinguish in the base of the dorsal in N. certans and N. cyclotis. Overall there is a grizzled grey-brown appearance in the fur in the dorsal of N. certans and N. cyclotis, compared to a more even brown colour in N. wrightae sp. nov. and N. a. papuanus (see Fig. 6).

Figure 4 in A new Tube-nosed Fruit Bat from New Guinea, Nyctimene wrightae sp. nov., A Re-diagnosis of N. certans and N. cyclotis (Pteropodidae: Chiroptera), and a Review of their Conservation Status

Figure 4. Dorsal and ventral views of skulls and mandibles of Nyctimene certans (young adult) (AM M.17888), N. certans (old, showing extensive tooth wear) (AM M.30648), N. wrightae sp. nov. (holotype) (AM M.16423) and N. a. papuanus (AM M.16425).

Text-fig. 8. a, o – Miostrellus petersbuchensis, Petersbuch 28: a – NMA P28/0335, right maxillary bone with P4–M3, holotype, ventral view; o – NMA P28/0449, right mnd with C inf., p4–m3, occlusal view; b–f, k, n – M. cf. noctuloides: b – BSP 1962 XIX 4198, right M3, Erkertshofen 1, occlusal view; c – BSP 1962 XIX 4195, left M1, Erkertshofen 1, occlusal view; d – PCMRCh4, left C sup., Petersbuch 2, lingual (d1) and occlusal (d2) views; e – BSP 1974 XIV 1204, left C sup., Erkertshofen 2, occlusal (e1) and lingual (e2) views; f – PCMRCh23, right P4, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; k – BSP 1974 XIV 1200, right C inf., Erkertshofen 2, occlusal view; n – BSP 1962 XIX 4192, right mnd with m1–2; Erkertshofen 1, lateral (n1) and occlusal (n2) views; g – Eptesicus cf. aurelianensis, BSP 1962 XIX 4197, right M2, Erkertshofen 1, occlusal view; h, i – cf. Miostrellus sp., Erkertshofen 2: h – BSP 1974 XIV 1203, left m1, occlusal view; i – BSP 1974 XIV 1207, right P4; j, l, m – Miostrellus cf. petersbuchensis, Petersbuch 2, occlusal views: j – PCMRCh5, left m1; l – PCMRCh7, left p4; m – PCMRCh6, right mnd with m1. in The Early Miocene Bats (Chiroptera, Mammalia) From The Karstic Sites Of Erkertshofen And Petersbuch 2 (Southern Germany)

Text-fig. 8. a, o – Miostrellus petersbuchensis, Petersbuch 28: a – NMA P28/0335, right maxillary bone with P4–M3, holotype, ventral view; o – NMA P28/0449, right mnd with C inf., p4–m3, occlusal view; b–f, k, n – M. cf. noctuloides: b – BSP 1962 XIX 4198, right M3, Erkertshofen 1, occlusal view; c – BSP 1962 XIX 4195, left M1, Erkertshofen 1, occlusal view; d – PCMRCh4, left C sup., Petersbuch 2, lingual (d1) and occlusal (d2) views; e – BSP 1974 XIV 1204, left C sup., Erkertshofen 2, occlusal (e1) and lingual (e2) views; f – PCMRCh23, right P4, Petersbuch 2, occlusal view; k – BSP 1974 XIV 1200, right C inf., Erkertshofen 2, occlusal view; n – BSP 1962 XIX 4192, right mnd with m1–2; Erkertshofen 1, lateral (n1) and occlusal (n2) views; g – Eptesicus cf. aurelianensis, BSP 1962 XIX 4197, right M2, Erkertshofen 1, occlusal view; h, i – cf. Miostrellus sp., Erkertshofen 2: h – BSP 1974 XIV 1203, left m1, occlusal view; i – BSP 1974 XIV 1207, right P4; j, l, m – Miostrellus cf. petersbuchensis, Petersbuch 2, occlusal views: j – PCMRCh5, left m1; l – PCMRCh7, left p4; m – PCMRCh6, right mnd with m1.

Text-fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp., within some selected Amphicyonidae, and some extinct caniform carnivorans. Paramiacis exilis is the outgroup. Searches were performed by means of the Branch and Bound and a Bootstrap analysis through 1,000 replicates. One tree is obtained (length 73 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.6301, retention index (RI) = 0.7000). The numbers below nodes are Bremer indices, and the numbers above nodes are Bootstrap support percentages (only shown ≥ 50). in A New Thaumastocyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) From The Early Miocene Of Tuchořice, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationship of Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp., within some selected Amphicyonidae, and some extinct caniform carnivorans. Paramiacis exilis is the outgroup. Searches were performed by means of the Branch and Bound and a Bootstrap analysis through 1,000 replicates. One tree is obtained (length 73 steps, consistency index (CI) = 0.6301, retention index (RI) = 0.7000). The numbers below nodes are Bremer indices, and the numbers above nodes are Bootstrap support percentages (only shown ≥ 50).

Text-fig. 1. Dental nomenclature. Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp. a) TU 73916 upper right M1 in occlusal view; b) TU 7391147 lower right m1, b1) lingual view, b2) occlusal view. Abbreviations: bde, basal distobuccal expansion; bc, buccal cingulum; Ec, ectoflexus; dc, distal cingulum; dlc, distolingual cristid; end, entoconid; hyd, hypoconid; lc, lingual cingulum; ME, metacone; MEC, metaconule; mc, mesial cingulum; med, metaconid; mlc, mesiolingual cristid; mpc, mesial protoconid cristid; MS, metastyle; PA, paracone; PAC, paraconule; pad, paraconid; PR, protocone; prd, protoconid; PS, parastyle. Not developed in Peignecyon felinoides. in A New Thaumastocyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) From The Early Miocene Of Tuchořice, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 1. Dental nomenclature. Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp. a) TU 73916 upper right M1 in occlusal view; b) TU 7391147 lower right m1, b1) lingual view, b2) occlusal view. Abbreviations: bde, basal distobuccal expansion*; bc, buccal cingulum; Ec, ectoflexus; dc, distal cingulum; dlc, distolingual cristid; end, entoconid; hyd, hypoconid; lc, lingual cingulum; ME, metacone; MEC, metaconule; mc, mesial cingulum; med, metaconid; mlc, mesiolingual cristid; mpc, mesial protoconid cristid; MS, metastyle; PA, paracone; PAC, paraconule; pad, paraconid; PR, protocone; prd, protoconid; PS, parastyle. *Not developed in Peignecyon felinoides.

Text-fig. 2. Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp., from Tuchořice, the Czech Republic. a) TU 739130 right P4; a1) buccal view, a2) occlusal view, a3) lingual view. b) TU 73916 right M1; b1) buccal view, b2) occlusal view, b3) lingual view, b4) mesial view, b5) distal view. c) TU 739130 right M2; c1) buccal view, c2) occlusal view, c3) lingual view, c4) mesial view, c5) distal view. d) TU 739151 left M2; occlusal view. in A New Thaumastocyoninae (Amphicyonidae, Carnivora) From The Early Miocene Of Tuchořice, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 2. Peignecyon felinoides n. gen. et n. sp., from Tuchořice, the Czech Republic. a) TU 739130 right P4; a1) buccal view, a2) occlusal view, a3) lingual view. b) TU 73916 right M1; b1) buccal view, b2) occlusal view, b3) lingual view, b4) mesial view, b5) distal view. c) TU 739130 right M2; c1) buccal view, c2) occlusal view, c3) lingual view, c4) mesial view, c5) distal view. d) TU 739151 left M2; occlusal view.

Text-fig. 8. Typhlomys storchi n. sp. from Leilao, Yuanmou. a) left M1 (IVPP V 25887.1, paratype), b) right M3 (IVPP V 25887.2, reversed), c) right M1 (IVPP V 25886, holotype, reversed), d) right M2 (IVPP V 25887.3, reversed). in Platacanthomyids (Rodentia, Mammalia) From The Late Miocene Yuanmou Hominoid Locality Of Yunnan, China

Text-fig. 8. Typhlomys storchi n. sp. from Leilao, Yuanmou. a) left M1 (IVPP V 25887.1, paratype), b) right M3 (IVPP V 25887.2, reversed), c) right M1 (IVPP V 25886, holotype, reversed), d) right M2 (IVPP V 25887.3, reversed).

Text-fig. 4. Small mammals from Middle Pleistocene site of Yenişarbademli (Central Turkey). a–e – Microtus ex gr. arvalis-socialis: a – m1 and fragmentary m2 sin., EUNHM PV-13210; b – fragmentary m3 sin., EUNHM PV-13211; c – M3 dex., EUNHM PV- 13212a; d, e – fragmentary M3 dex., EUNHM PV-13212b, EUNHM PV-13212c; f – cf. Chionomys nivalis, M3 dex., EUNHM PV-13213; g–j – Lagurus transiens: g, h – fragmentary m1 sin., EUNHM PV-13214-13215; i – m2 sin., EUNHM PV-13216; j – fragmentary M2 dex., EUNHM PV-13217; k – Clethrionomys cf. acrorhiza, fragmentary m3 sin., EUNHM PV-13218 in labial (k2) and lingual (k3) views; l – Ochotona sp., non-pussiloid form, p3 dex., EUNHM PV-13219; m–o – Microtus cf. guentheri: m – fragmentary m1 sin., EUNHM PV-13220; n – m3 sin., EUNHM PV-13221; o – M3 dex., EUNHM PV-13222. Scales for occlusal (larger), and lateral (smaller) views equal 1 mm. in Plio-Pleistocene Amphibians And Reptiles From Central Turkey: New Faunas And Faunal Records With Comments On Their Biochronological Position Based On Small Mammals

Text-fig. 4. Small mammals from Middle Pleistocene site of Yenişarbademli (Central Turkey). a–e – Microtus ex gr. arvalis-socialis: a – m1 and fragmentary m2 sin., EUNHM PV-13210; b – fragmentary m3 sin., EUNHM PV-13211; c – M3 dex., EUNHM PV- 13212a; d, e – fragmentary M3 dex., EUNHM PV-13212b, EUNHM PV-13212c; f – cf. Chionomys nivalis, M3 dex., EUNHM PV-13213; g–j – Lagurus transiens: g, h – fragmentary m1 sin., EUNHM PV-13214-13215; i – m2 sin., EUNHM PV-13216; j – fragmentary M2 dex., EUNHM PV-13217; k – Clethrionomys cf. acrorhiza, fragmentary m3 sin., EUNHM PV-13218 in labial (k2) and lingual (k3) views; l – Ochotona sp., non-pussiloid form, p3 dex., EUNHM PV-13219; m–o – Microtus cf. guentheri: m – fragmentary m1 sin., EUNHM PV-13220; n – m3 sin., EUNHM PV-13221; o – M3 dex., EUNHM PV-13222. Scales for occlusal (larger), and lateral (smaller) views equal 1 mm.

FIG. 2. — Eucyon debonisi n in n. sp., a new Canidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the latest Miocene of Venta del Moro (Valencia, Spain)

FIG. 2. — Eucyon debonisi n. sp. from Venta del Moro (Spain): A-C, maxilla with both dental series (MGUV 14752); B, C, detailed views of the left maxilla with P3-M2; D, E, right upper canine (MGUV 14778); A, ventral view; B, occlusal view; C, lateral view; D, lingual view; E, buccal view. Scale bars: 10 mm.

FIG. 5 in n. sp., a new Canidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the latest Miocene of Venta del Moro (Valencia, Spain)

FIG. 5. — Bivariate plot of the P4 of different Eucyon Tedford & Qiu, 1996 species and Canis cipio Crusafont, 1950. Data, in part, from Crusafont (1950), Martin (1973), Hendey (1974), and Tedford & Qiu (1996). Abbreviations: L, length; W, width. ○, E. adoxus Martin, 1973; XI, C. cipio Crusafont, 1950; X, E. debonisi n. sp.; △, E. davisi (Merriam, 1911); ◆, E. zhoui Tedford & Qiu, 1996; □, Eucyon sp.

FIG. 1 in n. sp., a new Canidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the latest Miocene of Venta del Moro (Valencia, Spain)

FIG. 1. — Holotype of Eucyon debonisi n. sp. from Venta del Moro (Spain): A-C, fragment of left maxilla with P2-M2 (MGUV 14781); D-F, fragment of right maxilla with P2 and P4-M2 (MGUV 14780); G-J, right mandible with p2-p3 (MGUV 14779); A, B, D, E, I, J, stereo- photographs of occlusal views; C, F, lateral views; G, buccal view; H, lingual view. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 3. — Eucyon debonisi n in n. sp., a new Canidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the latest Miocene of Venta del Moro (Valencia, Spain)

FIG. 3. — Eucyon debonisi n. sp. from Venta del Moro (Spain): A-C, left hemimandible with p1, p2 and m2 (MGUV 14787); D-F, fragment of right hemimandible with p4-m2 (MGUV 14788); G-I, fragment of left hemimandible with p2-m1 (MGUV 14753); J-L, left m1 (MGUV 14791); M-O, right m1 (MGUV 18474); A, D, G, L, O, lingual views; B, F, H, K, N, occlusal views; C, E, I, J, M, buccal views; Scale bars: 10 mm.