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opennotspecifiedNov 2018View details →

Figure 3 in Limited response of a spring bloom community inoculated with filamentous cyanobacteria to elevated temperature and pCO

Figure 3: Photosynthetic activity of phytoplankton in different temperature and pCO 2 treatments. (A) Maximum quantum yield: Fv/Fm. (B) Initial slope of the rapid light curve (photosynthetic efficiency): αPSII. (C) Minimum saturation irradiance: E (µmol photons m−2 s−1). (D) Maximum relative electron transport rate: rETR. Error bars indicate standard deviation, n = 3. k max

opennotspecifiedNov 2018View details →

Figure 2 in Limited response of a spring bloom community inoculated with filamentous cyanobacteria to elevated temperature and pCO

Figure 2: Inorganic nutrient concentrations in different temperature and pCO2 treatments. (A) Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN; NO − + NO −). (B) Dissolved inorganic silica (DISi). (C) Dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP). Error bars 3 2 indicate standard deviation, n = 3.

opennotspecifiedNov 2018View details →

Figure 5 in Limited response of a spring bloom community inoculated with filamentous cyanobacteria to elevated temperature and pCO

Figure 5: Heterotrophic bacterial abundance and bacterial production in different temperature and pCO2 treatments. (A) Bacterial abundance (109 cells l−1). (B) Cell-specific production (CSP, 10−9 µg C cell−1 d−1). Error bars indicate standard deviation, n = 3.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Elevation projections for the Mekong delta (Vietnam) under sedimentation strategies, subsidence, compaction, and sea-level rise

Modelled elevation projections for the Mekong delta (Vietnam) to 2050 under scenarios of fluvial sedimentation, organic accumulation, anthropogenic-accelerated subsidence, natural compaction, and global sea-level rise. Data is in meters above sea level and georeferenced (WGS84 UTM zone 48N). For methodology and detailed description of the data, please see Dunn and Minderhoud (2021) DOI to follow, in which part of the dataset is presented in Figure 6.

opennotspecifiedJan 2009View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. C. s. semistriatus Boddaert, 1785 — Colombia and Venezuela. C. s. amazonicus Lichtenstein, 1838 — NE & C Brazil. C. s. conepatl Gmelin, 1788 — SE Mexico (Veracruz and along coast to Campeche). C. s. quitensis Humboldt, 1812 — Ecuador. C. s. taxinus Thomas, 1924 — higher elevation in N Peru. C. s. trichurus Thomas, 1905 — Costa Rica, W Panama. C. s. yucatanicus Goldman, 1943 — SE Mexico (Yucatan & Quintana Roo), Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. C. s. zorrino Thomas, 1900 — low hot desert regions of N Peru. in Mephitidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C. s. semistriatus Boddaert, 1785 — Colombia and Venezuela. C. s. amazonicus Lichtenstein, 1838 — NE & C Brazil. C. s. conepatl Gmelin, 1788 — SE Mexico (Veracruz and along coast to Campeche). C. s. quitensis Humboldt, 1812 — Ecuador. C. s. taxinus Thomas, 1924 — higher elevation in N Peru. C. s. trichurus Thomas, 1905 — Costa Rica, W Panama. C. s. yucatanicus Goldman, 1943 — SE Mexico (Yucatan & Quintana Roo), Belize, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. C. s. zorrino Thomas, 1900 — low hot desert regions of N Peru.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2021View details →

Elevational variability and controls on temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in alpine forests

All data for ECS21-0520 "Elevational variability and controls on temperature sensitivity of soil organic matter decomposition in alpine forests"

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Data from: Invasive herbaceous respond more negatively to elevated ozone concentration than native species

Aim: Many studies show that increase in ground-level ozone (O3) has adverse effects on plant growth. Due to high phenotypic plasticity, invasive species is considered to be more adaptable to elevated O3 than native species. This idea is only tested by the very limited studies comparing invasive weeds with crops. However, whether it holds remains unclear when comparing invasive species with their co-occurring native species in natural systems. Location: China Methods: We performed an open-top chamber experiment growing six congeneric pairs of invasive and native species with and without competition under ambient (approximately 43 ppb) and elevated O3 (approximately 89 ppb) concentrations to test whether the growth responses to elevated O3 concentrations differ between invasive and native species. Results: Our results revealed that elevated O3 had a significant negative effect on both invasive and native species. In particular, elevated O3 reduced the aboveground biomass and damaged the leaves of invasive species significantly more than those of native species. Main conclusions: Our study indicates that elevated O3 concentration has a stronger adverse effect on invasive species than on native species. Therefore, increasing O3 pollution might suppress plant invasion, and thus invasive species might expand their distribution more easily to the area with lower O3 pollution in the future.

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. L. lL. lagothricha Humboldt, 1812 — SE Colombia, NE Ecuador, NW Brazil, and N Peru, from the Cordillera Oriental, N of the rios Napo and Amazonas, to the Rio Uva, a N bank affluent of the Rio Guaviare (Vichada Department, Colombia), E to the Rio Orinoco and upper Rio Negro to the Venezuelan border and NW Brazil; it is not known if it occurs in Venezuela. L. [. lugens Elliot, 1907 — Colombia, E of the Rio Atrato, throughout the Cordillera Oriental, W of the Rio Ariari (Meta Department), and parts of the Cordillera Central to the northernmost parts of the Serrania de San Lucas (SE Bolivar & N Antioquia departments), in some places up to elevations of 3000 m, and northward in the piedmont forest (now mostly destroyed) to the Rio Arauca (Arauca Department); there is no evidence thatits occurs in neighboring SW Venezuela. in Atelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. L. lL. lagothricha Humboldt, 1812 — SE Colombia, NE Ecuador, NW Brazil, and N Peru, from the Cordillera Oriental, N of the rios Napo and Amazonas, to the Rio Uva, a N bank affluent of the Rio Guaviare (Vichada Department, Colombia), E to the Rio Orinoco and upper Rio Negro to the Venezuelan border and NW Brazil; it is not known if it occurs in Venezuela. L. [. lugens Elliot, 1907 — Colombia, E of the Rio Atrato, throughout the Cordillera Oriental, W of the Rio Ariari (Meta Department), and parts of the Cordillera Central to the northernmost parts of the Serrania de San Lucas (SE Bolivar & N Antioquia departments), in some places up to elevations of 3000 m, and northward in the piedmont forest (now mostly destroyed) to the Rio Arauca (Arauca Department); there is no evidence thatits occurs in neighboring SW Venezuela.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Data from: Elevational distribution of birds in an Eastern African montane environment as governed by temperature, precipitation, and habitat availability

We conducted annual point counts of birds between 2013 and 2018 at 297 plots across habitats and elevations (2,416-4,303 m) in Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. These data were subsequently used to determine elevational and habitat preferences via indicator analyses, and to model abundance distributions as a function of temperature, precipitation, habitat availability, and congeneric competition. Of 35 focal species, we found 20 species to be particularly associated with narrow elevational range (<300 m) and 24 species to have a strong associated with one to three habitat types. Abiotic conditions, estimated for each plot location, significantly correlated with the abundance distributions of 33 species (temperature 33, precipitation 17), and biotic factors with distributions of 31 species (habitat 30, competition 7). Temperature and habitat availability were particularly associated with upper elevational limits (31 and 26 species respectively vs. 10 and 6 at lower limits), whereas precipitation affected both limits similarly (17 lower, 16 upper), and competition had a limited role at either limit (4 lower, 3 upper). That the elevational distribution of Afromontane birds results from a species-specific combination of biotic and abiotic factors is crucial information in our effort to predict climate change effects in this region.

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

Distribution. SE Brazil in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo, in the N extending to the Rio Doce State Park in Minas Gerais; its distribution is largely montane at elevations of 600-1200 m. in Callitrichiade

Distribution. SE Brazil in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paulo, in the N extending to the Rio Doce State Park in Minas Gerais; its distribution is largely montane at elevations of 600-1200 m.

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

Distribution. NC Peru, from S of Rio Maranon, from San Martin through Huanuco and Pasco to the Rio Perené, N Junin, E to W ofthe Rio Huallaga and the upper Rio Ucayali, and S ofthe Rio Pisqui; probably not above elevations of 900-1000 m. in Callitrichiade

Distribution. NC Peru, from S of Rio Maranon, from San Martin through Huanuco and Pasco to the Rio Perené, N Junin, E to W ofthe Rio Huallaga and the upper Rio Ucayali, and S ofthe Rio Pisqui; probably not above elevations of 900-1000 m.

opennotspecifiedOct 2019View details →

Distribution. Midto high elevations in N & C Mozambique and neighboring Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; recently found in S Kenya (Taita Hills), and it is possible that these known populations are actually connected through still unknown populations in Tanzania. in Miniopteridae

Distribution. Midto high elevations in N & C Mozambique and neighboring Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; recently found in S Kenya (Taita Hills), and it is possible that these known populations are actually connected through still unknown populations in Tanzania.

Dataset for: Relative contribution of high and low elevation soil microbes and nematodes to ecosystem functioning

<ol> <li>Ecosystem productivity is largely dependent on soil nutrient cycling which, in turn, is driven by decomposition rates governed by locally-adapted belowground microbial and invertebrate communities. How climate change will impact soil biota and the correlated ecosystem functioning, however, remains largely an open question.</li> <li>To address this challenge, we first characterized the functional identity of soil microbial and nematode communities originated from the foothills or in the sub-alpine soils of the Alps, and then, using a full-factorial reciprocal transplant common garden experiment at two elevations, we asked whether soil biota from low elevation were more prone in generating nutrient cycling than high elevation soil biota. Specifically, we separately transplanted soil microbial and nematode to community from low and high elevation in their home or opposite elevation in pots added with a common plant community. </li> <li>We found evidence for ecotypic and functional differentiation of the microbial and nematode communities growing in. We also observed a decrease in microbial diversity and activity at high elevation, and additionally, through nematodes' functional characterization, we found increased fungal-dominated energy channels at high elevation. </li> <li>Moreover, while we found little effect of soil biodiversity change based on elevation of origin on plant productivity, soils inoculated with microbes originating from low elevation respired more than those originating at high elevation. This observation correlates well with the observed faster carbon degradation rates by the low-elevation microbial communities. </li> <li>Climate change can reshuffle soil invertebrate communities depending on organism-specific variation in range expansion, ultimately affecting soil fertility and vegetation productivity.</li> </ol>

Data from: Ecological drivers of avian community assembly along a tropical elevation gradient

Community assembly theory hypothesizes that two main niche-based processes act to shape composition and organization of biological assemblages: abiotic filtering and biological interactions. Here, we conducted repeated surveys of bird abundance along an undisturbed elevational gradient in the tropical Andes to investigate (1) signals of deterministic processes driving community assembly and (2) potential mechanisms by which these forces operate (temperature, habitat complexity, fruit and insect availability), while correcting for imperfect detection and modeling species abundances with N-mixture models. We observed strong signals of abiotic filtering driving functionally and phylogenetically clustered assemblages towards higher elevations, and a weaker signal of limiting similarity resulting in few overdispersed assemblages at lower elevations. Whereas the decay in species richness with increasing elevation was explained by temperature, trait and phylogenetic dispersion were explained by both temperature and vegetation structure, implying that an interplay of abiotic and biotic mechanisms determines abundance-based community structure in our montane assemblages. Interestingly, trait and phylogenetic dispersion consistently decreased until ~3000 m but increased above this elevation, highlighting a potential role of competition in resource-scarce habitats. Combined, our findings suggest abiotic filters are still the main process shaping montane biotas across elevations, whereas resource availability might act locally upon assemblages further modifying them. Our study challenges recent studies in tropical mountains that suggest that biotic filters are a stronger force than abiotic filters in shaping tropical montane assemblages, and exemplifies how accounting for imperfect detection might overcome potential biases in detecting environmental filtering signals in community assembly studies.

Data from: Contrasting effects of elevation on above and belowground plant pathogens

Plant fungal diseases have a great influence on both photosynthesis and ecosystem function. However, how the elevation gradient, which is one of the most biogeographic factors, affects diseases is scarce. Here, we combined a field survey and a meta-analysis to test how elevation affect foliar fungal diseases and soil fungal pathogens through different paths. We arranged 30 plots along 3200 m ~ 4000 m in a Qinghai-Tibetan alpine meadow and collected the data of foliar fungal diseases, plant composition and soil properties to study how environment-mediated (through changes in temperature and humidity), plant community-mediated (through changes in plant biomass, richness, evenness, phylogenetic structure and community composition) and soil mediated (through changes in soil properties) effects of elevation on foliar fungal diseases and soil fungal pathogens. Based on linear models, we found that elevation decreased soil fungal pathogen richness rather than community pathogen load of foliar diseases. Specifically, a combination of community proneness and Pielou's evenness index was the best model in predicting pathogen load. The structural equation model further confirmed that although elevation significantly changed both the plant community indices and soil properties, elevation mainly drove pathogen load via plant community-mediated effects, but decreased soil fungal pathogen richness through temperature. A systematic meta-analysis composed of 48 studies from 31 literatures confirmed our main conclusions that elevation did not significantly foliar fungal diseases, but decreased soil fungal pathogen richness significantly, indicating contrast effects of elevation in driving above- and belowground plant pathogens. Hence, we distinguished the different mechanisms for different parts of the plant pathogens in one system, and our study will improve the predictability of plant diseases, especially under the background of global climate change.

Data from: Elevational divergence in pigmentation plasticity is associated with selection and pigment biochemistry

Phenotypic plasticity is predicted to evolve in environmentally variable habitats, or those experiencing a high frequency of strong selection. However, the evolution of plasticity may be constrained by costs or physiological constraints. In flowers, UV-absorbing pigmentation ameliorates UV damage to pollen, and is linked with elevated UV exposure. Whether plasticity contributes to this pattern remains unclear. Petals of Argentina anserina have larger UV-absorbing petal areas at high elevations where they experience higher and more variable UV exposure compared to low elevations. We measured UV-induced pigmentation plasticity in high- and low-elevation populations (hereafter, 'high, 'low'), and selection on pigmentation via male fitness. We dissected UV pigment biochemistry using metabolomics to explore biochemical mechanisms underlying plasticity. High displayed positive UV-induced pigmentation plasticity but low lacked plasticity. Selection favored elevated pigmentation under UV in high, supporting adaptive plasticity. In high, UV-absorption was conferred by flavonoids produced in one flavonoid pathway branch. However, in low, UV-absorption was associated with many compounds spanning many branches. Elevated plasticity was thus associated with reduced pigment diversity. Results are consistent with adaptive floral pigmentation plasticity in more extreme and variable environments. We discuss how biochemical underpinnings of pigmentation may permit or constrain the evolution of pigmentation plasticity.

Patterns and drivers of leaf-litter ant diversity along a tropical elevational gradient in Mexico

Aim: Given their high environmental variation over relatively short distances, mountains represent ideal systems for evaluating potential factors shaping diversity gradients. Despite a long-standing interest in ecological gradients, ant diversity patterns and their related mechanisms occurring on mountains are still not well understood. Here, we (i) describe species diversity patterns (α and β) of leaf-litter ants along the eastern slope of Cofre de Perote in Veracruz, Mexico, and (ii) evaluate climatic and spatial factors in determining these patterns. Location: Veracruz, Mexico Taxon: Leaf-litter ants Methods: We sampled 320 m2 of leaf litter spread across 8 equally-spaced sites from sea level to 3500 m of elevation. We used regression models to predict α-diversity patterns with climatic (temperature and precipitation) and spatial (geometric constraints) variables. We also assessed, through multiple regression based on distance matrices (MRM), the relative importance of habitat filtering and dispersal limitations for shaping total dissimilarity (βsor), turnover (βsim) or nestedness (βnes). Results: A hump-shaped pattern was observed in the α- diversity with a peak at 600-1000 meters above sea level. This pattern is best explained by the temperature gradient with around 80% of variance explanation. β-diversity showed a non-linear pattern along the elevational gradient with total dissimilarity and turnover components better explained by habitat filtering (i.e., temperature distances). Main conclusions: The importance of temperature on both α- and β-diversity patterns reinforces its widespread importance in shaping litter ant diversity patterns across elevational gradients. The hump-shaped pattern in species richness is probably the result of harsh abiotic conditions at the base and the top of the mountain combined with biotic attrition in lowland sites. Niche specialization of ant species in their optimal thermal zones may explain total dissimilarity and ant species replacement along the studied gradient. Taken all together, these results suggest a high relevance of temperature-driven mechanisms in the origin and maintenance of the biodiversity of ectothermic taxa.

opennotspecifiedJan 2022View details →

FIGURE. In situ photos of Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense. A. limestone mountain at 1,100–1,200 m elevation, B. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense living on vertical cliffs of limestone, C. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense plant, D. flowering plant with flower bud, E., F. flowering plant (flower color was faded because these photos were taken toward the end of flowering period) (photo. By S. Somboonphon) in Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense, a new slipper orchid from Northern Thailand identified by morphological and AFLP analyses

FIGURE. In situ photos of Paphiopedilum charlesworthii var. lannaense. A. limestone mountain at 1,100–1,200 m elevation, B. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense living on vertical cliffs of limestone, C. P. charlesworthii var. lannaense plant, D. flowering plant with flower bud, E., F. flowering plant (flower color was faded because these photos were taken toward the end of flowering period) (photo. By S. Somboonphon)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Foreshock Activity Promoted by Locally Elevated Loading Rate on a 4-meter-long Laboratory Fault

Experimental data and event catalog used for the study "Foreshock Activity Promoted by Locally Elevated Loading Rate on a 4-meter-long Laboratory Fault"