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Fig. 2 in Interactions of cranial helminths in the European polecat (Mustela putorius): Implications for host body condition

Fig. 2. Geographic origin of the skulls of the European polecat (Mustela putorius) analysed in this study. The size of the pie charts is indicative of the number of skulls analysed per locality and the contents of the pie charts are indicative of the infestation status of the corresponding animals. SKJ: Skrjabingylus nasicola, TRO: Troglotrema acutum. The numbers are indicative of the major landscape unit of origin of the samples.

Fig. 1 in Interactions of cranial helminths in the European polecat (Mustela putorius): Implications for host body condition

Fig. 1. Dorsal views of European polecat (Mustela putorius) skulls with or without infestations of the cranial helminths Skrjabingylus nasicola and Troglotrema acutum. (a) Skull of a non-infested one-year-old male. (b) Skull of a threeyear-old male with lesions in the frontal bone resulting from an infestation with T. acutum. (c) Lesions in both postorbital processes and the rear of the frontal bone of a skull of a two-year-old male infested with both parasites. (d) Lesion in the right postorbital process of a skull of a two-year-old male infested with both parasites. (e) Skull of a three-year-old female with lesions in both postorbital processes resulting from an infestation with S. nasicola. (f) Lesions in both postorbital processes and the frontal bone of a skull of a four-year-old female infested with both parasites. (g) Skull of a two-year-old female infested with T. acutum that is characterised by large perforations in the frontal bone and exposure of the frontal sinus and the nasal cavity. (h) Skull of a four-year-old male with perforations in and distensions of the frontal bone resulting from an infestation with T. acutum. (i) Skull of a five-year-old male characterised by multiple perforations and distended and sponge-like appearance of the bones across the whole of the frontal dorsal cranium.

Fig. 4 in Interactions of cranial helminths in the European polecat (Mustela putorius): Implications for host body condition

Fig. 4. Marginal effects plot of logistic regression model predicting the presence of skull damage as a function of sex of the host, the abundance of S. nasciola and a selection of T. acutum abundances. The colour of the 95% confidence interval corresponds to the T. acutum abundance of the same colour. The plot is based on the most parsimonious model identified after model selection (see Table 2). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in A young parasite in an old fish host: A new genus for proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda) of bowfin (Amia calva) (Holostei: Amiiformes), and a revised list of its cestodes

Fig. 2. Laruella perplexa (La Rue, 1911) n. comb. from Amia calva. SEM micrographs. A – frontal view of scolex. B, D – subapical view of scolex; note tear-shaped inner rim of suckers. C – apical view of scolex; note apical pit. E – capiliform filitriches on scolex (apical region anterior to suckers – indicated by letter E in Fig. 2B).

Fig. 4 in A young parasite in an old fish host: A new genus for proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda) of bowfin (Amia calva) (Holostei: Amiiformes), and a revised list of its cestodes

Fig. 4. Laruella perplexa (La Rue, 1911) n. comb. from Amia calva, Illinois and Mississippi (A–D) and Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) from Micropterus dolomieu (E, F). A – terminal genitalia with uterine diverticula near anterior part of proglottids (MHNG-PLAT-0063348), dorsal view; vitelline follicles are not illustrated. B, C – terminal genitalia, frontal section and ventral view of paratype (USNM 1348679). D – posterolateral end of proglottid (MHNG-PLAT-0063348); note band of posterior (median) vitelline follicles bent inwards. E – proximal part of vaginal canal, dorsal view; note numerous loops. F – cirrus-sac, dorsal view; note large, thick-waled vaginal sphincter and strongly convoluted internal sperm duct. Abbreviations: CI - cirrus; CS - cirrus sac; DOC – dorsal osmoregulatory canal; EG – egg; MG – Mehlis' gland; MVF – median vitelline follicles; OV – ovary; SR – seminal receptacle; TE – testes; UD – uterine diverticula; VA – vagina; VD – vas deferens; VF – vitelline follicles; VOC – ventral osmoregulatory canal; VS – vaginal sphincter.

Fig. 1 in A young parasite in an old fish host: A new genus for proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda) of bowfin (Amia calva) (Holostei: Amiiformes), and a revised list of its cestodes

Fig. 1. Laruella perplexa (La Rue, 1911) n. comb. from Amia calva (A, B, C, E, G, H) and Proteocephalus ambloplitis (Leidy, 1887) from Micropterus dolomieu (D, F). A, D – anterior part of body with first proglottids. B, C, E, F – scolex, frontal view; B – holotype (USNM 1347286); note narrow sphincters around sucker opening in C, E). G – cross section through scolex; note sphincters on margin of sucker openings; paratype (USNM 1348679). Abbreviations: AO - apical organ; EG – egg; ILM – inner longitudinal musculature; OC – osmoregulatory canals; SS – sucker sphincter; SU – sucker; TE - testes; TG - tegument; UT – uterus; VF – vitelline follicles.

Fig. 3 in A young parasite in an old fish host: A new genus for proteocephalid tapeworms (Cestoda) of bowfin (Amia calva) (Holostei: Amiiformes), and a revised list of its cestodes

Fig. 3. Laruella perplexa (La Rue, 1911) n. comb. from Amia calva, Mississippi, USA (MHNG-PLAT-0063348). A – mature proglottid, ventral view. B – pregravid proglottid, ventral view. Abbreviations: CS - cirrus sac; DOC – dorsal osmoregulatory canal; EG – egg; GP – genital pore; MG – Mehlis' gland; MVF – median vitelline follicles; OC – oocapt; OV – ovary; SR – seminal receptacle; SU – sucker; TE – testes; UD – uterine diverticula; VA – vagina; VD – vas deferens; VF – vitelline follicles; VOC – ventral osmoregulatory canal; VS – vaginal sphincter.

Fig. 3 in Eco-epidemiological screening of multi-host wild rodent communities in the UK reveals pathogen strains of zoonotic interest

Fig. 3. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of 18S ribosomal RNA sequences of Babesia microti isolates, indicating the position of the Munich strain-like isolate obtained from the tick Ixodes trianguliceps from a bank vole in Ceredigion, Wales. Sequences of the cogeneric species B. vulpes and B. rodhaini are used as outgroups.

Fig. 2 in Eco-epidemiological screening of multi-host wild rodent communities in the UK reveals pathogen strains of zoonotic interest

Fig. 2. Flea diversity. Percentage of flea genera collected during the two sampling seasons. *p <0.05.

Fig. 1 in Eco-epidemiological screening of multi-host wild rodent communities in the UK reveals pathogen strains of zoonotic interest

Fig. 1. Percentage of tick life stages across seasons collected from all rodent species. a) Total percentage of ticks found in the two study seasons. Light grey: larvae; dark grey: nymphs; black: adults. b) Percentage of tick life stages in each sampling season.

Fig. 3 in Molecular screening for Sarcocystidae in muscles of wild birds from Brazil suggests a plethora of intermediate hosts for Sarcocystis falcatula

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic tree of Sarcocystis spp. based on ITS1 sequences. The tree was constructed through the maximum likelihood method, using the best-fit model HKY + I. The final alignment contained 78 sequences and 661 aligned nucleotide positions. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated (complete deletion option). Numbers on branches represent bootstrap values after 1000 replicates. The black dots identify the sequences obtained in this study.

Fig. 2. SAG1 in Molecular screening for Sarcocystidae in muscles of wild birds from Brazil suggests a plethora of intermediate hosts for Sarcocystis falcatula

Fig. 2. SAG1 (a), SAG2 (b) and SAG3 (c) haplotype networks for Sarcocystis falcatula and other closely related species obtained in this study. Perpendicular bars along the branches refer to mutation changes. The sizes of the circles are proportional to the numbers of haplotypes, and colors indicate the different orders of birds found. The numbers correspond to the sample IDs. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 3 in A novel intermediate host for Taenia serialis (Gervais, 1847): The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L. 1758) from the Monti Sibillini National Park (MSNP), Italy

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationships between two species of Taenia (T. serialis and T. multiceps) and the sample obtained for this study (sample from roe deer).

Fig. 1. Microscope view 100 in A novel intermediate host for Taenia serialis (Gervais, 1847): The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L. 1758) from the Monti Sibillini National Park (MSNP), Italy

Fig. 1. Microscope view 100 magnifications of the scolex collected from one of the cysts recovered in a wild European roe deer.

Fig. 2 in A novel intermediate host for Taenia serialis (Gervais, 1847): The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L. 1758) from the Monti Sibillini National Park (MSNP), Italy

Fig. 2. Note the meningeal vessels' congestion and the suppurative exudate covering the meningeal surface.

Fig. 1 in Molecular screening for Sarcocystidae in muscles of wild birds from Brazil suggests a plethora of intermediate hosts for Sarcocystis falcatula

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of Sarcocystis spp. based on ITS1 sequences. The tree was constructed through the maximum likelihood method, using the best-fit model K2P + G. The final alignment contained 24 sequences and 389 aligned nucleotide positions. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated (complete deletion option). Numbers on branches represent bootstrap values after 1000 replicates. The black dots identify the sequences obtained in this study.

Fig. 2 in Black-spotted pond frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus as a new host for the renal coccidian genus Hyaloklossia (Alveolata: Apicomplexa)

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic tree of based on cox1 sequences of Hyaloklossia and related species belonging to Toxoplasmatinae (Toxoplasma, Neospora, Hammondia, Heydornia), Cystososporinae (Cystoisospora) and Eumonosporinae (Eumonospora) constructed using the neighbor joining method. The nodes are labeled using support from the bootstrap values obtained for the neighbor joining (left) and maximum likelihood (right) methods. Pn: Pelophylax nigromaculatus.

Fig. 1 in Black-spotted pond frog Pelophylax nigromaculatus as a new host for the renal coccidian genus Hyaloklossia (Alveolata: Apicomplexa)

Fig. 1. Light microscopy of Hyaloklossia oocysts in the kidney of Pelophylax nigromaculatus. A. Immature oocyst showing the sporont with granular cytoplasm that does not fill the space inside the oocyst completely. B. An immature oocyst showing the sporoblast with very thin wall. C. An immature oocyst (left) and mature sporocyst (right). D. A mature oocyst with two sporocysts. Arrowhead and arrows indicate oocyst wall and sporocyst residuum, respectively. Scale bar = 5 μm.

Fig. 2 in Genetic characterisation of Echinocephalus spp. (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) from marine hosts in Australia

Fig. 2. Genetic relationship based on Bayesian Inference analysis of the small subunit nuclear ribosomal DNA (SSU) sequences of Echinocephalus spp. collected form sea snake, stingray and octopus in Australia determined in this study (bold). Nodal support is given as a posterior probability for BI analysis followed by bootstrap values for NJ analysis on this tree. Gnathostoma lamothei (Bertoni-Ruiz et al., 2011) was used as the outgroup, however the GenBank entry for this parasite is with its old name, Gnathostoma neoprocyonis Z96947. The scale bar indicates the number of inferred substitutions per nucleotide site.

Fig. 1. A in Genetic characterisation of Echinocephalus spp. (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) from marine hosts in Australia

Fig. 1. A, Anterior end of Echinocephalus larva from Octopus djinda (formerly Octopus O. aff. tetricus), showing six rows of hooks on the cephalic inflation; B, Apical view of the spiniform papillae on the larva from O. djinda, showing a posterior row of three papillae; C, Apical view of the spiniform papillae on the larva from Codakia paytenorum, showing posterior row of three papillae joined by irregular areas of sclerotization. Scale bars: Fig. 1A and 40 μm; Fig. 1B and C, 10 μm.