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Fig. 2 in Genetic characterisation of Tanqua (von Linstow, 1879) (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) larval forms including new host and locality records

Fig. 2. Larval nematodes identified as Tanqua sp. 2A specimen 674-1 anterior tip (20x); 2B specimen 678-1 showing tooth like projections of pseudolabia (tl) and lateral pseudolabium (lp) (40x); 2C specimen 674-1 posterior trunk (4x) showing annulations (an). and 2D specimen 678-9 tail (20x) respectively showing annulations (an) and anus (as). The circled area in Fig. 2A is indicative of the damage to internal structures which precluded detailed morphological examination.

Fig. 1 in Genetic characterisation of Tanqua (von Linstow, 1879) (Nematoda: Gnathostomatidae) larval forms including new host and locality records

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree (of 18S sequences of nematodes) inferred using the Maximum Likelihood Method. The bootstrap values higher than 80 are indicated next to the branches. The new sequences generated from this study are indicated with asterisks.

Fig. 4 in Habitat associations and impacts on a juvenile fish host by a temperate gnathiid isopod

Fig. 4. Significant abiotic parameters (lunar illumination and wave height) vs. gnathiid density per trap. Lines represent negative binomial linear regressions with standard error margins.

Fig. 3 in Habitat associations and impacts on a juvenile fish host by a temperate gnathiid isopod

Fig. 3. Box plots of gnathiid density (per trap) by trap type. Points represent outliers (>1.5x and <3x of the interquartile range beyond the end of the box; the maximum number of gnathiids collected in a light-baited sample (763) is not shown).

Fig. 2 in Habitat associations and impacts on a juvenile fish host by a temperate gnathiid isopod

Fig. 2. Photograph of a juvenile (left) and adult male (right) Gnathia tridens collected during sampling. Adult male specimen was used for species identification (adult male photo and species identification was completed by Nico J. Smit at North-West University).

Fig. 5 in Habitat associations and impacts on a juvenile fish host by a temperate gnathiid isopod

Fig. 5. Box plots of significant burst swimming performance metrics by fish size class and gnathiid treatment level. Points represent outliers (>1.5x and <3x of the interquartile range beyond the ends of boxes).

Fig. 1 in Habitat associations and impacts on a juvenile fish host by a temperate gnathiid isopod

Fig. 1. Design schematic and photograph of in situ emergence trap used for sampling. A Control trap is illustrated. "Light-baited" and "Fish-baited" traps used the same design but contained a single submersible light (for light-baited) or a 60–90 mm giant kelpfish (for fish-baited) within the 1 L plastic bottle at the top of the traps.

Fig. 3 in Association of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) and bats: Richness and host specificity in Western Mexico

Fig. 3. Taxonomic trees with the STD value for the hosts that presented more than two species of parasites. *The value represents the number of steps to get from one host to another since there are only two host species.

Fig. 5 in Ascaridoid parasites in European sardine throughout the annual cycle: Variability in parasitic load according to host stock features

Fig. 5. Plot of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) individuals by total length (cm) and its correlation with the number of ascaridoids. Orange: FAO Division 27.9. a Portuguese Waters - East; blue: GSA 1 Alboran; light grey: GSA 6 Northern Spain; electric blue: GSA 17 Northern Adriatic; pink: GSA 22 Aegean. The red dotted line shows the lowest sardine size parasitised; the black dotted line indicates the critical length from which the differences in the number of parasites cease to be significant. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Association of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) and bats: Richness and host specificity in Western Mexico

Fig. 2. Interaction network between bats and ectoparasites captured in Western Mexico. The lines represent interactions between species, and the width of the line indicates the strength of the interactions.

Fig. 3. A in Ascaridoid parasites in European sardine throughout the annual cycle: Variability in parasitic load according to host stock features

Fig. 3. A. General picture of the Spearman correlation matrixes among the European sardine's (Sardina pilchardus) condition indices, including the abundance of ascaridoid nematodes in the parasitised stocks (Atlantic, Northern Spain and Northern Adriatic). Total length (TL; cm), relative condition index (Kn), tissue fat content (%), mesenteric fat scale, gonadosomatic index (GSI; %), and hepatosomatic index (HSI; %) were related among each other and with the number of parasites per fish. The colour gradient from maroon to dark blue corresponds to the correlation with strength, from negative to positive, respectively. The empty squares represent a nonsignificant correlation according to a p value of <0.05*. B. Annual trends of tissue fat content (%) and GSI (%). Orange: FAO Division 27.9. a Portuguese Waters - East; blue: GSA 1 Alboran; light grey: GSA 6 Northern Spain; electric blue: GSA 17 Northern Adriatic; pink: GSA 22 Aegean. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 1 in Ascaridoid parasites in European sardine throughout the annual cycle: Variability in parasitic load according to host stock features

Fig. 1. Map of the European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) stocks sampled along its distribution (in dark grey) by subareas (FAO divisions in the Atlantic and GFCM - GSAs (into FAO Major Fishing Area 37 in the Mediterranean)). Orange: FAO Division 27.9. a Portuguese Waters - East; blue: GSA 1 Alboran; light grey: GSA 6 Northern Spain; electric blue: GSA 17 Northern Adriatic; pink: GSA 22 Aegean. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Ascaridoid parasites in European sardine throughout the annual cycle: Variability in parasitic load according to host stock features

Fig. 2. Ascaridoid nematodes observed under the UV-press method. A) A specimen of Anisakis simplex (s.s.) and B) four individuals of Hysterothylacium aduncum found in sardines from the Atlantic stock (FAO Division 27.9. a Portuguese Waters – East).

Fig. 4. A in Ascaridoid parasites in European sardine throughout the annual cycle: Variability in parasitic load according to host stock features

Fig. 4. A. Seasonal variations in the frequency of the reproductive developmental stages (those defined by Brown-Peterson et al., 2011) of European sardine (Sardina pilchardus) in the stocks analysed. B. Presence and absence of parasitism by reproductive developmental stage in the stocks with ascaridoids prevalence. Atlantic: FAO Division 27.9. a Portuguese Waters - East; Alboran: GSA 1; Northern Spain: GSA 6; Northern Adriatic: GSA 17; Aegean: GSA 22. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 2. Schematic representation of the experimental system used to test the host selection behavior of the isopods in the single-host treatments. A: Tachaea chinensis at 20-min acclimation. B: T. chinensis after release.

Fig. 3 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 3. Schematic representation of the experimental system used to test the host selection behavior of the isopods in the common vs un-common host treatments. A: Tachaea chinensis at 20-min acclimation. B: T. chinensis after release.

Fig. 7 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 7. Average predation proportion of Tachaea chinensis in each freshwater decapod's species treatment. Fishers exact test, *P <0.05, **P <0.01.

Fig. 9 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 9. Attachments of Tachaea chinensis on various freshwater decapods during this study. The arrows indicate the position of the isopod on the host. (a) T. chinensis on the left-side of the carapace of Palaemon paucidens; (b) T. chinensis on the right-side of the carapace of Procambarus clarkii; (c) T. chinensis attached on the right-side of the carapace of Neocaridina spp.; and (d) T. chinensis initially clinging on the abdomen of Macrobrachium nipponense.

Fig. 5 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 5. Selection percentage of Tachaea chinensis in the single-host treatments. Each treatment was repeated 10 times (one isopod per treatment); *: P <0.05, ***: P <0.001, ****: P <0.0001 (Binomial test of significance).

Fig. 1 in Host selection and potential predation in the host-parasite interaction between the isopod Tachaea chinensis and freshwater host species

Fig. 1. Eight different host options were used to investigate the host selection of Tachaea. chinensis isopods. (a) Palaemon paucidens; (b) Palaemon sinensis; (c) Neocaridina spp.; (d) Macrobrachium nipponense; (e) Procambarus clarkii; (f) Rhodeus ocellatus; (g) Oryzias latipes and (h) Artificial P. paucidens.