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Subspecies and Distribution. P.r.rusticusTomes,1861—scatteredrecordsfromWAfricafromSenegaltoEEthiopiaalongwithNUgandaandWCKenya. P. r. marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 — S Africa in SE Angola, Zambia, NE Namibia, N Botswana, Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa; perhaps also Malawi, although specimens from that region need to be reexamined and are not mapped here. There is also a record from E Tanzania, although its subspecific identity is uncertain. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.r.rusticusTomes,1861—scatteredrecordsfromWAfricafromSenegaltoEEthiopiaalongwithNUgandaandWCKenya. P. r. marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 — S Africa in SE Angola, Zambia, NE Namibia, N Botswana, Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa; perhaps also Malawi, although specimens from that region need to be reexamined and are not mapped here. There is also a record from E Tanzania, although its subspecific identity is uncertain.
Subspecies and Distribution. N. n. noctula Schreber, 1774 — throughout Europe from Great Britain, France, and Spain E to W Russia, W Kazakhstan, and SW Turkmenistan, including S Scandinavia, Gotland and Oland Is, and Cyprus (Cyprus records somewhat tentatively regarded as this subspecies). Absent throughout much of Iberia and is locally extinct in Portugal. N. n. lebanoticus D. L.. Harrison, 1962 — WC & SW Syria, Lebanon, and NE Israel. N. n. mecklenburzevi Kuzyakin, 1934 — SC & E Kazakhstan, SC Russia, W Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and NW China (Xinjiang). The species may be present in N Africa, with two records claimed from Algeria in 1858, but these may represent N. lasiopterus; further sampling is needed. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. N. n. noctula Schreber, 1774 — throughout Europe from Great Britain, France, and Spain E to W Russia, W Kazakhstan, and SW Turkmenistan, including S Scandinavia, Gotland and Oland Is, and Cyprus (Cyprus records somewhat tentatively regarded as this subspecies). Absent throughout much of Iberia and is locally extinct in Portugal. N. n. lebanoticus D. L.. Harrison, 1962 — WC & SW Syria, Lebanon, and NE Israel. N. n. mecklenburzevi Kuzyakin, 1934 — SC & E Kazakhstan, SC Russia, W Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and NW China (Xinjiang). The species may be present in N Africa, with two records claimed from Algeria in 1858, but these may represent N. lasiopterus; further sampling is needed.
Distribution. Recorded from three localities in W & C Ethiopia (Beko River, Yamboshi River, and Chercher Mts) and three localities in W Kenya (Marsabit Lake, Mt Gargues, and Ngong); there is an apparent record from Tana Lake in NW Ethiopia, but it does not seem to represent this species (most likely P. hesperidus hesperidus). in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. Recorded from three localities in W & C Ethiopia (Beko River, Yamboshi River, and Chercher Mts) and three localities in W Kenya (Marsabit Lake, Mt Gargues, and Ngong); there is an apparent record from Tana Lake in NW Ethiopia, but it does not seem to represent this species (most likely P. hesperidus hesperidus).
Subspecies and Distribution. P.h.hesperidusTemminck,1840—EAfricainEritrea,Djibouti,Ethiopia,SWSudan,SouthSudan,andNE&SSomalia. P.h.fuscatusThomas,1901—EAfricainEDRCongo,Uganda,Kenya,Rwanda,Burundi,andTanzania. P. h. subtilis Sundevall, 1846 — S Africa in NC, C & W Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, NC Botswana, E & South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, and along the W coast of Madagascar. There are also records on Canary and Cape Verde Is and in W Africa in W & SE Senegal, N Liberia, SE Ivory Coast, SC Burkina Faso, SE Ghana, SW Niger, NC Nigeria, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, although exact placement of these populations among taxa currently recognized under the P. hesperidus species complex is uncertain. A thorough investigation of records of this species is needed. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.h.hesperidusTemminck,1840—EAfricainEritrea,Djibouti,Ethiopia,SWSudan,SouthSudan,andNE&SSomalia. P.h.fuscatusThomas,1901—EAfricainEDRCongo,Uganda,Kenya,Rwanda,Burundi,andTanzania. P. h. subtilis Sundevall, 1846 — S Africa in NC, C & W Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, NC Botswana, E & South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, and along the W coast of Madagascar. There are also records on Canary and Cape Verde Is and in W Africa in W & SE Senegal, N Liberia, SE Ivory Coast, SC Burkina Faso, SE Ghana, SW Niger, NC Nigeria, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, although exact placement of these populations among taxa currently recognized under the P. hesperidus species complex is uncertain. A thorough investigation of records of this species is needed.
Distribution. Known only confidently from holotype in NE part of N Peninsula of Sulawesi; there are apparently records from Tolai and Rurukan, N Sulawesi, and two other specimens from Tobelo, N Sulawesi, which are all located near type locality, but all of these specimens need to be reexamined to determine whether or not they truly represent this species. in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. Known only confidently from holotype in NE part of N Peninsula of Sulawesi; there are apparently records from Tolai and Rurukan, N Sulawesi, and two other specimens from Tobelo, N Sulawesi, which are all located near type locality, but all of these specimens need to be reexamined to determine whether or not they truly represent this species.
Distribution. Restricted to N Australia, including Top End region (including Melville and Bathurst Is) in Northern Territory and Cape York (including Prince ofWales I) in Queensland; there are several isolated records from E Queensland on Atherton Tableland, at Cape Hillsborough, and near Blackwater. in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. Restricted to N Australia, including Top End region (including Melville and Bathurst Is) in Northern Territory and Cape York (including Prince ofWales I) in Queensland; there are several isolated records from E Queensland on Atherton Tableland, at Cape Hillsborough, and near Blackwater.
Distribution. Patchily distributed from SW USA (SE Nevada, S Utah, and S Colorado) to S Mexico, the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola), and South America in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; it probably also occurs in French Guiana. Extralimital records are reported as far N as SW Canada (British Columbia). in Molossidae
Distribution. Patchily distributed from SW USA (SE Nevada, S Utah, and S Colorado) to S Mexico, the Greater Antilles (Cuba, Jamaica, and Hispaniola), and South America in Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and N Argentina; it probably also occurs in French Guiana. Extralimital records are reported as far N as SW Canada (British Columbia).
Subspecies and Distribution. R.m.muscatellumThomas,1903—EArabianPeninsulaatAl-HajarMts(EUnitedArabEmiratesandNEOman). R. m. secanum Thomas, 1913 — W & S Iran, S Afghanistan, and S Pakistan, up to 34° N; perhapsalso India, but records from Genji in Rajasthan and Gingee in Tamil Nadu are doubtful (suspected misidentification). in Rhinopomatidae
Subspecies and Distribution. R.m.muscatellumThomas,1903—EArabianPeninsulaatAl-HajarMts(EUnitedArabEmiratesandNEOman). R. m. secanum Thomas, 1913 — W & S Iran, S Afghanistan, and S Pakistan, up to 34° N; perhapsalso India, but records from Genji in Rajasthan and Gingee in Tamil Nadu are doubtful (suspected misidentification).
Distribution. Confirmed from NW Africa, the Sahel, and Nile Valley, E through the Middle East and WArabia to NW& C India (E to E Madhya Pradesh, 80° E); with possible distribution spots in E & SE India (indicated byfour mostlyhistorical records). Reportedly common in Bangladesh (yet disproved by recent reports) and retained on species lists of Myanmar, Thailand, and Sumatra without being supported by anyrecent record. in Rhinopomatidae
Distribution. Confirmed from NW Africa, the Sahel, and Nile Valley, E through the Middle East and WArabia to NW& C India (E to E Madhya Pradesh, 80° E); with possible distribution spots in E & SE India (indicated byfour mostlyhistorical records). Reportedly common in Bangladesh (yet disproved by recent reports) and retained on species lists of Myanmar, Thailand, and Sumatra without being supported by anyrecent record.
Distribution. Polycentric, W part of distribution restricted to narrow belt from SE Iraq to W margin of Strait of Hormuz in SW Iran, E part from E Afghanistan and N & E Pakistan to most of India. The E margin of distribution is not clear; extreme Indian record is from Calcutta, West Bengal, 88° E. in Rhinopomatidae
Distribution. Polycentric, W part of distribution restricted to narrow belt from SE Iraq to W margin of Strait of Hormuz in SW Iran, E part from E Afghanistan and N & E Pakistan to most of India. The E margin of distribution is not clear; extreme Indian record is from Calcutta, West Bengal, 88° E.
Subspecies and Distribution. M.s.spasmaLinnaeus.1758-TemateandHalmaheraIs(NMoluccas). M.s.abditumChasen,1940-AurI,offEPeninsularMalaysia. M.s.carimataeG.S.Miller.1906-KarimataI,offWBorneo. M. s. celebense Shamel, 1940 -Sulawesi. M.s.ceylonense K.Andersen,1918-SriIanka. M.s.horsfieldiBlvth,1863peninsularIndia. M.s.kinabaluChasen,1940-MtKinabaluinNBorneo. M.s.lasiaeLyon,1916-[asiaandBabils,offWSumatra. M.s.majusK.Andersen,1918mostofMyanmar,NElndia,andBangladesh. M.s.mediumK.Andersen,1918-Mal»Peninsula(includingTarutaol)andNSumatra. M.s.minusK.Andersen,1918—SChina(Yunnan),Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,andCambodia. M.s.natunae K.Andersen&Wroughton,1907—BunguranandNorthNatunaIs. M.s.niasenseLyon,1916-NiasandSiberutIs,offWSumatra. M.s.pangandaranaSody.1936-C8cEjava. M.s.philippinenseWaterhouse,1843-Philippines. M.s.siumatisLyon,1916—Siumatl,offWSumatra. M. s.trifolium E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810 -S Sumatra, Wjava, and Bomeo; also on South Natuna, Tarnbelan, Krakatau, and Kangean Is. Also recorded on Andaman Is, but subspecies involved not known. in Megadermatidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.s.spasmaLinnaeus.1758-TemateandHalmaheraIs(NMoluccas). M.s.abditumChasen,1940-AurI,offEPeninsularMalaysia. M.s.carimataeG.S.Miller.1906-KarimataI,offWBorneo. M. s. celebense Shamel, 1940 -Sulawesi. M.s.ceylonense K.Andersen,1918-SriIanka. M.s.horsfieldiBlvth,1863peninsularIndia. M.s.kinabaluChasen,1940-MtKinabaluinNBorneo. M.s.lasiaeLyon,1916-[asiaandBabils,offWSumatra. M.s.majusK.Andersen,1918mostofMyanmar,NElndia,andBangladesh. M.s.mediumK.Andersen,1918-Mal»Peninsula(includingTarutaol)andNSumatra. M.s.minusK.Andersen,1918—SChina(Yunnan),Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,andCambodia. M.s.natunae K.Andersen&Wroughton,1907—BunguranandNorthNatunaIs. M.s.niasenseLyon,1916-NiasandSiberutIs,offWSumatra. M.s.pangandaranaSody.1936-C8cEjava. M.s.philippinenseWaterhouse,1843-Philippines. M.s.siumatisLyon,1916—Siumatl,offWSumatra. M. s.trifolium E. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1810 -S Sumatra, Wjava, and Bomeo; also on South Natuna, Tarnbelan, Krakatau, and Kangean Is. Also recorded on Andaman Is, but subspecies involved not known.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.f.falcatus].E.Gray,1839—CubaandCaymanIs(GrandCaymanandCaymanBrac). P. f. haitiensisJ. A. Allen, 1908 — Dominican Republic and Haiti (Hispaniola I). A record from S Florida Keys may be an accidental occurrence. in Phyllostomidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.f.falcatus].E.Gray,1839—CubaandCaymanIs(GrandCaymanandCaymanBrac). P. f. haitiensisJ. A. Allen, 1908 — Dominican Republic and Haiti (Hispaniola I). A record from S Florida Keys may be an accidental occurrence.
Distribution. Panama (Barro Colorado I), Venezuela, the Guianas, and Brazil (N Amazon Basin S to Serra do Roncador in Mato Grosso, and a single record from the Atlantic Forest in Paraiba); also on Bonaire and Trinidad Is. in Phyllostomidae
Distribution. Panama (Barro Colorado I), Venezuela, the Guianas, and Brazil (N Amazon Basin S to Serra do Roncador in Mato Grosso, and a single record from the Atlantic Forest in Paraiba); also on Bonaire and Trinidad Is.
Subspecies and Distribution. A.p.phaeotisG.S.Miller,1902—E&SEMexico(fromVeracruztoYucatanPeninsula),NGuatemala,Belize,Honduras,ENicaragua,ECostaRica,PanamaandWColombia. A.p.nanusK.Andersen,1906—W&SWMexico(fromSinaloatoOaxaca). A. p. palatinus W. B. Davis, 1970 — S Mexico (SW Chiapas), S Guatemala, W El Salvador, W Nicaragua, and W Costa Rica. Records from W Ecuador and N Peru are unverified; they could represent the Little Fruit-eating Bat (A. ravus), which was thought to be part of this taxon. Those from Venezuela, N Brazil, and Guyana probably represent misidentifications. in Phyllostomidae
Subspecies and Distribution. A.p.phaeotisG.S.Miller,1902—E&SEMexico(fromVeracruztoYucatanPeninsula),NGuatemala,Belize,Honduras,ENicaragua,ECostaRica,PanamaandWColombia. A.p.nanusK.Andersen,1906—W&SWMexico(fromSinaloatoOaxaca). A. p. palatinus W. B. Davis, 1970 — S Mexico (SW Chiapas), S Guatemala, W El Salvador, W Nicaragua, and W Costa Rica. Records from W Ecuador and N Peru are unverified; they could represent the Little Fruit-eating Bat (A. ravus), which was thought to be part of this taxon. Those from Venezuela, N Brazil, and Guyana probably represent misidentifications.
Distribution. Currently known from Pacific slope of Colombia and NW Ecuador; unconfirmed record from SW Panama. in Phyllostomidae
Distribution. Currently known from Pacific slope of Colombia and NW Ecuador; unconfirmed record from SW Panama.
Distribution. WC & NE Mexico from C Jalisco on Pacific slope and S Tamaulipas on Gulf slope S through Central America (absent from Yucatan Peninsula, N Guatemala, and Belize), to Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago Is, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; there is an extralimital record from S Arizona, USA, but this specimen might have been unintentionally imported. in Phyllostomidae
Distribution. WC & NE Mexico from C Jalisco on Pacific slope and S Tamaulipas on Gulf slope S through Central America (absent from Yucatan Peninsula, N Guatemala, and Belize), to Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad and Tobago Is, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia; there is an extralimital record from S Arizona, USA, but this specimen might have been unintentionally imported.
Distribution. Central America from Honduras to Panama and along coasts of W Colombia and NW Ecuador. In the literature, there have been two isolated records in the Amazonian Basin, including one in SE Peru, and one in Brazil that probably are misidentifications. in Phyllostomidae
Distribution. Central America from Honduras to Panama and along coasts of W Colombia and NW Ecuador. In the literature, there have been two isolated records in the Amazonian Basin, including one in SE Peru, and one in Brazil that probably are misidentifications.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.s.salviniDobson,1878—fromEMexico(SVeracruz)SthroughCentralAmericatoNW&WSouthAmerica,includingN&WVenezuela,N&WColombia,Ecuador,NW&EPeru,NE&WBrazil(Tocantins,Rondo6nia,andMatoGrosso),andBolivia.Brazilianrecordsaredubious,theycouldrepresenttheHairyBig-eyedBat(Chirodermavillosum). C. s. scopaeum Handley, 1966 — W Mexico (from S Chihuahua S to Oaxaca). Records from Guatemala correspond to subspecies salvina. in Phyllostomidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.s.salviniDobson,1878—fromEMexico(SVeracruz)SthroughCentralAmericatoNW&WSouthAmerica,includingN&WVenezuela,N&WColombia,Ecuador,NW&EPeru,NE&WBrazil(Tocantins,Rondo6nia,andMatoGrosso),andBolivia.Brazilianrecordsaredubious,theycouldrepresenttheHairyBig-eyedBat(Chirodermavillosum). C. s. scopaeum Handley, 1966 — W Mexico (from S Chihuahua S to Oaxaca). Records from Guatemala correspond to subspecies salvina.
Distribution. Known from two localities in SW Ecuador (El Oro Province); more recently, it has been recorded in the Pacific coast of Colombia (Choco and Valle del Cauca departments), and NW Peru (Tumbes Department). Known distribution is changing as existing specimens from NW South America (listed as S. Lilium parvidens) are reidentified as this species; new geographic and ecological information is being gathered in the process, and it could be locally common at some specific habitats. in Phyllostomidae
Distribution. Known from two localities in SW Ecuador (El Oro Province); more recently, it has been recorded in the Pacific coast of Colombia (Choco and Valle del Cauca departments), and NW Peru (Tumbes Department). Known distribution is changing as existing specimens from NW South America (listed as S. Lilium parvidens) are reidentified as this species; new geographic and ecological information is being gathered in the process, and it could be locally common at some specific habitats.
Distribution. NE Brazil, at E border of semiarid Caatinga ecoregion ("sertao") and Caatinga—Atlantic Forest ecotone ("agreste") of Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia states. Previous records outside this area could be misidentifications. in Phyllostomidae
Distribution. NE Brazil, at E border of semiarid Caatinga ecoregion ("sertao") and Caatinga—Atlantic Forest ecotone ("agreste") of Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia states. Previous records outside this area could be misidentifications.
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OpenNeuro
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