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FIGURE 2. A in Szczepkamyces quercicola sp. nov. (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) evidenced by morphological characters and molecular phylogeny

FIGURE 2. A basidiocarp of Szczepkamyces quercicola (Holotype, Dai 22812). Scale bar = 1.0 cm. Photo by Yu-Cheng Dai.

FIGURE 6. Syntergosternite 7 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 6. Syntergosternite 7+8 of male Sarcophaga (s. str.) [no specimen data available]. A–E. Dorsal view; F. Lateral view; C–F. Not to scale. A. S. subvicina: sntgst 7+8 very distinctly pruinose, with long and dense setae of similar length and density as in basal part of epandrium; distal 1/10 very distinctly pruinose. B. S. subvicina, other specimen: sntgst 7+8 slightly pruinose, with long setae. C. S. subvicina, other specimen: sntgst 7+8 normally pruinose, setae not dense. D. S. carnaria: sntgst 7+8 fully glossy, with very long, not dense setae and setae getting shorter and denser towards basal part of epandrium. E. S. variegata: sntgst 7+8 slightly pruinose, with long setae. F. S. carnaria, same specimen as in Fig. 6D: sntgst 7+8 glossy, with short but dense setae. Abbreviations: fg = fully glossy, sntgst 7+8 = syntergosternite 7+8, ta = transition abrupt, tg = transition gradual, vdp = very distinctly pruinose.

FIGURE 5 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 5. Female terminalia of Sarcophaga (s. str.). A. Tergite 6 (T6), with spiracles. B–E. Tergite 8 (T8), cerci and hypoproct. F–G. Spermathecae (SPE). A. S. subvicina (SMNS_Dip_007083). B. S. subvicina (SMNS_Dip_007082): T8 slightly and partially sclerotised, lacking setae. C. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007079): T8 slightly and partially sclerotised, with ca. 20 setae. D. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007080): T8 slightly and partially sclerotised, lacking setae. E. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007070): sclerotisation on T8 clearly visible and distinct, T8 with ca. 32 setae. F. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007051): spherical apex of SPE distinctly broader than base. G. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007073): spherical apex of SPE comparatively narrow (only slightly wider than base).

FIGURE 3 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 3. Female terminalia of Sarcophaga (s. str.), sternites 6–8. A. S. subvicina (SMNS_Dip_007081): length (L) of sternite 7 (ST7) equal to or longer than width (W). B. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007077): ST7 wider (W) than long (L); anterior, lateral and posterior margins of ST7 straight. C. S. carnaria (SMNS_Dip_007079): anterior margin of ST7 with an indentation in the middle, lateral margins bending inwards on basal half, and posterior margin straight. D. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007041): lateral margins of ST7 bending inwards on basal 1/5. E. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007040): all margins of ST7 straight. F. S. variegata (SMNS_Dip_007042): lateral margins of ST7 bending inwards on basal half and posterior margin sinuous.

FIGURE 4. Sternite 7 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 4. Sternite 7 (ST7) length to width ratio of Sarcophaga (s. str.) females. Our analysis shows that this morphological character can be used reliably to separate S. subvicina from S. carnaria and S. variegata in most cases (p <0.0001; indicated by asterisks). However, the ST7 length/width ratio cannot be used to distinguish between S. carnaria and S. variegata (p = 0.242; indicated by ns). Box plots show median and first and third quartiles; dots represent extreme outliers. The number (n) of analysed female specimens is indicated above the name of each species.

FIGURE 2 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 2. Neighbor-joining tree of Sarcophaga spp. based on the analysis of 94 COI (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) barcode sequences of equal length (538 bp). Numbers on the nodes indicate bootstrap support. Distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method. Female specimens collected in 2019–2020 in Baden-Württemberg (SW Germany) and analysed morphologically in this study are displayed in bold. Sarcophaga crassipalpis Macquart was used as an outgroup species.

FIGURE 1 in A review of morphological characters for the identification of three common European species of Sarcophaga s. str. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae), with an emphasis on female terminalia

FIGURE 1. Map of 2020 collection sites near Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, SW Germany (red dots; enlarged section of map depicted in top left corner). For full locality information, see Table 1. Map created using LHS Stuttgart (Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart, Stadtmessungsamt & Arbeitsgemeinschaft Geoinformationssysteme—GIS- AG; https://gis6.stuttgart.de/maps/index.html?karte=leben&embedded=false#basemap=0).

FIGURE 2. A in Identification based on morphological and molecular characters of Phassus huebneri (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), a ghost moth feeding on blackberry in Michoacán, Mexico: its biology and parasitoids

FIGURE 2. A phenogram inferred using the Neighbor-Joining method based on COI mitochondrial DNA partial sequences showing the relationship of nine samples from Mexico, Guatemala, and Costa Rica. Reference sequences from the different species of Phassus and the extern group (Gymelloxes terea) were downloaded from GenBank (see Table 1).

FIGURE 1 in Identification based on morphological and molecular characters of Phassus huebneri (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Hepialidae), a ghost moth feeding on blackberry in Michoacán, Mexico: its biology and parasitoids

FIGURE 1. Phassus huebneri. (a) and (b) dorsal view of female and males, respectively, with extended wings (scale: 1 cm); (c) dorsal view of female in resting position; (d) dorsal view of larva; (e) and (f) typical signs of infestation and larva into the blackberry tunnel stem, respectively; (g) and (h) ventral view of the last abdominal segments of a pupa of male (with a small ridge on a circular area on the abdominal segment IX) and female (showing a differentiated longitudinal incision), respectively; (i) pupa over tunnel entrance, exposing their head and thorax, and (j) dorsal view of infertile eggs of 8 hours old. *Mexico, Colima, Comala, 1600 m, 19°27′ N 103°42′ W, 3–11.VI.2000, V.O. Becker leg.; CGCM 14.344 (CGCM). **Mexico, Michoacán, 25.VI.2008, Hwy. Villa Victoria—Coalcoman, Los Laureles, 18°42′ 16.86″N, 103°23′ 32.76″W, 1540 m, J. Haxaire & O. Paquit leg.; CGCM 23.361 (CGCM). CGCM—Collection Carlos G. C. Mielke, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

Figure 2. Non-genitalic morphological character states. A in Phylogenetic analysis of the predatory plant bug subfamily Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 2. Non-genitalic morphological character states. A, Deraeocoris oliƲaceus; B, Stethoconus japonicus; C, Deraeocoris sp.; D, Termatophylum hikosanum; E, Bothynotus pilosus; F, Bothynotus sp. in ventral view; G, Saturniomiris lugens (Chan & Cassis, 2020); H, Surinamella doesburgi (from Ferreira et al., 2015); I, Eustictus grossus; J, Amberderaeous gigophthalmus in amber. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 3. Genitalic morphological character states. A-M in Phylogenetic analysis of the predatory plant bug subfamily Deraeocorinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae) based on molecular and morphological data

Figure 3. Genitalic morphological character states. A-M, male genitalia; N-O, female genitalia. A-F, left paramere; G-I, right paramere; J-M, endosoma; N, genital chamber; O, valvula. A, H, Deraeocoris ulmi; B, J, Alloeotomus germanicus; C, M, Deraeocoris flaƲilinea; D, Stethoconus japonicus; E, Deraeocoris claspericapilatus; F, G, L, Deraeocoris salicis; I, Deraeocoris oliƲaceus; K, Deraeocoris ater; N, Deraeocoris ribauti; O, Deraeocoris serenus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

dryad32/100

Supplemental data for: Classification of the Celastrales based on integration of genomic, morphological, and Sanger-sequence characters

We present the best sampled phylogenetic analysis of Celastrales, with respect to both character and taxon sampling, and use it to present a natural classification of the order. Parnassiaceae are highly supported as sister to Celastraceae; we recognize both families as distinct. Pottingeria is highly supported as a member of an early derived lineage within Celastraceae. We recognize and circumscribe 13 subfamilies in Celastraceae, including the new subfamilies Crossopetaloideae, Maytenoideae, Microtropioideae, Monimopetaloideae, and Salaciopsioideae. We identified five genera that likely require generic recircumscriptions: Cassine, Elachyptera, Gymnosporia, Salacia, and Semialarium. Genera that had not been previously sampled in Sanger-sequence-based studies are resolved as follows: Arnicratea is sister to Reissantia, Bequaertia is in a clade with Campylostemon and Tristemonanthus, Goniodiscus is sister to Wilczekra, Ptelidium is nested within Elaeodendron, and Tetrasiphon is most closely related to Gyminda.

opennotspecifiedJan 2019View details →

Fig. 2. Anther morphology showing the diagnostic characters for the three subfamilies. A in A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data

Fig. 2. Anther morphology showing the diagnostic characters for the three subfamilies. A, Linconieae with anthers ending apically in a conspicuous sterile tip; B, Audouinieae with anthers lacking the sterile tip; thecae connate along their entire length; C, Brunieae with versatile anthers, sterile tip lacking (after Quint & Classen-Bockhoff, 2006a).

Figure 5 in Comparative morphological study of the gnathochilarium of millipedes of the suborder Cambalidea (Juliformia: Spirostreptida) assessed by discrete and morphometric character approaches

Figure 5. Landmarks used in the morphometric analysis (see Table 3). A, Pseudonannolene typica; B, consensus of landmarks for the matrix MPr (Supporting Information, Table S1); C, vectorial points for all examined species for the matrix MPr; D, Cambalomma laeƲis; E, consensus of landmarks for the matrix eM (Supporting Information, Table S2); F, vectorial points for all examined species for the matrix eM.

Figure 2 in Comparative morphological study of the gnathochilarium of millipedes of the suborder Cambalidea (Juliformia: Spirostreptida) assessed by discrete and morphometric character approaches

Figure 2. Systematic history of cambalidean families and their classification proposed by different authors. The current classification is based on Shear (2011) and Enghoff et al. (2015).

Figure 18 in Comparative morphological study of the gnathochilarium of millipedes of the suborder Cambalidea (Juliformia: Spirostreptida) assessed by discrete and morphometric character approaches

Figure 18. Schematic drawing of the gnathochilarium and its components. A, Pseudonannolene typica; B, Epinannolene sp.; C, Cambalomma laeƲis; D, Leiodere torreyana. The dashed line refers to the fusion of promentum/mentum.

Figure 13 in Comparative morphological study of the gnathochilarium of millipedes of the suborder Cambalidea (Juliformia: Spirostreptida) assessed by discrete and morphometric character approaches

Figure 13. Morphological variation of the gnathochilarium. A, Eumastigonus sp. (NHMD); B, Jarmilka alba (MCZ); C, Leiodere torreyana (NHMD); D, Cambala annulata (NHMD); E, Dimerogonus orophilus (NHMD); F, Choctella hubrichti (NHMD). Images taken not to scale. Abbreviations: cd, cardo; in, inner palpus; ll, lamellae linguales; mt, mentum; ot, outer palpus; pm, promentum; ps, posmentum; st, stipes.

Figure 1 in Comparative morphological study of the gnathochilarium of millipedes of the suborder Cambalidea (Juliformia: Spirostreptida) assessed by discrete and morphometric character approaches

Figure 1. Scanning electronic microscope image of the gnathochilarium of Pseudonannolene robsoni (Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil), ventral view.

Figure 17 in Comparative morphological study of the gnathochilarium of millipedes of the suborder Cambalidea (Juliformia: Spirostreptida) assessed by discrete and morphometric character approaches

Figure 17. Schematic drawing of the gnathochilarium and its components. A, Cambala annulata; B, Amastigogonus fossuliger; C, Chonecambala crassicauda; D, Bilingulus sinicus (Pericambalinae) [modified from Zhang & Li (1981)].

Figure 4 in Comparative morphological study of the gnathochilarium of millipedes of the suborder Cambalidea (Juliformia: Spirostreptida) assessed by discrete and morphometric character approaches

Figure 4. Results of strict consensus based on the discrete dataset for the matrices MPr (mentum + promentum; A) and eM (elongated mentum; B) with the values of branch support. The Bremer relative support is highlighted in yellow and symmetric resampling in green. Only values of support above 40 GC (group present/contradicted) are shown.