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FIGURE 17 in Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea

FIGURE 17. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 2: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5'N, 14°12,2'W, 500–650 m. a. Colony with multiple spirals. b. Ovicellate zooids at the peripheral row. c. Autozooids, ovicells and vibracula with extended setae along the colony edge. d. Ovicellate zooid with intramural budding. e. Zooids and vibracula with evidences of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 500 μm.

FIGURE 13. Setosella rossanae n in Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea

FIGURE 13. Setosella rossanae n. sp. Holotype, PMC. B25. 30.6.2018a, Granchi cave Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, c. 20 m depth, sample GR1P. a. Unbleached colony with irregular outline and autozooids roughly arranged in a spiral. b. Close-up of autozooids in the bottom centre of (a). Note the development of the gymnocyst and the irregular elongation of the zooid on the left. c. Periancestrular area after colony bleaching. d. Autozooids and vibracula with evidence of multiple intramural buddings. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b–d = 200 μm.

FIGURE 16 in Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea

FIGURE 16. Setosella spiralis Silén, 1942. Paratype 1: SMNH-Type-1893, North Atlantic Ocean, Josephine bank, 36°45,5'N, 14°12,2'W, 500–650 m. a. Well-preserved colony with tightly coiled spiral. b. Periancestrular area. c. Ancestrula with preserved cryptocystal shelf and opesia sealed by a granular closure plate. d. Distal half of a zooid with granular cryptocyst and opesiules. e. Orifice with coarsely granular distal shelf. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b = 200 μm; c, d = 100 μm; e = 50 μm.

FIGURE 12. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c in Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea

FIGURE 12. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station F4. a. Portion of a large, dead colony. b. Detail of an autozooid with the distal vibraculum and two large, disto-lateral opesiules. c. Cluster of autozooids with intramural budding. d. Close-up of the bottom-right colony portion in (a) Note the common regenerations in both autozooids and vibracula, some with closure plates. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b = 100 μm; c, d = 200 μm.

FIGURE 11. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c in Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea

FIGURE 11. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018c, Fara cave, Lesvos Island, 11–18 m depth, NE Aegean Sea, sampling station FC2. a. Large lobate colony exploiting the extremely uneven surface of concretion cavities. b. Close-up of the central part in (a) with some autozooids, one regenerated as a kenozooid. c. Autozooids from a dead colony portion. d. Cluster of fertile autozooids. e. Ancestrula with associated vibracula located distally and on the lateral left side. Scale bars: a = 1 mm; b, d, e = 200 μm; c = 100 μm.

FIGURE 10. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018b in Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea

FIGURE 10. Setosella cavernicola Harmelin, 1977. PMC. B26. 30.6.2018b, Granchi cave, Plemmirio MPA, SE Sicily, W Ionian Sea, sample GR1P. a. View of a large, irregularly lobate colony. b. Periancestrular area with some autozooids showing an incompletely calcified cryptocyst. c. The bottom-right lobe in (a), developing from regeneration of some broken autozooids. d. Close-up of the regeneration line with irregular budding of autozooids and a kenozooid. e. Regenerated colony portion with the central fertile autozooid showing three subsequent intramural buddings. f. Anomalous budding of twin vibracula from a peripheral autozooid. g. Kenozooid (centre top) with a central, large, irregularly-shaped opesia. Scale bars: a, c = 500 μm; b, d–g = 200 μm.

FIGURE 7. Setosella cyclopensis n in Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea

FIGURE 7. Setosella cyclopensis n. sp. PMC.R.I.H. B1f, Benestare (Calabria), sample 1, late Tortonian-early Messinian. a. Colony enveloping a clast. b. Colony margin with ovicells and kenozooids. c. Close-up of the peripheral row of kenozooids. Scale bars: a–c = 500 μm.

FIGURE 1 in Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea

FIGURE 1. Setosella vulnerata (Busk, 1860), Leuca, Holocene, colonies from sample AP1 (a, c, j, k, l), AP8 (g, h, i, m) and AP21 (b, d, e, f). a–e Colonies on mollusc shell fragments, except for (d) on a lithic clast. Note the variably shape of the ancestrula and the arrangement of periancestrular autozooids sometimes leaving exposed the substratum. f. Irregular colony with broken ancestrula on an echinoid plate. g. Autozooid and vibracula. h, i. Ovicellate autozooid with dimorfic orifice, and associated distal vibraculum, in frontal and oblique view. j. Ovicellate autozooid with intramural budding. k–m. Three ancestrulae showing the variability of the opesia and the long stolk of the distal vibraculum. Scale bars: a–f = 500 μm; g, j–l = 100 μm; h, i, m = 200 μm.

FIGURE 6. Setosella cyclopensis n in Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea

FIGURE 6. Setosella cyclopensis n. sp. Paratypes: kenozooids, PMC. B24. 8.3.2018b, Ciclopi MPA, off Catania, W Ionian Sea. a–c. Damaged colony with evidences of reparative regeneration, Ciclopi 2D. a. General view of the colony enveloping the substratum. b, c. Close-up of the damaged zone of the colony with broken zooids, regenerated zooids and newly budded zooids. Note as some kenozooids develop to fill the gaps. d. Two kenozooids with differently developed opesiae, Ciclopi 2G. e. One large kenozooid along the colony edge with a single opesiule-like opening, Ciclopi 12E, same colony of Fig. 4d. f. Contact zone between edges of the same colony enrolling a Ditrupa worm tube marked by local self-overgrowth and the production of kenozooids, Ciclopi 12F. g. Small kenozooid possibly formed as the reparation of a damaged periancestrular zooid, WP123. h, i. Reparative intrazooidal budding Ciclopi 2D, same colony of Fig. 4f. h. Autozooids and a kenozooid. i. Common, multiple intramural budding affecting autozooids and ovicells along the colony edge. Scale bars: a = 500 μm; b–i = 200 μm.

FIGURE 4. Setosella cyclopensis n in Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea

FIGURE 4. Setosella cyclopensis n. sp. Paratypes: colony morphology, PMC. B24. 8.3.2018b. Ciclopi MPA, off Catania, W Ionian Sea. a. Living saddle-shaped colony, enveloping the concave side of a bioclast but not its exposed top-left part, Banco Apollo. b. Convex colony on the external surface of a bivalve shell, Ciclopi 2D. c. Small highly convex colony on a lithic sandsized clast, Ciclopi 2D. d, e. Frontal and lateral views of a flat colony on a shell fragment, Ciclopi 2E. f. Large highly convex colony on a lithic granule-sized clast. g. Colony nearly completely enveloping a round, lithic clast, Ciclopi 2G. Scale bars: a, e, f = 1 mm; b–d, g = 500 μm.

FIGURE 5. Setosella cyclopensis n in Revision of the genus Setosella (Bryozoa: Cheilostomata) with description of new species from deep-waters and submarine caves of the Mediterranean Sea

FIGURE 5. Setosella cyclopensis n. sp. Paratypes: zooids and vibracula, PMC. B24. 8.3.2018b, Ciclopi Marine Protected Area, off Catania, W Ionian Sea. a–d. Ciclopi 2D. a. Autozooids including frontal membrane and opercula, and vibracula with setae from a periancestrular colony portion. b. Cluster of zooids with intramural budding. c. Opesia with beaded distal shelf. d. Autozooid. e. Vibraculum with evidence of regeneration and a double-rimmed opesia, Ciclopi 12D. f. Cluster of ovicellate autozooids, Ciclopi 2D. Scale bars: a, b, f = 200 μm; c = 50 μm; d = 100 μm; e = 20 μm.

FIGURE 2 in New cave-dwelling Plakina (Plakinidae, Homoscleromorpha, Porifera) from Martinique Island (French Antilles)

FIGURE 2. Photos taken using light (A, B) and scanning electron (C-I) microscopy of Plakina doudou sp. nov. skeleton. A) transversal section of the skeleton. B) Focus on the skeleton, showing the surface, exhalant canal, embryo and basal cavity. C) Diods. D) Triod. E) Calthrop. F) Monolophose triods. G) Monolophose calthrops. H) Dilophose calthrops. I) Trilophose calthrops. bc: basal cavity; ec: exhalant canal; em: embryo; s: surface.

FIGURE 4 in New cave-dwelling Plakina (Plakinidae, Homoscleromorpha, Porifera) from Martinique Island (French Antilles)

FIGURE 4. Transmission electron micrographs: A) Choanocyte chamber (cc). B) Focus on the limit between two choanocyte chambers. C) Apopylar cell (Ap). D) Exopinacocyte. E) Endopinacocyte. F) Symbiotic bacteria (b). Ch: choanocyte; ec: exhalant canal; fl: flagellum; in: inclusions; M: mesohyl; N: nucleus; Pi: pinacocyte; sp: hole left by spicule.

FIGURE 1 in New cave-dwelling Plakina (Plakinidae, Homoscleromorpha, Porifera) from Martinique Island (French Antilles)

FIGURE 1. External morphology and color variation of Plakina doudou sp. nov. A) in situ photo showing Plakina doudou sp. nov. (1) living in syntopy with Plakina arletensis (2) and Tetralophophora mesoamericana (3). B) Focus on in situ specimens of Plakina doudou sp. nov. C) Same specimen after fixation in alcohol.

FIGURE 5 in New cave-dwelling Plakina (Plakinidae, Homoscleromorpha, Porifera) from Martinique Island (French Antilles)

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic relationships of Homoscleromorpha species using a 492 bp fragment (I3M11) of the cytochrome oxidase I. Bootstrap values correspond to neighbor-joining (1000) and maximum likelihood (100) analysis.

FIGURES 13‒17 in Spelaeobochica mahnerti, a new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion from Brazil (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Bochicidae), with comments on the troglomorphism of the Brazilian bochicid species

FIGURES 13‒17. Type locality and habitat of Spelaeobochica mahnerti sp. n. 13, topographical map of Brazil, with Minas Gerais state highlighted, showing placement of the Bambuí Group (in blue); 14, topographical map of Minas Gerais state, with municipality of Monjolos indicated in red; 15, external landscape, showing region of the cave entrance (arrow); 16, map of Gruta Velha Nova, showing distribution of the specimens (red stars) observed during sampling; 17, inner portion of cave, the site where one of the specimens of S. mahnerti sp. n. was found (arrow).

FIGURES 5‒9 in Spelaeobochica mahnerti, a new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion from Brazil (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Bochicidae), with comments on the troglomorphism of the Brazilian bochicid species

FIGURES 5‒9. Spelaeobochica mahnerti sp. n. 5, left chela of paratype, showing trichobothrial pattern, nodus ramosus, with some teeth amplified (holotype), antiaxial view, scale bar 1 mm; 6, distal marginal teeth of the fixed finger amplified, scale bar 0.1875 mm; 7, distal marginal teeth of the movable finger amplified, scale bar 0.1875 mm; 8, marginal and antiaxial accessory teeth at the proximal region of the fixed finger amplified, scale bar 0.1875 mm; 9, left palp, minus chela, of holotype, dorsal view, scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 18 in Spelaeobochica mahnerti, a new cave-dwelling pseudoscorpion from Brazil (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Bochicidae), with comments on the troglomorphism of the Brazilian bochicid species

FIGURE 18. Spelaeobochica mahnerti sp. n. and troglomorphisms in Spelaeobochica species. On the left, the male specimen (paratype) of S. mahnerti sp. n.; in the middle, a map of Brazil showing the different speleological units (red stars represent the locality of each species); on the right, from top to bottom, S. allodentatus, S. iuiu, S. goliath and S. muchmorei, respectively. Observe the increment in the degree of troglomorphism shown by Spelaeobochica species (greater appendage elongation) from northern to southern regions.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx (Crustacea: Amphipoda Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Simbok Cave, Korea

FIGURE 6. Pseudocrangonyx joolaei sp. nov., holotype female, NNIBRIV21629. (A) Pereopod 6, medial view. (B) Dactylus of pereopod 6, medial view. (C) Pereopod 7, medial view. (D) Dactylus of pereopod 7, medial view. (E) Sternal gills on pereonites 2–4, lateral view. (F) Brood plate of pereopod 3, medial view.

FIGURE 4 in A new species of the genus Pseudocrangonyx (Crustacea: Amphipoda Pseudocrangonyctidae) from Simbok Cave, Korea

FIGURE 4. Pseudocrangonyx joolaei sp. nov., holotype female, NNIBRIV21629. (A) Maxilla 2, dorsal view. (B) Maxilliped, dorsal view. (C) Apical setae on inner plate of maxilliped, dorsal view. (D) Gnathopod 1, medial view. (E) Palmar margin of propodus and dactylus of gnathopod 1, medial view. (F) Gnathopod 2, medial view. (G) Palmar margin of propodus and dactylus of gnathopod 2, medial view.