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1,896 results for “call”
Data from: Degenerate adaptor sequences for detecting PCR duplicates in reduced representation sequencing data improve genotype calling accuracy
RAD-tag is a powerful tool for high-throughput genotyping. It relies on PCR amplification of the starting material, following enzymatic digestion and sequencing adaptor ligation. Amplification introduces duplicate reads into the data, which arise from the same template molecule and are statistically nonindependent, potentially introducing errors into genotype calling. In shotgun sequencing, data duplicates are removed by filtering reads starting at the same position in the alignment. However, restriction enzymes target specific locations within the genome, causing reads to start in the same place, and making it difficult to estimate the extent of PCR duplication. Here, we introduce a slight change to the Illumina sequencing adaptor chemistry, appending a unique four-base tag to the first index read, which allows duplicate discrimination in aligned data. This approach was validated on the Illumina MiSeq platform, using double-digest libraries of ants (Wasmannia auropunctata) and yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with known genotypes, producing modest though statistically significant gains in the odds of calling a genotype accurately. More importantly, removing duplicates also corrected for strong sample-to-sample variability of genotype calling accuracy seen in the ant samples. For libraries prepared from low-input degraded museum bird samples (Mixornis gularis), which had low complexity, having been generated from relatively few starting molecules, adaptor tags show that virtually all of the genotypes were called with inflated confidence as a result of PCR duplicates. Quantification of library complexity by adaptor tagging does not significantly increase the difficulty of the overall workflow or its cost, but corrects for differences in quality between samples and permits analysis of low-input material.
Data from: De novo sequencing and variant calling with nanopores using PoreSeq
The accuracy of sequencing single DNA molecules with nanopores is continually improving, but de novo genome sequencing and assembly using only nanopore data remain challenging. Here we describe PoreSeq, an algorithm that identifies and corrects errors in nanopore sequencing data and improves the accuracy of de novo genome assembly with increasing coverage depth. The approach relies on modeling the possible sources of uncertainty that occur as DNA transits through the nanopore and finds the sequence that best explains multiple reads of the same region. PoreSeq increases nanopore sequencing read accuracy of M13 bacteriophage DNA from 85% to 99% at 100× coverage. We also use the algorithm to assemble Escherichia coli with 30× coverage and the λ genome at a range of coverages from 3× to 50×. Additionally, we classify sequence variants at an order of magnitude lower coverage than is possible with existing methods.
Data from: Variation in chick-a-dee call sequences, not in the fine structure of chick-a-dee calls, influences mobbing behaviour in mixed-species flocks
When animals vocalize under the threat of predation, variation in the structure of calls can play a vital role in survival. The chick-a-dee calls of chickadees and titmice provide a model system for studying communication in such contexts. In previous studies, birds' responses to chick-a-dee calls covaried with call structure, but also with unmeasured and correlated parameters of the calling sequence, including duty cycle (the proportion of the calling sequence when a signal was present). In this study, we exposed flocks of Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) and heterospecific birds to playback of chick-a-dee calls and taxidermic models of predators. We quantified birds' responses to variation in number of D-notes and duty cycle of the signalling sequence. Chickadees and heterospecific birds responded more intensely to high-duty-cycle treatments, and equally to treatments where duty cycle was held constant and the number of D-notes varied. Although our study does not disentangle the effects of call rate and duty cycle, it is the first to investigate independently the behavioural responses of birds to variation in structural and sequence-level parameters of the chick-a-dee call during a predator confrontation. Critically, our results confirm that the pattern previously observed in a feeding context holds true in a mobbing context: variation in calling sequences, not in call structure, is the salient acoustic feature of chick-a-dee calls. These results call into question the idea that chick-a-dee call structure carries allometric information about predator size, suggesting instead that sequence-level parameters play a central role in communication in a mobbing context.
Data from: Host provisioning behavior favors mimetic begging calls in a brood-parasitic cowbird
The vocalizations of some young brood-parasitic birds closely resemble those of their host's young. Such similarities might arise because hosts bestow the greatest parental care in response to their own species' call type. We used a playback experiment to assess the effectiveness of the nestling call structures of two brood parasites, the specialist screaming cowbird (Molothrus rufoaxillaris) and the generalist shiny cowbird (M. bonariensis), in stimulating parental provisioning in a shared host, the baywing (Agelaioides badius). Screaming cowbird begging calls closely resemble those of baywing young and thus should best exploit any bias for species-specific cues. Shiny cowbird calls, in contrast, are unlike baywings but can instead exploit non-specific sensory biases for long call duration and syllable repetition. We found playback of screaming cowbird's mimetic calls elicited increases in feeding rates equivalent to those of playback of the host's own young, while shiny cowbird calls failed to increase provisioning rates above those of no-broadcast control sessions. These results indicate that baywings discriminate between nestling call structures in favour of their own species calls when adjusting parental investment, and support the view that selection for optimal host provisioning can favour vocal mimicry by parasitic offspring.
Data from: Alarm calls of a cooperative bird are referential and elicit context-specific antipredator behavior
Although functionally referential signals have been extensively studied, largely in mammals (e.g., nonhuman primates, see Cheney and Seyfarth (1988); mongooses, see Manser et al. (2002); and other ground-dwelling species, see Blumstein and Armitage (1997), other social taxa such as birds would similarly benefit from the use of referential signals. We therefore investigated alarm calling in the cooperative noisy miner (Manorina melanocephala), a species that has been anecdotally recorded producing aerial alarms to flying predators and empirically recorded generating terrestrial alarms to ground-based threats. For these signals to be truly referential however, they must meet 3 criteria. First, calls must be structurally distinct, a requirement that these 2 call types meet. Second, calls must be stimulus-specific and reliably associated with a given stimulus. We tested this on free-living birds by exposing them to a simulated aerial predator that was either in flight or subsequently perched and thus presented one of the first studies on functionally referential alarm systems where both aerial and terrestrial alarm calls have been tested. Miners only produced aerial alarms while the stimulus was in flight, switching to terrestrial alarms once it landed. Third, referential signals must elicit different escape responses that are "appropriate" to the associated threat. Under field conditions, aerial alarm playback alone provoked an almost instantaneous response of fleeing to vegetation cover, whereas terrestrial alarm playback elicited significantly slower responses by receivers and an increase in scanning behavior. During laboratory experiments, aerial alarms stimulated birds to spend more time looking upwards, whereas terrestrial alarm calls stimulated individuals to scan perpendicularly, as expected if these stimuli provided information on likely predator location. Although other avian taxa have been shown to use referential alarm signals, this system provides novel evidence of referential calls based on the behavior rather than the type of predator, providing a highly adaptive means of communicating risk to other members of the social group in this cooperative species.
Data from: Vitis phylogenomics: hybridization intensities from a SNP array outperform genotype calls
Understanding relationships among species is a fundamental goal of evolutionary biology. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified through next generation sequencing and related technologies enable phylogeny reconstruction by providing unprecedented numbers of characters for analysis. One approach to SNP-based phylogeny reconstruction is to identify SNPs in a subset of individuals, and then to compile SNPs on an array that can be used to genotype additional samples at hundreds or thousands of sites simultaneously. Although powerful and efficient, this method is subject to ascertainment bias because applying variation discovered in a representative subset to a larger sample favors identification of SNPs with high minor allele frequencies and introduces bias against rare alleles. Here, we demonstrate that the use of hybridization intensity data, rather than genotype calls, reduces the effects of ascertainment bias. Whereas traditional SNP calls assess known variants based on diversity housed in the discovery panel, hybridization intensity data survey variation in the broader sample pool, regardless of whether those variants are present in the initial SNP discovery process. We apply SNP genotype and hybridization intensity data derived from the Vitis9kSNP array developed for grape to show the effects of ascertainment bias and to reconstruct evolutionary relationships among Vitis species. We demonstrate that phylogenies constructed using hybridization intensities suffer less from the distorting effects of ascertainment bias, and are thus more accurate than phylogenies based on genotype calls. Moreover, we reconstruct the phylogeny of the genus Vitis using hybridization data, show that North American subgenus Vitis species are monophyletic, and resolve several previously poorly known relationships among North American species. This study builds on earlier work that applied the Vitis9kSNP array to evolutionary questions within Vitis vinifera and has general implications for addressing ascertainment bias in array-enabled phylogeny reconstruction.
Data from: Interspecific signalling between mutualists: food-thieving drongos use a cooperative sentinel call to manipulate foraging partners
Interspecific communication is common in nature, particularly between mutualists. However, whether signals evolved for communication with other species, or are in fact conspecific signals eavesdropped upon by partners, is often unclear. Fork-tailed drongos (Dicrurus adsimilis) associate with mixed-species groups and often produce true alarms at predators, whereupon associating species flee to cover, but also false alarms to steal associating species' food (kleptoparasitism). Despite such deception, associating species respond to drongo non-alarm calls by increasing their foraging and decreasing vigilance. Yet, whether these calls represent interspecific sentinel signals remains unknown. We show that drongos produced a specific sentinel call when foraging with a common associate, the sociable weaver (Philetairus socius), but not when alone. Weavers increased their foraging and decreased vigilance when naturally associating with drongos, and in response to sentinel call playback. Further, drongos sentinel-called more often when weavers were moving, and weavers approached sentinel calls, suggesting a recruitment function. Finally, drongos sentinel-called when weavers fled following false alarms, thereby reducing disruption to weaver foraging time. Results therefore provide evidence of an 'all clear' signal that mitigates the cost of inaccurate communication. Our results suggest that drongos enhance exploitation of a foraging mutualist through coevolution of interspecific sentinel signals.
Data from: Female preference functions drive interpopulation divergence in male signalling: call diversity in the bushcricket Ephippiger diurnus
Female preferences play a major role in the elaboration and diversification of male traits: as a selective pressure on males, variation in female preferences can generate population divergence and ultimately, speciation. We studied how interpopulation differences in the shape of female mate preference functions may have shaped male advertisement signals in the bushcricket Ephippiger diurnus. This species is distributed as geographically isolated populations with striking interpopulation variation in male acoustic signals, most notably in the number of syllables per call. Here, we asked whether differences in the shape of preference functions exist among populations and whether those differences may have driven male signal evolution resulting in the observed differences in syllable numbers. Our results reveal fundamental differences in female preferences among populations, with differences in the overall preference function shape corresponding to differences in male signals. These differences in female preferences best explain the major differences in male signals among populations. The interpopulation variation in signals and preferences potentially reflects the evolutionary history of the species and may contribute to further divergence among populations and subsequent speciation.
Data from: Wild dwarf mongooses produce general alert and predator-specific alarm calls
Many species produce alarm calls in response to predator threats. Whilst these can be general alert calls, some are urgency-based, indicating perceived threat level, some are predator-specific, indicating the predator type present, and some encode information about both urgency level and predator type. Predator-specific calls given to a narrow range of stimuli and which elicit a specific, adaptive, response from the receiver are termed functionally referential. Differing escape strategies, habitat structural complexity and sociality may favor the evolution of functionally referential calls. A study of one captive group of dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula) suggested their alarm calls could transmit information about species, distance, and elevation of predators. Using recordings of natural predator encounters, predator presentations and audio playbacks, we investigated the alarm-call system in 7 wild dwarf mongoose groups. We recorded 11 different alarm-call types given to 9 stimulus categories. Of the 5 commonly emitted alarm-call types, 3 appeared to be non-specific and 2 predator-specific, given to aerial and terrestrial predators respectively. The remaining 6 call types were rarely produced. Furthermore, aerial alarms were given to a narrower range of stimuli than their terrestrial alarm calls, which were given to both visible terrestrial predators and secondary cues of predators. Unlike other mongoose species, dwarf mongoose seem to use the same alarm-call type for both physically present terrestrial predators and secondary cues of their presence. We argue that detailed knowledge of species' alarm-call systems under natural conditions can shed light on the evolutionary emergence of different types of alarm calls.
Data from: Calling louder and longer: how bats use biosonar under severe acoustic interference from other bats
Active-sensing systems such as echolocation provide animals with distinct advantages in dark environments. For social animals, however, like many bat species, active sensing can present problems as well: when many individuals emit bio-sonar calls simultaneously, detecting and recognizing the faint echoes generated by one's own calls amid the general cacophony of the group becomes challenging. This problem is often termed 'jamming' and bats have been hypothesized to solve it by shifting the spectral content of their calls to decrease the overlap with the jamming signals. We tested bats' response in situations of extreme interference, mimicking a high density of bats. We played-back bat echolocation calls from multiple speakers, to jam flying Pipistrellus kuhlii bats, simulating a naturally occurring situation of many bats flying in proximity. We examined behavioural and echolocation parameters during search phase and target approach. Under severe interference, bats emitted calls of higher intensity and longer duration, and called more often. Slight spectral shifts were observed but they did not decrease the spectral overlap with jamming signals. We also found that pre-existing inter-individual spectral differences could allow self-call recognition. Results suggest that the bats' response aimed to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and not to avoid spectral overlap.
Data from: Personal information about danger trumps social information from avian alarm calls
Information about predators can mean the difference between life and death, but prey face the challenge of integrating personal information about predators with social information from the alarm calls of others. This challenge might even affect the structure of interspecific information networks: species vary in response to alarm calls, potentially because different foraging ecologies constrain the acquisition of personal information. However, the hypothesis that constrained personal information explains a greater response to alarm calls has not been experimentally tested. We used a within-species test to compare the antipredator responses of New Holland honeyeaters, Phylidonyris novaehollandiae, during contrasting foraging behaviour. Compared to perched birds, which hawk for insects and have a broad view, those foraging on flowers were slower to spot gliding model predators, showing that foraging behaviour can affect predator detection. Furthermore, nectar-foraging birds were more likely to flee to alarm call playbacks. Birds also assessed social information relevance: more distant calls, and those from another species, prompted fewer flights and slower reaction times. Overall, birds made flexible decisions about danger by integrating personal and social information, while weighing information relevance. These findings support the idea that a strategic balance of personal and social information could affect community function.
Data from: Decoding of baby calls: can adult humans identify the eliciting situation from emotional vocalizations of preverbal infants?
Preverbal infants often vocalize in emotionally loaded situations, yet the communicative potential of these vocalizations is not well understood. The aim of our study was to assess how accurately adult listeners extract information about the eliciting situation from infant preverbal vocalizations. Vocalizations of 19 infants aged 5-10 months were recorded in 3 negative (Pain, Isolation, Demand for Food) and 3 positive (Play, Reunion, After Feeding) situations. The recordings were later rated by 333 adult listeners on the scales of emotional valence and intensity. Subsequently, the listeners assigned the eliciting situations in a forced choice task. Listeners were almost perfectly able to discriminate whether a recording came from a negative or a positive situation. Their discrimination may have been based on perceived valence as they consistently assigned higher valence when listening to positive, and lower valence when listening to negative, recordings. Ability to identify the particular situation within the negative or positive realm was substantially weaker, with only three of the six situations being discriminated above chance. The best discriminated situation, Play, was associated with high perceived intensity. The weak qualitative discrimination of negative situations seemed to be based on graded perception of negative recordings, from the most intense and unpleasant (assigned to Pain) to the least intense and least unpleasant (assigned to Demand for Food). Parenthood and younger age, but not gender of listeners, had weak positive effects on the accuracy of judgments. Our results indicate that adults almost flawlessly distinguish positive and negative infant sounds, but are rather inaccurate regarding identification of the specific needs of the infant and may normally employ other sensory channels to gain this information.
Data from: A call for more transparent reporting of error rates: the quality of AFLP data in ecological and evolutionary research
Despite much discussion of the importance of quantifying and reporting genotyping error in molecular studies, it is still not standard practice in the literature. This is particularly a concern for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) studies, where differences in laboratory, peak-calling and locus-selection protocols can generate data sets varying widely in genotyping error rate, the number of loci used and potentially estimates of genetic diversity or differentiation. In our experience, papers rarely provide adequate information on AFLP reproducibility, making meaningful comparisons among studies difficult. To quantify the extent of this problem, we reviewed the current molecular ecology literature (470 recent AFLP articles) to determine the proportion of studies that report an error rate and follow established guidelines for assessing error. Fifty-four per cent of recent articles do not report any assessment of data set reproducibility. Of those studies that do claim to have assessed reproducibility, the majority (~90%) either do not report a specific error rate or do not provide sufficient details to allow the reader to judge whether error was assessed correctly. Even of the papers that do report an error rate and provide details, many (≥23%) do not follow recommended standards for quantifying error. These issues also exist for other marker types such as microsatellites, and next-generation sequencing techniques, particularly those which use restriction enzymes for fragment generation. Therefore, we urge all researchers conducting genotyping studies to estimate and more transparently report genotyping error using existing guidelines and encourage journals to enforce stricter standards for the publication of genotyping studies.
Data from: Distinct neural and neuromuscular strategies underlie independent evolution of simplified advertisement calls
Independent or convergent evolution can underlie phenotypic similarity of derived behavioural characters. Determining the underlying neural and neuromuscular mechanisms sheds light on how these characters arose. One example of evolutionarily derived characters is a temporally simple advertisement call of male African clawed frogs (Xenopus) that arose at least twice independently from a more complex ancestral pattern. How did simplification occur in the vocal circuit? To distinguish shared from divergent mechanisms, we examined activity from the calling brain and vocal organ (larynx) in two species that independently evolved simplified calls. We find that each species uses distinct neural and neuromuscular strategies to produce the simplified calls. Isolated Xenopus borealis brains produce fictive vocal patterns that match temporal patterns of actual male calls; the larynx converts nerve activity faithfully into muscle contractions and single clicks. In contrast, fictive patterns from isolated Xenopus boumbaensis brains are short bursts of nerve activity; the isolated larynx requires stimulus bursts to produce a single click of sound. Thus, unlike X. borealis, the output of the X. boumbaensis hindbrain vocal pattern generator is an ancestral burst-type pattern, transformed by the larynx into single clicks. Temporally simple advertisement calls in genetically distant species of Xenopus have thus arisen independently via reconfigurations of central and peripheral vocal neuroeffectors.
Kieker monitoring data of application operation call traces of CoCoME
<p>The uploaded files represent different runs of CoCoME with different<br> workload configurations. In general the workloads start with<br> 10 shoppers shopping and is then interrupted by some administration<br> operations to adjust prices for a special sale. After that shoppers<br> return to the site. Depending on the workload in various numbers and<br> for different durations.</p> <p>In the following we explain the different workload configurations:<br> - kieker-20141103-195412267-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-140254415-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 500 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-003902628-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 150 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-232909805-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 50 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-215630838-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 120 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-070211796-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 90 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-060042643-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 70 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-050803295-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 50 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-011853225-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 200 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-032100601-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 300 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-212010120-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 10 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-190943649-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 20 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-020617388-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70-20 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-194453375-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 60 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-221637864-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 130 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-200357512-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 1 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-042254202-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 30 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-192643168-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 40 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-190203561-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 10 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-044425791-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 40 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-225338449-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 30 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-053345728-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 60 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-231115376-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 40 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141105-114942900-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 1000 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-193540165-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 50 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-073538044-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 80 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-191755265-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 30 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-210048642-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 100 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-234712972-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 60 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-022613492-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 250 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141105-144447507-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 2000 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-081423319-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 1 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-223632908-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 20 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-000527717-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141103-213652715-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 110 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-063024890-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 80 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-071827776-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 70 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>- kieker-20141104-075444826-UTC-j2eeservice-KIEKER-TEST.tar.gz<br> - 90 shoppers for 100 iterations</p> <p>contact: reiner.jung@email.uni-kiel.de</p>
FIGURE 6 in Redescription of Allobates brunneus (Cope) 1887 (Anura: Aromobatidae: Allobatinae), with a description of the tadpole, call, and reproductive behavior
FIGURE 6. View of oral disc of a stage 39 tadpole of Allobates brunneus from lot INPA-H 10043.
FIGURE 3 in Redescription of Allobates brunneus (Cope) 1887 (Anura: Aromobatidae: Allobatinae), with a description of the tadpole, call, and reproductive behavior
FIGURE 3. Ventral view of hand (A) and foot (B) of Allobates brunneus male INPA-H 10139.
FIGURE 11 in A review of the milliped genus Haplogonopus with commentary on the so-called " Charactopygus-Bildung " modification of spirostreptid paraprocts (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae)
FIGURE 11. Schematic representation of "diastemmate" modification of paraprocts, posterior aspect.
FIGURES 3–4. Oecanthus lineolatus. 3 in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)
FIGURES 3–4. Oecanthus lineolatus. 3—male, habitus, dorsal view; 4—female, habitus, dorsal view,
FIGURE 10 in A new species of bright-eyed treefrog (Mantellidae) from Madagascar, with comments on call evolution and patterns of syntopy in the Boophis ankaratra complex
FIGURE 10. Dorsal pattern and color variation of six living specimens of Boophis boppa.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.