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Competition increases risk of species extinction during extreme warming
<p>Temperature and interspecific competition are fundamental drivers of community structure in natural systems and can interact to affect many measures of species performance. However, we know surprisingly little about the extent to which competition affects extinction temperatures during extreme warming. This information is important for evaluating future threats to species from extreme high-temperature events and heat waves, which are rising in frequency and severity around the world. Using experimental freshwater communities of rotifers and ciliates, this study shows that interspecific competition can lower the threshold temperature at which local extinction occurs, reducing time to extinction during periods of sustained warming by as much as two weeks. Competitors may lower extinction temperatures by altering biochemical characteristics of the natural environment that affect temperature tolerance (e.g., levels of dissolved oxygen, nutrients, and metabolic wastes) or by accelerating population decline through traditional effects of resource depletion on life history parameters that affect population growth rates. The results suggest changes in community structure in space and time could drive variability in the upper thermal limits.</p>
FIGURE 3. Pachyphytum odam Art. Castro & P. Carrillo. A–B in Spatial richness analysis and an evaluation of extinction risk for the genus Pachyphytum (Crassulaceae), with the description of a new species from Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Pachyphytum odam Art. Castro & P. Carrillo. A–B. Lateral and front view of the flower. C. Lateral view of the rosette. D. Calyx lobes. E. Corolla lobes. F. Transverse view of the ovary. G. Lateral view of the androecium and gynoecium. H. Petal abaxial view. I. Lateral view of the corolla without the calyx. J–K. Lateral and adaxial view of the cincinnus. Photographs: Arturo Castro Castro.
FIGURE 2 in Spatial richness analysis and an evaluation of extinction risk for the genus Pachyphytum (Crassulaceae), with the description of a new species from Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Species richness by grid cell of Pachyphytum. Biogeographic provinces according to Morrone et al. (2017).
FIGURE 3 in Ceropegia strophanthiflora (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)-a magnificent and rare new species from South Africa at the brink of extinction
FIGURE 3. Flowers of Ceropegia rehmannii (A,B) and details of reproductive structures of C. strophanthiflora (C,E,G) in comparison to its closest relative C. rehmannii (D,F,H). A, Inflorescence of C. rehmannii. B, Close-up image of C. rehmannii flower. C,D, Sideview of gynostegium. E,F, Top-view of gynostegium. G,H, Pollinarium. Scale bars: 1 cm (A), 2 mm (B), 0.5 mm (C–F), 200 µm (G,H). Photographs: David Styles (A,B) and Annemarie Heiduk (C–H).
FIGURE 1 in Ceropegia strophanthiflora (Apocynaceae-Asclepiadoideae)-a magnificent and rare new species from South Africa at the brink of extinction
FIGURE 1. Ceropegia strophanthiflora from the south-western edge of the Maputaland Centre of Endemism in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A,B, Habit of a plant in habitat. C, Excavated tuber. D, Follicle with two developed mericarps. E, Habitat at the type locality. Scale bars: 5 mm (A), 1 cm (B–D). Photographs: David Styles (A–C, E) and Annemarie Heiduk (D).
Data supporting the article "Replication of extinction retrieval prediction by prefrontal reactivations and non-replication of L-DOPA effects on retrieval and reactivations in males"
<p>These datasets contain sAA, sCORT, US expectancy, questionnaire and rating raw data generated in this replication study. Furthermore, the processed MRI data (vmPFC reactivations) and derived SCR data are available. The custom-made analysis script for scoring SCR can be run on Matlab 2015b.</p>
Source Data for Infralimbic activity during REM sleep facilitates fear extinction memory
<p>Source data for the manuscript Infralimbic activity during REM sleep facilitates fear extinction memory</p>
Dataset of Circumstances around the Extinction of Historical Indigenous Groups in the Brazilian Amazon, Based on Nimuendajú's Ethnohistorical Map
<p>Curt Nimuendajú's Ethnohistorical Map (Nimuendajú, 2017) is a rich source of information about Indigenous history in South America. In a recent paper (Barsanetti and Ferreira, 2024), we use the Ethnohistorical Map in a quantitative investigation on the influence of historical Indigenous extinctions on long-run occupation patterns in the Brazilian Amazon, especially deforestation. As a by-product of the analysis, we produced a dataset cataloging the extinction circumstances surrounding the extinctions of Indigenous groups in the ethnohistorical data.</p> <p>The classification is in the file List.xlsx. A dictionary explaining the classification of each group in detail is in Dictionary.pdf.</p> <p>This version: November, 2024.</p> <p>References:</p> <p>Barsanetti, Bruno and Alipio Ferreira (2024). “Historical Indigenous Extinctions and Modern Deforestation in the Amazon”. Working Paper.</p> <p>Nimuendajú, Curt (2017). Mapa Etno-Histórico do Brasil e Regiões Adjacentes. Brasília: Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional, Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística.</p> <p> </p>
Fig. 11 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 11.—Holotype of Batomys cagayanensis n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J3-7554), right dentary: (A) labial view of mandible (mirrored); (B) lingual view of mandible.
Fig. 8 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 8.—Holotype of Crateromys ballik n. sp. (PNM II-1977-I8-402), right dentary: (A) labial view of mandible (mirrored); (B) lingual view of mandible.
Fig. 3 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 3.—Holotype of Carpomys dakal n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J11A-16301), left dentary: (A) labial view of mandible; (B) lingual view of mandible (mirrored).
Fig. 2 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 2.—Maxillary and mandibular left molar toothrows of Carpomys dakal n. sp. (A and B, respectively; PNM II-1977-J11A-15997 and PNM II-1976-M-101) and Crateromys schadenbergi (C and D, respectively; FMNH 62295), showing the location of cusps and conids referred to in the text. pc = posterior cingulum.
Fig. 7 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 7.—Lateral lingual (A) and labial (B) view of the partial left maxillary of Carpomys dakal n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J11A-15997) with M1 to M3, showing the posterior palatine foramen (ppf) and base of the zygomatic arch (za).
Fig. 6 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 6.—Bivariate plots of Carpomys and Musseromys dental and mandibular measurements (in mm). Data are in Table 2.
Fig. 4 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 4.—Occlusal view of maxillary molars of (A) Carpomys dakal n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J11A-15997), left side; (B) Carpomys phaeurus (FMNH 62291), leftside; (C) Musseromysinopinatus (FMNH 193840), left side; (D) Crateromys ballik n. sp. (PNM II-1977-J3-10389), right side (mirrored); (E) Crateromys schadenbergi (FMNH 62291), right side (mirrored); (F) Crateromys heaneyi (CMC M626), left side; (G) Batomys granti (FMNH 214412), left side.
Fig. 9 in Three new extinct species from the endemic Philippine cloud rat radiation (Rodentia, Muridae, Phloeomyini)
Fig. 9.—Bivariate plots of Crateromys and Batomys dental and mandibular measurements (in mm). Data are in Table 3.
A global ecological signal of extinction risk in terrestrial vertebrates
<p>To determine the distribution and causes of extinction threat across functional groups of terrestrial vertebrates, we assembled a dataset on ecological traits for 18,016 species and tested, using phylogenetic comparative methods, which categories of habitat association, mode of locomotion, and feeding mode best predict extinction risk. We found that cave-dwelling amphibians, brachiating mammals (all of which are primates), aerial and scavenging birds, and pedal squamates are all disproportionately threatened with extinction. Across four vertebrate classes, agriculture, followed by logging, and then invasive species and disease are the most common risk factors of extinction. The most endangered species show simultaneous risk from multiple threat types. The disproportionate loss of species with certain functional traits, combined with increasing anthropogenic pressures, is likely to disrupt ecosystem functions globally if left unabated. A shift in focus from species- to trait-centric conservation practices will allow for the protection of at-risk functional diversity from regional to global scales.</p>
Genetic data from the extinct giant rat from Tenerife (Canary Islands)
<p>Evolution of vertebrate endemics in oceanic islands follows a predictable pattern, known as the island rule, according to which gigantism arises in originally small-sized species and dwarfism in large ones. Species of extinct insular giant rodents are known from all over the world. In the Canary Islands, two examples of giant rats, <em>Canariomys bravoi </em>and <em>Canariomys tamarani</em>, endemic to Tenerife and Gran Canaria islands, respectively, disappeared soon after human settlement. The highly derived morphological features of these insular endemic rodents hamper the identification of their mainland relatives and the reconstruction of their evolutionary histories. We have retrieved partial mitochondrial (mtDNA) data from <em>C. bravoi</em> and used this information to explore its evolutionary history. The resulting dated phylogeny confidently places <em>C. bravoi</em> within the African grass rat clade (<em>Arvicanthis niloticus</em>). The estimated divergence time, 650,000 years ago, is roughly coincident with the onset of the Günz-Mindel interglacial stage. <em>C. bravoi</em> ancestors would have reached the island via passive rafting and then underwent a yearly increase of mean body mass calculated between 0.0015 g and 0.0023 g; this corresponds to fast evolutionary rates (in darwins [d], ranging from 7.09 d to 2.78 d) that are well above those observed for non-insular mammals.</p>
Dataset: Shorter telomeres precede population extinction in wild lizards
<p>This dataset contains the information on telomere length in yearling (1 yo) lizards (Zootoca vivipara) captured in 2015 from 10 populations along alitudinal gradient. These data has been analysed and published in Dupoué et al. (2017). Shorter telomeres precede population extinction in wild lizards, Scientific Reports, 7:16976</p>
Subspecies and Distribution.. lupus Linnaeus, 1758 — Asia, Europe. ON SSNS. albus Kerr, 1792 — N Russia. 0. arctos Pocock, 1935 — Canadian High Arctic. SS O 0. baileyi Nelson & Goldman, 1929 — Mexico, SW USA (extinct in the wild). OO. communis Dwigubski, 1804 — C Russia. SNS 0. cubanensis Ognev, 1923 — E-C Asia. SN O. dingo Meyer, 1793 — SE Asia and Australasia. 0 NN OOOO. lycaon Schreber, 1775 — SE Canada, NE USA. SNS. nubilus Say, 1823 — E-C Canada and C USA.. occidentalis Richardson, 1829 — Alaska, NW Canada. ~ = C. I. pallipes Sykes, 1831 — Middle East and SW Asia to India. in Canidae
Subspecies and Distribution.. lupus Linnaeus, 1758 — Asia, Europe. ON SSNS. albus Kerr, 1792 — N Russia. 0. arctos Pocock, 1935 — Canadian High Arctic. SS O 0. baileyi Nelson & Goldman, 1929 — Mexico, SW USA (extinct in the wild). OO. communis Dwigubski, 1804 — C Russia. SNS 0. cubanensis Ognev, 1923 — E-C Asia. SN O. dingo Meyer, 1793 — SE Asia and Australasia. 0 NN OOOO. lycaon Schreber, 1775 — SE Canada, NE USA. SNS. nubilus Say, 1823 — E-C Canada and C USA.. occidentalis Richardson, 1829 — Alaska, NW Canada. ~ = C. I. pallipes Sykes, 1831 — Middle East and SW Asia to India.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.