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8,729 results for “Ranges”
Globular Cluster Abundances from High-Resolution, Integrated-Light Spectroscopy. II. Expanding the Metallicity Range for Old Clusters and Updated Analysis Techniques
<p>Data from:</p> <p> Globular Cluster Abundances from High-Resolution, Integrated-Light Spectroscopy.<br> II. Expanding the Metallicity Range for Old Clusters and Updated Analysis Techniques (Astrophysical Journal)</p> <p> J. E. Colucci, R. A. Bernstein, A. McWilliam, Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science</p> <p>This repository contains reduced globular cluster integrated light echelle spectra in IRAF readable format. <br> NOTE: Spectra are *not* flux calibrated or doppler corrected. Sky/Background emission and absorption lines <br> are present. See reference paper for data reduction details.</p> <p>For each globular cluster:<br> <br> 1. *Approximately* normalized spectra are found in files ending with "ils_normalized.fits." The echelle<br> blaze function normalization was performed with an order by order fit to spectra of a reference G-type star.</p> <p> 2. Unnormalized spectra are found in files ending with "ils.fits." These spectra are not flux calibrated so do not<br> use the count values in each order for science purposes. </p> <p><br> Spectra for the globular clusters NGC 104, NGC 362, NGC 2808, NGC 6093, NGC 6397, NGC 6752 were <br> taken with the DuPont telescope. A reference star spectrum associated with the DuPont data is included : hr914_std.fits</p> <p>Spectra for the globular clusters NGC 6388, NGC 6440, NGC 6441, NGC 6528, NGC 6553 were taken with the <br> MIKE spectrograph on Magellan Clay. A reference star spectrum associated with this data is included: ltt9239_std.fits</p> <p>Spectra for the globular cluster Fornax 3 was taken with the MIKE spectrograph on Magellan Clay on a different run. <br> A reference star spectrum associated with this data is included: hd033771_std.fits</p> <p>This research was supported by an NSF Astronomy and Astrophysics Postdoctoral Fellowship under award AST-1302710.</p>
Empirical Stellar Templates Associated with "An Empirical Template Library of Stellar Spectra for a Wide Range of Spectral Classes, Luminosity Classes, and Metallicities Using SDSS BOSS Spectra"
<p>This is the dataset of empirical stellar templates associated with the publication "An Empirical Template Library of Stellar Spectra for a Wide Range of Spectral Classes, Luminosity Classes, and Metallicities Using SDSS BOSS Spectra", which has been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Supplements. </p>
Synthetic spectrum covering the optical range (3000 to 10000 angstrom)
<p>NWKZKA.spr lists in two columns a surface stellar model flux (Eddington flux): column (1) wavelength in units of angstrom, and column (2) the flux in units of erg/cm^2/s/angstrom/steradian.</p>
Miniature multihole airflow sensor for lightweight aircraft over wide speed and angular range
<p>This repository contains:</p> <ul> <li>the data collected for the paper "Miniature multihole airflow sensor for lightweight aircraft over wide speed and angular range"</li> <li>the python code to extract the wind tunnel and flight data to reproduce the plots in the paper</li> <li>the exact polynomials used for the calibration</li> <li>the 3D object files of the airflow sensor</li> <li>the schematics of the PCB</li> <li>the video of the flown manoeuvres (available on youtube: https://youtu.be/U3nR1v3fbZg)</li> </ul> <p>The data and the plots are included in the repository, but can be reproduced by running the python scripts in the following order:</p> <ol> <li>Code/reduce_data.py</li> <li>Code/plot_averages.py</li> <li>Code/read_tunnel.py</li> <li>Code/Regress.py</li> <li>Code/Validation_plot.py</li> </ol>
Taxonomic Uncertainty on Range Size and Niche Estimation in a Southern Ocean Cryptic Species Complex
<p>R code and data related to assessing the effect of taxonomic uncertainty on range size and environmental niche estimates for a Southern Ocean invertebrate. </p> <p>Clarke, D.A., Wilson, N.G. and McGeoch, M.A. (2025) ‘Effects of Taxonomic Uncertainty on Range Size and Niche Estimation in a Southern Ocean Cryptic Species Complex’, Journal of Biogeography, n/a(n/a), p. e15182. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.15182.</p>
Dataset for "ConfSolv: Prediction of solute conformer free energies across a range of solvents"
<p>This dataset contains three archives. The first archive, full_dataset.zip, contains geometries and free energies for nearly 44,000 solute molecules with almost 9 million conformers, in 42 different solvents. The geometries and gas phase free energies are computed using density functional theory (DFT). The solvation free energy for each conformer is computed using COSMO-RS and the solution free energies are computed using the sum of the gas phase free energies and the solvation free energies. The geometries for each solute conformer are provided as ASE_atoms_objects within a pandas DataFrame, found in the compressed file dft coords.pkl.gz within full_dataset.zip. The gas-phase energies, solvation free energies, and solution free energies are also provided as a pandas DataFrame in the compressed file free_energy.pkl.gz within full_dataset.zip. Ten example data splits for both random and scaffold split types are also provided in the ZIP archive for training models. Scaffold split index 0 is used to generate results in the corresponding publication. </p><p>The second archive, refined_conf_search.zip, contains geometries and free energies for a representative sample of 28 solute molecules from the full dataset that were subject to a refined conformer search and thus had more conformers located. The format of the data is identical to full_dataset.zip.</p><p>The third archive contains one folder for each solvent for which we have provided free energies in full_dataset.zip. Each folder contains the .cosmo file for every solvent conformer used in the COSMOtherm calculations, a dummy input file for the COSMOtherm calculations, and a CSV file that contains the electronic energy of each solvent conformer that needs to be substituted for "EH_Line" in the dummy input file.</p>
Data for testing the assumption of fractal scaling in canopy surfaces across a diverse range of forest types
<p>This is a collection of scripts and research data for a study on whether canopy surfaces follow fractal scaling laws across a diverse range of forest types. The article citation is: <span>Fischer, F. J.</span>, & <span>Jucker, T.</span> (<span>2024</span>). <span>No evidence for fractal scaling in canopy surfaces across a diverse range of forest types</span>. <em>Journal of Ecology</em>, <span>112</span>, <span>470</span>–<span>486</span>. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14244">https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14244</a>.</p> <p>As data, we use canopy height models (CHMs) from 9 Australian research sites belonging to the Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (TERN). Their extent is 5 km x 5 km throughout. The underlying data can be found here: https://portal.tern.org.au/metadata/TERN/4ff0b4c9-cfa0-4d09-9520-b5402adc583f. Climatic data are extracted from the CHELSA climatology 1981-2010 (Brun et al. 2022: Global climate-related predictors at kilometer resolution for the past and future. Earth System Science Data, 14(12), 5573–5603. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-5573-2022; Karger et al. 2017: Climatologies at high resolution for the earth's land surface areas. Scientific Data, 4(1), 170122. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017.122).</p> <p>Each uploaded zip-file corresponds to a folder within a common repository. To reproduce our analysis, unpack into the same folder, upholding naming conventions and overall structure. Please note that some parts of the analysis require external software, e.g., GRASS GIS for the generation of simulated fractal surfaces. Paths need to be reset accordingly. </p> <p><strong>rscripts.zip:</strong> </p> <ul> <li>the overall R script ("areforestsfractals_v3.R") used to generate fractal surfaces, calculate fractal statistics from CHMs and simulated surfaces, and to carry out the analysis</li> <li>various summary statistics saved both as RData and csv files</li> </ul> <p><strong>TERN.zip:</strong></p> <ul> <li>data within this folder are ordered by site name</li> <li>for each site, we include several CHMs, their corresponding DSMs (digital surface models) and DTMs (digital terrain models), as well as ancillary layers (pulse densities of laser scans)</li> <li>for each site and each CHM/DSM, we also save the fractal scaling properties in separate csv files</li> </ul> <p><strong>TERNtrees.zip:</strong></p> <ul> <li>data within this folder are ordered by site name</li> <li>for each site, we include manual delineations of the largest trees per 1 km x 1 km square (25 in total)</li> <li>for each site, we include subplots of the CHM (200 m x 200 m) centred around the largest tree</li> </ul> <p><strong>climate.zip:</strong></p> <ul> <li>climate layers from CHELSA for precipitation and site water balance</li> </ul> <p><strong>terrain_fractal.zip:</strong></p> <ul> <li>simulated fractal surfaces, based on different generating algorithms</li> <li>fractal scaling properties of simulated fractal surfaces in separate csv files</li> </ul> <p><strong>sites_coordinates.csv</strong></p> <ul> <li>lon/lat coordinates of each site</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range-limited fossorial rodent - nuclear genomic genotypes
<p>Genotype likelihood (GMR_minind40_mmaf0.05_glf2.beagle.gz) and pseudohaploid calls (GMR_minind40_mmaf0.05_glf2.haplo.gz) used for the nuclear genomic analyses in the manuscript "Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range-limited fossorial rodent".</p><p>The order of the individuals in each file is listed in Names.txt</p><p> </p>
Gigantic animal cells suggest organellar scaling mechanisms across a 50-fold range in cell volume
<p>Across the tree of life, cell size varies by orders of magnitude, and organelles scale to maintain cell function. Depending on their shape, organelles can scale by increasing volume, length, or number. Scaling may also reflect demands placed on organelles by increased cell size. The 8,653 species of amphibians exhibit diverse cell sizes, providing a powerful system to investigate organellar scaling. Using transmission electron microscopy and stereology, we analyzed three frog and salamander species whose enterocyte cell volumes range from 228 to 10,593 μm3. We show that the nucleus increases in radius while the mitochondria increase in total network length; the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, with their complex shapes, are intermediate. Notably, all four organelles increase in volume proportionate to cell volume. This pattern suggests that protein concentrations are the same across amphibian species that differ 50-fold in cell size, and that organellar building blocks are incorporated into more or larger organelles following the same "rules" across cell sizes, despite variation in metabolic and transport demands. This conclusion contradicts results from experimental cell size increases, which produce severe proteome dilution. We hypothesize that salamanders have evolved the biosynthetic capacity to maintain a functional proteome despite a huge cell volume. </p>
Data for "Impact of Precipitation Mass Sinks on Midlatitude Storms in Idealized GCM Simulations over a Wide Range of Climates"
<p>Code, simulation input files, and postprocessed simulation output data supporting "Impact of Precipitation Mass Sinks on Midlatitude Storms in Idealized GCM Simulations over a Wide Range of Climates", submitted to Weather and Climate Dynamics. Enclosed README file provides detailed descriptions of the archive contents.</p>
Cortical somatostatin long-range projection neurons and interneurons exhibit divergent developmental trajectories
<p>Spatial transcriptomic data with 94 gene panels on P5 mouse neocortex. Files here include raw tiff files, results/spot counts, DAPI files for ROI segmentation, ROI segmented, final measurement with annotated region and counts. </p>
Drivers and mechanisms that contribute to microbial β-diversity patterns and range sizes in mountains across a climatic variability gradient
<p>Microbial communities are highly diverse, yet the mechanisms underlying microbial community assembly are not well understood. Janzen's mountain passes hypothesis proposed that climatic barriers and dispersal limitation shape communities to a greater extent in mountains with lower climatic variability and overlap, permitting higher levels of species coexistence. Here, we investigate changes in microbial community dissimilarities, distributional range sizes and ecological processes along elevational gradients in three montane ecosystems representing a climatic variability gradient. We found that climate, climatic variability and spatial distance play dominating roles in affecting microbial β-diversity patterns and range sizes along elevational gradients. Janzen's mountain passes hypothesis can be applied for microbial community assembly: mountains with lower climatic variability and higher climatic difference between elevations exhibited higher β-diversity, higher endemism, lower range sizes, and steeper distance-decay trends. However, microbial communities experience clear climate-driven limited range sizes and dispersal processes and show typical endemic patterns in all mountain ecosystems. Our results emphasize the importance of dispersal and climatic niche processes in shaping montane biodiversity. As a result, changes in climate may significantly impact soil biodiversity in montane ecosystems by altering the effects of dispersal limitation and climatic variability on bacterial and fungal community composition along elevational gradients.</p>
Data from: Disparate home range dynamics reflect nutritional inadequacies on summer range for a large herbivore
<p>The spatial distribution of animals has consequences for nutrition, predator-prey dynamics, spread of diseases, and population dynamics in general. Animals must establish a home range to secure adequate resources to fuel their energetic needs. Home ranges, therefore, are temporally and spatially dynamic given the changing requirements of an animal and the availability of resources on the landscape. We used data from two populations of bighorn sheep with contrasting population dynamics following pneumonia epizootics and different habitat quality on their summer range to test the hypothesis that the distribution and size of home ranges are influenced by environmental conditions and reproductive status. We used a combination of data from 768 vegetation transects and remotely sensed metrics to index forage quality of consecutive biweekly home ranges for 27 bighorn sheep, June–August 2019–2021. There were population differences in space use that were consistent with resource limitations in the population declining in abundance. Animals in both populations increased the area of their space use through the summer in association with declining forage quality indexed by plant phenology. Furthermore, animals in the Whiskey Mountain population without live offspring used areas more than twice the size of animals with offspring, whereas there were no differences in the area of space use between animals with and without offspring in Jackson. We demonstrated that limitations young offspring impose on space use of a mother may have consequences for animals living where larger home ranges are needed to secure adequate resources—sheep in Whiskey Mountain had to travel 1,000 m from escape terrain to access the same amount of biomass that the Jackson sheep could access directly adjacent to escape terrain. Forage quality and availability influence movement and home range dynamics. In the presence of disease, movement and home range dynamics may influence pathogen transmission and persistence. Thus, forage availability may play an indirect role in population dynamics in the presence of disease, which is another line of evidence for how environmental and nutritional conditions may influence population dynamics of populations coping with disease.</p>
Impact of climate on a host-hyperparasite interaction on Arabica coffee in its native range
<p>Natural enemies of plant pathogens might play an important role in controlling plant disease levels in natural and agricultural systems. Yet, plant pathogen-natural enemy interactions might be sensitive to climatic changes. Understanding the relationship between climate, plant pathogens, and their natural enemies is thus important for developing climate-resilient, sustainable agriculture.</p> <p>To this aim, we recorded shade cover, daily minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, coffee leaf rust, and its hyperparasite at 58 sites in southwestern Ethiopia during the dry and wet season for two years. </p> <p>Coffee leaf rust severity was positively related to the maximum temperature. Hyperparasite severity was higher when the minimum temperature was low (i.e. in places with cold night temperatures). While canopy cover did not have a direct effect on rust severity, it reduced rust severity indirectly by lowering the maximum temperature. Canopy cover had a direct positive effect on the hyperparasite severity during one surveying period. </p> <p><em><strong>Synthesis and applications.</strong></em> Our findings highlight that coffee leaf rust and its hyperparasite are both affected by shade cover and temperature, but in different ways. On the one hand, these niche differences lead to the worrying prediction that levels of coffee leaf rust will increase, and its hyperparasite will decrease, with climate change. On the other hand, these niche differences between coffee leaf rust and its hyperparasite provide opportunities to develop strategies to manage the environment (such as shade cover and microclimate) in such a way that the rust is disfavored and the hyperparasite is favored.</p>
Data from: Differences in foraging range between white-tailed tropicbirds breeding on inner and outer Seychelles Islands
<p>The foraging ecology and distribution of Phaethontiformes, an order of tropical seabirds, remains generally poorly understood, despite being essential to inform their conservation. Here, we tracked, for the first time, the foraging movements of breeding white-tailed tropicbirds <em>Phaethon lepturus</em>, a common but poorly studied seabird, in the Indian Ocean. We compared the foraging movements and habitat preferences of 2 populations, one from Aride Island in the inner Seychelles and the other from Aldabra Atoll in the outer Seychelles, ca. 1200 km to the southwest. We found considerable differences in foraging trip metrics between populations, with birds from Aride having an average foraging range 2 times greater (231 km on Aride vs. 105 km on Aldabra), and both populations feeding far beyond the protected areas around their respective colony. We also found differences in foraging range between incubation and chick-rearing stages and sexes. Using habitat models, we highlight the birds' preference for deep waters, which may explain the greater foraging range of Aride birds, although human activities may also play a role. Our study provides unprecedented insight into the foraging ecology of white-tailed tropicbirds in the Western Indian Ocean.</p>
Jabal Maqla, Arabian al-Lawz Range — Mt. Sinai?
Jabal Maqla in the al-Lawz Mountain Range, Saudi Arabia. Many have proposed this or nearby Jabal al-lawz to be the true location of Mount Sinai as described in the Bible's book of Exodus. There are a number of locations surrounding it which have also been tenatively identified with the location, including a possible golden calf altar, cave of Elijah, Altar of Moses, and 12 pillars representing the 12 tribes of Israel. Proper archaeological work is needed to better understand this location and weigh in on the proposed theories. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Biogeographic affiliation and centers of richness as predictors of elevational range-size patterns for Malesian flora
<p>Our goal was to interrogate the idea that "mountain passes are higher in the tropics" by investigating ecological and biogeographic drivers of elevational range-sizes patterns among equatorial flora. We used herbarium records for sixty species-rich plant families, representing 18535 species total, to estimate distributions over a 4500 m elevational gradient. For each family, we estimated the change in average range-sizes with increasing elevation (i.e. Rapoport's rule, abbreviated as ERR) and quantified 15 metrics of familial richness distribution, evolutionary age, and biogeographic affiliation. We visualized covariation across families using phylogenetic principal components analysis (pPCA). We then evaluated how family-level ERR slopes correlated with each metric individually, as well as when using multivariate techniques to reduce dimensionality. We hypothesized that if long term climate stability over millions of years promotes habitat specialization, then among taxa with longer-term tropical affiliations, we would expect smaller range-sizes within lowland forests, with greater range-size expansion towards higher elevations, expressed as a positive ERR slope. Conversely, variation in growing conditions should promote larger, relatively consistent, range-sizes at all sections of an elevational gradient, expressed as a neutral ERR slope. Our results support this corollary because of the dichotomy of ERR slopes observed in relation to the elevational distribution of richness and historical biogeographic positioning. We found that families with greater Sundaland endemism, or richness that was restricted to tropical lowland forests, had positive ERR slopes. Families with stronger Sahul affiliation, or montane centered richness, had shallower, neutral, or negative ERR slopes, as did clades with temperate origins. Families with Wallacea affiliation, broader latitudinal or elevational distributions, cosmopolitanism, greater richness, or older evolutionary age had mixed results. We conclude that the relative steepness of an ERR slope is an indicator of a taxonomic group's tolerance of habitat variation and vulnerability to contemporary climate change.</p>
Recolonization of secondary forests by a locally extinct Caribbean anole through the lens of range expansion theory
<p>Disturbance and recovery dynamics are characteristic features of many ecosystems. Disturbance dynamics are widely studied in ecology and conservation biology. Still, we know less about the ecological processes that drive ecosystem recovery. The ecological processes that mediate ecosystem recovery stand at the intersection of many theoretical frameworks. Range expansion theory is one of these complementary frameworks that can provide unique insights into the population-level processes that mediate ecosystem recovery, particularly fauna recolonization. Although the biodiversity patterns that follow fauna recolonization of recovering forests have been well described in the literature, the ecological processes at the population level that drive these patterns remain conspicuously unknown. In this study, we tested three fundamental predictions of range expansion theory during the recolonization of recovering forests in Puerto Rico by a shade specialist anole, <em>Anolis</em> <em>gundlachi</em>. Range expansion theory predicts that individuals at the early stages of recolonization (i.e., younger forests) would have a high prevalence of dispersive traits, experience less density dependence, and suffer less parasitism. To test these predictions, we conducted a chronosequence study applying space-for-time substitution where we compared phenotypic traits (i.e., body size, body condition, and relative limb size), population density, population growth rates, and <em>Plasmodium</em> parasitism rates among lizard populations living in young (< 30 years), mid (40–60 years), and old-growth forests (> 75 years). Lizard populations in younger forests had lower densities, higher population growth rates, and lower rates of <em>Plasmodium</em> parasitism compared with old-growth forests. Still, while we found that individuals had larger body sizes, and longer forelimbs in young forests in one site, this result was not consistent among sites. This suggests a potential trade-off between the traits that provide a dispersal advantage during the initial stages of recolonization and those that are advantageous to establish in novel environmental conditions. Overall, our study emphasizes the suitability of range expansion theory to describe fauna recolonization but also highlights that the ecological processes that drive recolonization are time-dependent, complex, and nuanced.</p>
High-resolution environmental and host-related factors impacting questing Ixodes scapularis at their northern range edge
<p>The geographic range of tick populations has expanded in Canada due to climate warming and the associated poleward range shifts of their vertebrate hosts. Abiotic factors, such as temperature, precipitation, and snow, are known to directly affect tick abundance. Yet, biotic factors, such as the abundance and diversity of mammal hosts, may also alter tick abundance and consequent tick-borne disease risk. Here, we incorporated host surveillance data with high-resolution environmental data to evaluate the combined impact of abiotic and biotic factors on questing <em>Ixodes scapularis </em>abundance in Ontario and Quebec, Canada. High-resolution abiotic factors were derived from remote sensing satellites and meteorological towers, while biotic factors related to mammal hosts were derived from active surveillance data that we collected in the field. Generalized additive models were used to determine the relative importance of abiotic and biotic factors on questing <em>I. scapularis</em> abundance. Combinations of abiotic and biotic factors were identified as important drivers of abundances of questing <em>I. scapularis</em>. Positive and negative linear relationships were found for questing <em>I. scapularis </em>abundance with precipitation and accumulated snow, but no effect was found for the relative abundance of white-footed mice. Positive relationships were also identified between questing <em>I. scapularis </em>abundance with monthly mean precipitation and mammal species richness. Therefore, future studies that assess <em>I. scapularis </em>should incorporate host surveillance data with high-resolution environmental factors to determine the key drivers impacting the<em> </em>abundance and geographic spread of tick populations and tick-borne pathogens.</p>
Aligning renewable energy expansion with climate-driven range shifts
<p>Fossil fuel dependence can be reduced, in part, by renewable energy (RE) expansion. Increasingly, RE siting seeks to avoid significant impacts on biodiversity but rarely considers how species ranges will shift under climate change. Here, we undertake a systematic literature review on the topic and overlay future RE siting maps with the ranges of two threatened species under future climate scenarios to highlight this potential conflict.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.