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3,583 results for “elevations”
Data from: Nectar robbing rather than pollinator availability constrains reproduction of a bee-flowered plant at high elevations
<p>The files contain data on the floral ecology of <em>Clinopodium alpinum</em> collected along an elevational gradient in the Berchtesgaden National Park in Germany in 2017. The data are presented in the work entitled "Nectar robbing rather than pollinator availability constrains reproduction of a bee-flowered plant at high elevations" by Patrick L. Kohl and Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter. Files include data on flower visitor observations (including raw data on the number of visits by individual specifmens), data on seed/ovule ratios (both open pollinated and bagged flowers), data on the incidence of nectar robbing by bumble bees (the frequency of corolla perforations) and of flower herbivory by Eulophidae, and data on basic flowering traits of <em>C. alpinum</em> (number of flowers per inflorescence, corolla tube length, display size).</p>
FIGURE 3. Geum elatum. A in Geum rubrum comb. nov. (Rosaceae), elevation of Geum elatum forma rubrum to species rank
FIGURE 3. Geum elatum. A. Habit; B. Flower; C. Sepal; D. Petal (2x); E. Stamen (2x); F. Carpels (2x); G. Achene.
FIGURE 1. A in Geum rubrum comb. nov. (Rosaceae), elevation of Geum elatum forma rubrum to species rank
FIGURE 1. A. Map showing the distribution of Geum rubrum in Kashmir Himalaya, India; B. Holotype © Natural History Museum, London; C. Specimen examined (46286 KASH).
Independent variation of avian sensitivity to climate change and trait-based adaptive capacity along a tropical elevational gradient
<p>Aim: How species respond to climate change is influenced by their sensitivity to climatic conditions (i.e., their climatic niche) and aspects of their adaptive capacity (e.g., their dispersal ability, ecological niche). To date, it is largely unknown whether and how species' sensitivity to climate change and their adaptive capacity covary. However, understanding this relationship is important to predict the potential consequences of a changing climate for species assemblages. Here, we test how species' sensitivity to climate change and trait-based measures of their ecological adaptive capacity (i) vary along a broad elevational gradient and (ii) covary across a large number of bird species.</p> <p>Location: A Neotropical elevational gradient (300 - 3600 m.a.s.l.) in the Manú biosphere reserve, south‐east Peru.</p> <p>Methods: We focus on 215 frugivorous bird species along a Neotropical elevational gradient. We approximate species' sensitivity to climate change by their climatic niche breadth, based on species occurrences across South America and bioclimatic variables. In addition, we use a trait-based approach to estimate the dispersal ability of species (approximated by their wing pointedness), their dietary niche breadth (approximated by bill width), and their habitat niche breadth (the number of used habitat classes).</p> <p>Results: We found that (i) species' climatic niche breadth increased with elevation, while their trait-based dispersal ability and dietary niche breadth decreased with elevation, and (ii) sensitivity to climate change and trait-based adaptive capacity were not related across species.</p> <p>Main conclusions: These results suggest different mechanisms of how species in lowland and highland assemblages might respond to climate change. The independent variation of species' sensitivity to climate change and their trait-based adaptive capacity suggests that accounting for both dimensions will improve assessments of species' susceptibility to climate change and potential impacts of climate change on diverse species assemblages.</p>
Response of 25-day old Eucalyptus globulus to elevated CO2
<p><span>Increasing [CO<sub>2</sub>] may influence commercial crop and timber yield. While selection of genotypes sensitive to elevated [CO<sub>2</sub>] (e[CO<sub>2</sub>]) appears possible in agricultural crops, there is limited evidence for genotype-by-CO<sub>2</sub> (G×CO<sub>2</sub>) interactions in commercial tree species. We examined [CO<sub>2</sub>] responsiveness in 124 open-pollinated <em>Eucalyptus globulus</em> subspecies globulus (<em>E. globulus</em>) families with the aim of assessing whether G×CO<sub>2</sub> interactions are detectable in seedlings for early-age screening. Plants were grown in ambient (a[CO<sub>2</sub>]; ~405 μmol mol<sup>-1</sup>) and e[CO<sub>2</sub>] (640 μmol mol<sup>-1</sup>) and harvested 25 days after germination. Total, shoot and root dry weights were determined for each plant. Carbon isotopic discrimination against 13C (Δ13C) was determined at the family level. We observed highly significant (p<0.0001) increases in mean total, shoot, and root dry weights. Mixed-model equations were used to estimate the main and interaction effects of the G×CO<sub>2</sub> for each mass trait. The main effects from the mixed model output ([CO<sub>2</sub>] and individual-tree effects) were significant for all traits. However, [CO<sub>2</sub>]-by-individual tree interactions were non-significant for all traits, indicating little G×CO<sub>2</sub> interaction. A secondary aim was to examine the correlation between greenhouse and mature-age growth from breeding trials that use common families conducted under ambient [C<sub>O2</sub>]. These correlations were non-significant, suggesting early growth is not necessarily indicative of later-age responses. </span>Our results suggest that while early growth of <em>E. globulus</em> is enhanced under e[CO<sub>2</sub>], genotypes respond relatively uniformly to e[CO<sub>2</sub>] and little opportunity exists for seedling-based selection at the population level based upon the response of plants during the first weeks of growth.</p>
SPOT5 (2007), ASTER (2016) and SPOT7 (2018) Digital Elevation Models of Little Kluane Glacier (Yukon Territory)
<p>===========================</p> <p>Authors</p> <p>Etienne BERTHIER</p> <p>LEGOS, Université de Toulouse, CNES, CNRS, IRD, UPS, 31400 Toulouse, France,</p> <p>===========================<br> 1. Collection</p> <p>This collection contains three digital elevation models (DEMs) of "Little Kluane" Glacier (Yukon Territory, Canada) with an horizontal grid spacing of 30 m<br> * SPOT5, 13 September 2007<br> * ASTER, 30 September 2017<br> * SPOT7, 1 October 2018</p> <p>The original SPOT5 DEM was obtained from the SPIRIT project (Korona et al., 2009)<br> ASTER and SPOT7 DEMs have been derived using the Ames Stereo Pipeline (Beyer et al., 2018) from stereo images using the set of correlation of parameters in Deschamps-Berger et al. (2020)</p> <p>All DEMs have been coregistered and bias-corrected to the Copernicus 30 m global DEM following the methods of Berthier & Brun (2019)</p> <p><br> ===========================</p> <p>2. Dataset Acknowledgement</p> <p>* SPOT5 data were obtained thanks to funding from CNES during the fourth international polar year.<br> * SPOT7 data were obtained thanks to DINAMIS Project, for “Dispositif Institutionnel National d’Approvisionnement Mutualisé en Imagerie Satellitaire”, a French platform that acquires and distributes very high resolution Earth satellite imagery for French and foreign institutional users under specific subscription conditions.<br> * ASTER data were provided by NASA (U.S.) and METI (Japan).</p> <p>===========================</p> <p>3. Dataset Attribution</p> <p>This dataset is licensed under a Creative Commons CC BY-NC 4.0 International License (Attribution-NonCommercial).</p> <p><br> ===========================</p> <p>4. Related publication</p> <p>This dataset has been generated for and used in a publication to be submitted to the Journal of Glaciology :<br> Morin, A., Flowers, G. E., Nolan, A., Brinkerhoff, D. J., and Berthier, E.: Exploiting high-slip ?ow regimes to improve bed inference, submitted.<br> </p> <p>===========================</p> <p>5. Collection Location</p> <p>Yukon Territory of Canada<br> Bounding box: WGS 84 / UTM zone 7N</p> <p><north>6771585.730</north><br> <south>6739845.730</south><br> <east>564391.250</east><br> <west>601261.250</west></p> <p><br> ===========================</p> <p>References</p> <p>Berthier, E. and Brun, F.: Karakoram geodetic glacier mass balances between 2008 and 2016: persistence of the anomaly and influence of a large rock avalanche on Siachen Glacier, J Glaciol, 65, 494–507, https://doi.org/10.1017/jog.2019.32, 2019.<br> Beyer, R. A., Alexandrov, O., and McMichael, S.: The Ames Stereo Pipeline: NASA’s Open Source Software for Deriving and Processing Terrain Data, Earth and Space Science, 5, 537–548, https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EA000409, 2018.<br> Deschamps-Berger, C., Gascoin, S., Berthier, E., Deems, J., Gutmann, E., Dehecq, A., Shean, D., and Dumont, M.: Snow depth mapping from stereo satellite imagery in mountainous terrain: evaluation using airborne laser-scanning data, The Cryosphere, 14, 2925–2940, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2925-2020, 2020.<br> Korona, J., Berthier, E., Bernard, M., Remy, F., and Thouvenot, E.: SPIRIT. SPOT 5 stereoscopic survey of Polar Ice: Reference Images and Topographies during the fourth International Polar Year (2007-2009), ISPRS J. Photogramm., 64, 204–212, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2008.10.005, 2009.</p> <p> </p>
Let it snow? Spring snowpack and microsite characterize the regeneration niche of high-elevation pines
<p><b>Aim: </b>The persistence potential of forests under rapid climate change will depend on species-specific tolerances to increasing growing season soil moisture stress as snowpack declines. High-elevation tree species may be particularly vulnerable to increasing water stress and associated changes to disturbance regimes because they occur at the environmental margins of tree distributions and are considered snowpack dependent. Here, we evaluate the interacting effects of climate, disturbance, and microsite conditions on tree regeneration in high-elevation, migration-limited pines that have experienced recent disturbance-induced tree mortality.</p> <p><b>Location</b>: Great Basin (California & Nevada), USA</p> <p><b>Taxon: </b>Gymnosperms; Pinaceae</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We used field observations from 70 sites that varied in climate, disturbance, and local site conditions across semi-arid, high-elevation forests of the Great Basin. We employed structural equation models to evaluate how climate and disturbance interact with microsite conditions to influence regeneration.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>We found a broad range of establishment conditions of high-elevation conifers - whitebark, limber, and bristlecone pines – across climatic and disturbance gradients in the Great Basin, but our research detected clear differences in the regeneration niche for each species that may lead to differential survival as climate and disturbance conditions continue to change. Regeneration of whitebark and bristlecone pines diverged in their responses to spring snowpack conditions, with whitebark pine increasing and bristlecone pine decreasing with greater spring snowpack. Limber pine regenerated across a range of climatic and landscape conditions, and this generalist strategy may be advantageous if future climate and disturbance conditions exceed tolerances of more specialized species.</p> <p><b>Main Conclusions: </b>Our findings highlight the critical role that spring snowpack, and consequently growing season soil moisture, plays in determining the persistence potential of high-elevation conifers. However, this role varies among species and thus may drive compositional changes as earlier snowmelt drives soil moisture declines across mountainous landscapes of the western United States.</p>
Lichen holobionts show compositional structure along elevation
<p>Holobionts are dynamic ecosystems that may respond to abiotic drivers with compositional changes. Uncovering elevational diversity patterns within these microecosystems can further our understanding of community-environment interactions. Here we assess how the major components of lichen holobionts – fungal hosts, green algal symbionts, and the bacterial community – collectively respond to an elevational gradient.</p> <p>We analyze populations of two lichen symbioses, Umbilicaria pustulata and U. hispanica, along an elevational gradient spanning 2100 altitudinal meters and covering three major biomes. Our study shows (i) discontinuous genomic variation in fungal hosts with one abrupt genomic differentiation within each of the two host species, (ii) altitudinally structured bacterial communities with pronounced turnover within and between hosts, and (iii) altitude-specific presence of algal symbionts. Alpha diversity of bacterial communities decreased with increasing elevation. A marked turnover in holobiont diversity occurred across two altitudinal belts: at 11-13°C average annual temperature (here: 800-1200m a.s.l.), and at 7-9°C average annual temperature (here: 1500-1800m a.s.l.). The two observed zones mark a clustering of distribution limits and community shifts. The three ensuing altitudinal classes, i.e. the most frequent combinations of species in holobionts, approximately correspond to the Mediterranean, cool-temperate, and alpine climate zones. We conclude that multitrophic microecosystems, such as lichen holobionts, respond with concerted compositional changes to climatic factors that also structure communities of macroorganisms, e.g. vascular plants.</p>
Exposure to elevated temperature during development affects bumblebee foraging behavior
<p><span>Bee foraging behavior provides a pollination service that has both ecological and economic benefits. However, bee population decline could directly affect the efficiency of this interaction. Among the drivers of this decline, global warming has been implicated as an emerging threat but exactly how increasing temperatures affect bee foraging behavior remains unexplored. Here, we assessed how exposure to elevated temperatures during development affects the foraging behavior and morphology of workers from commercial and wild <em>Bombus terrestris</em> colonies. Workers reared at 33°C had a higher visiting rate and shorter visiting time than those reared at 27°C. In addition, far fewer workers reared at 33°C engaged in foraging activities and this is potentially related to the drastic reduction in the number of individuals produced in colonies exposed to 33°C. The impact of elevated developmental temperature on wild colonies was even stronger as none of the workers from these colonies performed any foraging trips. We also found that rearing temperature affected wing size and shape. Our results provide the first evidence that colony temperature can have striking effects on bumblebee foraging behavior. Of particular importance is the drastic reduction in the number of workers performing foraging trips, and the total number of foraging trips made by workers reared in high temperatures. Further studies should explore if, ultimately, these observed effects of exposure to elevated temperature during development lead to a reduction in pollination efficiency.</span></p>
Do habitat and elevation promote hybridization during secondary contact between three genetically distinct groups of warbling vireo (Vireo gilvus)?
<p>Following postglacial expansion, secondary contact can occur between genetically distinct lineages. These genetic lineages may be associated with specific habitat or environmental variables and therefore, their distributions in secondary contact could reflect such conditions within these areas. Here we used mtDNA, microsatellite, and morphological data to study three genetically distinct groups of warbling vireo (Vireo gilvus) and investigate the role that elevation and habitat play in their distributions. We studied two main contact zones and within each contact zone, we examined two separate transects. Across the Great Plains contact zone, we found that hybridization between eastern and western groups occurs along a habitat and elevational gradient, whereas hybridization across the Rocky Mountain contact zone was not as closely associated with habitat or elevation. Hybrids in the Great Plains contact zone were more common in transitional areas between deciduous and mixed-wood forests, and at lower elevations (<1000 m). Hybridization patterns were similar along both Great Plains transects indicating that habitat and elevation play a role in hybridization between distinct eastern and western genetic groups. The observed patterns suggest adaptation to different habitats, perhaps originating during isolation in multiple Pleistocene refugia, is facilitating hybridization in areas where habitat types overlap.</p>
Distribution. NW Argentina (La Rioja Province), occurs at the type locality and probably nearby areas, in Sierra de Famatina, reaching elevations up to 3800 m. in Ctenomyidae
Distribution. NW Argentina (La Rioja Province), occurs at the type locality and probably nearby areas, in Sierra de Famatina, reaching elevations up to 3800 m.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.c.convelatusAnthony,1924—WslopeoftheAndesinNEcuadoratelevationsof1100-2300m. C. c. barbarensis Bublitz, 1987 — W range of the Andes in Colombia at elevations of 1800-3800 m. in Caenolestidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.c.convelatusAnthony,1924—WslopeoftheAndesinNEcuadoratelevationsof1100-2300m. C. c. barbarensis Bublitz, 1987 — W range of the Andes in Colombia at elevations of 1800-3800 m.
Distribution. Bolivian lowlands (NE to the Chiquitano Mts and SW to the piedmont elevations in the subandean region) and SW Brazilian Amazon in the upper Madeira River, and the Beni, Ichilo, Marmoré, Ipurupuru, Iboré, Baré, Abuna, and Iténez (= Guaporé) rivers and their tributaries, all of which drain into the Madeira; recently also recorded below Santo Antonio falls between the cities of Porto Velho and Borba. in Iniidae
Distribution. Bolivian lowlands (NE to the Chiquitano Mts and SW to the piedmont elevations in the subandean region) and SW Brazilian Amazon in the upper Madeira River, and the Beni, Ichilo, Marmoré, Ipurupuru, Iboré, Baré, Abuna, and Iténez (= Guaporé) rivers and their tributaries, all of which drain into the Madeira; recently also recorded below Santo Antonio falls between the cities of Porto Velho and Borba.
Digital elevation data of Nakadake first crater, Aso Volcano, Japan, in March and May 2015
<p>We here present two digital elevation models (DEMs) for the Nakadake first crater, Aso Volcano, Japan (Kazama et al., 2015). The DEMs were created using the software of Agisoft PhotoScan (version: 1.1.5), and synthesized from photographs taken with DJI Phantom 2 Vision FC200 and PENTAX Optio WG-2. Two zip files (1503.zip and 1505.zip) correspond to the DEMs as of March and May 2015, originating from the photo data taken on March 26-27 and May 8, 2015, respectively. In synthesizing the DEMs, the absolute coordinate of the ground surface was fixed by seven ground control points (GCPs) located around the crater; the GCPs' coordinates had been determined with GNSS surveys in advance.</p> <p>In each zip file (15??.zip), 15??.xyz indicates the raw topographic data, and its each line contains longitude [deg], latitude [deg] and elevation [m]. The DEM resolution is 0.000005 deg (~= 50 cm) for longitude and latitude, and 0.000001 m for elevation. Both 15??.stl and 15??.pdf are the three-dimensional shape of the DEM data, and they can be shown using typical 3D viewers and Adobe Acrobat Reader, respectively. Both 15??.jpg and 15??.kmz are the orthophotographs of the Nakadake crater; in particular, 15??.kmz can be projected to maps using map softwares such as Google Earth Pro.</p> <p>Note that the DEM coordinate may contain random and/or systematic errors greater than the DEM resolution. According to the PhotoScan software, the coordinate errors of the GCPs were estimated to be (longitude, latitude, elevation) = (0.62, 4.01, 6.87) and (4.27, 3.94, 1.78) meters for 1503.xyz and 1505.xyz, respectively.</p> <p>Acknowledgments: Aso Volcano Disaster Prevention Council helped us taking photographs at the Nakadake first crater.</p>
Distribution. Endemic to Madagascar, where it occurs at elevations of 50-200 m in the most exueme N; S distributional limits lie at c. 14 S between Ambilobe and Antsohihy. in Rhinonycteridae
Distribution. Endemic to Madagascar, where it occurs at elevations of 50-200 m in the most exueme N; S distributional limits lie at c. 14 S between Ambilobe and Antsohihy.
Subspecies and Distribution. D. m. microps Merriam, 1904 — SW USA (Owens River drainage of W Mojave Desert, S California). D. m. alfredi Goldman, 1937 — W USA (Gunnison I, Great Salt Lake, Utah). D. m. aquilonius Willett, 1935 — W USA (lower elevations of the Great Basin Desert of NE California and NW Nevada). D. m. bonneuvillei Goldman, 1937 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of NE Nevada and NW Utah, corresponding closely with the former outline of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville). D. m. celsus Goldman, 1924 — SW USA (possibly disjunct distribution in Virgin River Valley of SW Utah and adjacent NW Arizona). D. m. centralis Hall & Dale, 1939 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of C & E Nevada). D. m. idahoensis Hall & Dale, 1939 — W USA (restricted to the Snake River Valley, SW Idaho). D. m. leucotis Goldman, 1931 — SW USA (restricted distribution between the Vermilion Cliffs and the brink of Marble Canyon of the Colorado River in N Arizona). D. m. levipes Merriam, 1904 — SW USA (restricted to Panamint Valley, S California). D. m. occidentalis Hall & Dale, 1939 — SW USA (Great Basin Desert in W & S Nevada and disjunct, restricted populations in the W Mojave Desert, SE California). D. m. preblei Goldman, 1921 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of SE Oregon and NW Nevada). D. m. russeolus Goldman, 1939 — W USA (Dolphin I, Great Salt Lake, Utah). D. m. subtenuis Goldman, 1939 -W USA (Badger, Carrington, and Stansbury Is, Great Salt Lake, and S on the mainland to Cedar Valley, NC Utah). in Heteromyidae
Subspecies and Distribution. D. m. microps Merriam, 1904 — SW USA (Owens River drainage of W Mojave Desert, S California). D. m. alfredi Goldman, 1937 — W USA (Gunnison I, Great Salt Lake, Utah). D. m. aquilonius Willett, 1935 — W USA (lower elevations of the Great Basin Desert of NE California and NW Nevada). D. m. bonneuvillei Goldman, 1937 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of NE Nevada and NW Utah, corresponding closely with the former outline of Pleistocene Lake Bonneville). D. m. celsus Goldman, 1924 — SW USA (possibly disjunct distribution in Virgin River Valley of SW Utah and adjacent NW Arizona). D. m. centralis Hall & Dale, 1939 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of C & E Nevada). D. m. idahoensis Hall & Dale, 1939 — W USA (restricted to the Snake River Valley, SW Idaho). D. m. leucotis Goldman, 1931 — SW USA (restricted distribution between the Vermilion Cliffs and the brink of Marble Canyon of the Colorado River in N Arizona). D. m. levipes Merriam, 1904 — SW USA (restricted to Panamint Valley, S California). D. m. occidentalis Hall & Dale, 1939 — SW USA (Great Basin Desert in W & S Nevada and disjunct, restricted populations in the W Mojave Desert, SE California). D. m. preblei Goldman, 1921 — W USA (Great Basin Desert of SE Oregon and NW Nevada). D. m. russeolus Goldman, 1939 — W USA (Dolphin I, Great Salt Lake, Utah). D. m. subtenuis Goldman, 1939 -W USA (Badger, Carrington, and Stansbury Is, Great Salt Lake, and S on the mainland to Cedar Valley, NC Utah).
Subspecies and Distribution. S.c.cassiquiarensisLesson,1840—ColombianAmazon(betweenriosVichadaandApaporisWtotheupperriosGuaviareandApaporisintheAndes),SVenezuela(upperOrinoco-Cassiquiare),andtheBrazilianAmazonNoftheRioSolimoes(WoftheRioNegroandRioDeminiandNoftheRioJapura). S. c. albigenavon Pusch, 1942 — C Colombia, in a small area between the E slopes of the Cordillera Oriental and the Eastern Llanos, from Boyaca and Arauca departments S to the upper Rio Guaviare in Meta, and the upper Rio Magdalena in Huila departments to elevations of 1500 m; the E limits of the distribution in the departments of Arauca and Casanare are unknown. in Cebidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S.c.cassiquiarensisLesson,1840—ColombianAmazon(betweenriosVichadaandApaporisWtotheupperriosGuaviareandApaporisintheAndes),SVenezuela(upperOrinoco-Cassiquiare),andtheBrazilianAmazonNoftheRioSolimoes(WoftheRioNegroandRioDeminiandNoftheRioJapura). S. c. albigenavon Pusch, 1942 — C Colombia, in a small area between the E slopes of the Cordillera Oriental and the Eastern Llanos, from Boyaca and Arauca departments S to the upper Rio Guaviare in Meta, and the upper Rio Magdalena in Huila departments to elevations of 1500 m; the E limits of the distribution in the departments of Arauca and Casanare are unknown.
Subspecies and Distribution. S. b. boliviensis 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & de Blainville, 1834 — upper Brazilian Amazon S of the Rio Solimoes, from between the rios Jurua and Tefé extending S into SE Peru (S of Rio Abujao, Ucayali Department) and N Bolivia W of the Rio Guaporé (Beni, Cochabamba, Pando, and Santa Cruz departments, including the upper Madeira Basin), at elevations of 50-500 m. S. b. peruviensis Hershkovitz, 1984 — N & C Peru, S of the Rio Maranon-Amazonas, from the W bank of the Rio Tapiche W to the Rio Huallaga, and S through the departments of San Martin and of Huanuco (to c.10° S), and Ucayali (between the rios Pachitea and Tambo, at least as far as the Rio Abujao); also possibly in Brazil (Amazonas State), at elevations of 90-800 m. in Cebidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S. b. boliviensis 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire & de Blainville, 1834 — upper Brazilian Amazon S of the Rio Solimoes, from between the rios Jurua and Tefé extending S into SE Peru (S of Rio Abujao, Ucayali Department) and N Bolivia W of the Rio Guaporé (Beni, Cochabamba, Pando, and Santa Cruz departments, including the upper Madeira Basin), at elevations of 50-500 m. S. b. peruviensis Hershkovitz, 1984 — N & C Peru, S of the Rio Maranon-Amazonas, from the W bank of the Rio Tapiche W to the Rio Huallaga, and S through the departments of San Martin and of Huanuco (to c.10° S), and Ucayali (between the rios Pachitea and Tambo, at least as far as the Rio Abujao); also possibly in Brazil (Amazonas State), at elevations of 90-800 m.
Subspecies and Distribution. S.o.oerstediiReinhardt,1872—PacificcoastofSECostaRica(PuntarenasProvince)andSWPanama(ChiriquiProvince),fromtheSbankoftheRioGrandedeTérrabatothemouthoftheRioFonsecaandtheArchipelagooftheGolfodeChiriqui;inPanamaelevationsfromsealevelto500m. S. o. citrinellus Thomas, 1904 — historically along the Pacific coast of W Costa Rica in Puntarenas Province (elevations up to 500 m), the NE limit marked by the Rio Tulin in the N Herradura Mts (9° 40' N, 84° 35° W) and Dota Mts (9° 37' N, 84° 35° W), and the S limit by the N bank of the Rio Grande de Térraba (8° 25' N, 84° 25' W); its populations are entirely fragmented. in Cebidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S.o.oerstediiReinhardt,1872—PacificcoastofSECostaRica(PuntarenasProvince)andSWPanama(ChiriquiProvince),fromtheSbankoftheRioGrandedeTérrabatothemouthoftheRioFonsecaandtheArchipelagooftheGolfodeChiriqui;inPanamaelevationsfromsealevelto500m. S. o. citrinellus Thomas, 1904 — historically along the Pacific coast of W Costa Rica in Puntarenas Province (elevations up to 500 m), the NE limit marked by the Rio Tulin in the N Herradura Mts (9° 40' N, 84° 35° W) and Dota Mts (9° 37' N, 84° 35° W), and the S limit by the N bank of the Rio Grande de Térraba (8° 25' N, 84° 25' W); its populations are entirely fragmented.
Subspecies and Distribution. L.t.tardigradusLinnaeus,1758—SWSriLanka(Western&Southernprovinces),fromtheoutskirtsofColombointheNtoRannaintheS,atlowerelevationsupto¢.470mabovesealevel. L. t. nycticeboides Hill, 1942 — Sri Lanka (Central Province highlands), at elevations of 1650-2000 m above sea level. in Lorisidae
Subspecies and Distribution. L.t.tardigradusLinnaeus,1758—SWSriLanka(Western&Southernprovinces),fromtheoutskirtsofColombointheNtoRannaintheS,atlowerelevationsupto¢.470mabovesealevel. L. t. nycticeboides Hill, 1942 — Sri Lanka (Central Province highlands), at elevations of 1650-2000 m above sea level.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.