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FIGURE 7 in The genus Cyphoderopsis Carpenter (Collembola: Paronellidae) in Thailand and a faunal transition at the Isthmus of Kra in Troglopedetinae

FIGURE 7. Cyphoderopsis cavicola sp. nov. (A) Chaetotaxy of basal area of labium, right side; (B) Different types of antennal chaetae (see text for chaeta type numbering); (C) Dorsal side of Ant.IV, right side; (D) Ventral side of Ant.IV, right side; (E) Organite of Ant.III, left side; (F) Chaetotaxy of Th.II (macrochaetae and S-chaetae).

FIGURE 5 in The genus Cyphoderopsis Carpenter (Collembola: Paronellidae) in Thailand and a faunal transition at the Isthmus of Kra in Troglopedetinae

FIGURE 5. Cyphoderopsis thachana sp. nov. (A) Chaetotaxy of basal area of labium; (B) Outer maxillary lobe, right side; (C) Labrum, distal part in ventral view with two lateral combs and two central curved rods; (D) Different types of antennal chaetae (see text for chaeta type numbering); (E) Tergite chaetotaxy, left side (mes number not complete); (F) Two types of S-chaetae on Th.II; (G) Foot complex and distal part of tibiotarsus III; (H) Claw and distal part of tibiotarsus III; (I) Anterior side of ventral tube; (J) Dens and mucro; (K) Mucro.

FIGURE 3 in The genus Cyphoderopsis Carpenter (Collembola: Paronellidae) in Thailand and a faunal transition at the Isthmus of Kra in Troglopedetinae

FIGURE 3. Cyphoderopsis phangnga sp. nov., continued, (A) Two types of S-chaetae on tergites; (B) Dorsal chaetotaxy of head; some fallen mes may have been unnoticed; (C) Antero-lateral trichobothrium-like chaeta on head (X); (D) Chaetotaxy of tergites, left side (M, macrochaeta; lateral group of macrochaetae encircled by dotted line; mes number not complete); (E) Trichobothrial complexes of Abd.II–III, left side; (F) Trichobothrial complex of Abd.IV (T1 and T2), left side. Filled black circles on Abd.II-Abd.IV trichobothrial areas: sockets of modified mesochaetae.

FIGURE 4 in The genus Cyphoderopsis Carpenter (Collembola: Paronellidae) in Thailand and a faunal transition at the Isthmus of Kra in Troglopedetinae

FIGURE 4. Cyphoderopsis phangnga sp. nov., continued, (A) Tibiotarsus II showing three smooth pointed dorsal mic and tenent hair (ordinary chaetae not drawn); (B) Foot complexand distal part of tibiotarsus III; (C) Ventral tube in antero-lateral view; (D) Posterior side of ventral tube; (E) Dens and mucro (subadult); (F) Different types of dental chaetae: ordinary chaetae (1–4) and spines (5–7); (G) Different types of scales on dens (1–3) and on ventral side of manubrium (4).

FIGURE 6 in The genus Cyphoderopsis Carpenter (Collembola: Paronellidae) in Thailand and a faunal transition at the Isthmus of Kra in Troglopedetinae

FIGURE 6. Cyphoderopsis khaophang sp. nov. (A) Habitus; (B) Dorsal side of Ant.IV, right side; (C) Ventral side of Ant.IV, right side; (D) Foot complex and distal part of tibiotarsus III with claw of another specimen; (E) Antero-lateral side of ventral tube; (F) Genital plate of male.

FIGURE 2 in The genus Cyphoderopsis Carpenter (Collembola: Paronellidae) in Thailand and a faunal transition at the Isthmus of Kra in Troglopedetinae

FIGURE 2. Cyphoderopsis phangnga sp. nov. (A) Habitus; (B) Chaetotaxy of basal area of labium, right side; (C) Outer maxillary lobe, right side; (D) Labrum and prelabral chaetae in dorsal view; (E) Distal spine of labrum, enlarged; (F) Different types of antennal chaetae (see text for chaeta type numbering); (G) Ant.IV in ventral view in a juvenile, left side; (H) Subapical organite of Ant.IV with protecting chaeta, left side.

FIGURE 1 in The genus Cyphoderopsis Carpenter (Collembola: Paronellidae) in Thailand and a faunal transition at the Isthmus of Kra in Troglopedetinae

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Paronellidae in sampled caves of Thailand. Black circles, caves with Cyphoderopsis. C1, C. thachana sp. nov.; C2, C. khaophang sp. nov. and C. cavicola sp. nov.; C3, C. phangnga sp. nov.; C4, Cyphoderopsis unidentified species (Tham Khao Noi, Phatthalung prov.); C5, Cyphoderopsis unidentified species (Tham Peung, Surat Thani prov.). Half plain red circles, Troglopedetes records. T1, T. maungonensis Deharveng & Gers, 1993; T2, T. maffrei Deharveng & Gers, 1993; T3, T. microps Deharveng & Gers, 1993; T4, T. longicornis Deharveng & Gers, 1993; T5, T. centralis Deharveng & Gers, 1993; T6, T. dispersus Deharveng & Gers, 1993; T7, T. multispinosus Deharveng & Gers, 1993; T8, T. convergens Deharveng & Gers, 1993; T9, T. paucisetosus Deharveng & Gers, 1993; T10, T. calvus Deharveng & Gers, 1993; T11, T. fredstonei Deharveng, 1988 and T. leclerci Deharveng, 1990; T12, Troglopedetes unidentified species (Tham Phakok, Tak prov.); T13, Troglopedetes unidentified species (Tham Mon, Kanchanaburi prov.); T14, Troglopedetes unidentified species (Tham Erawan, Lamphun prov). Empty blue circles, caves where no species of Cyphoderopsis or Troglopedetes have been found.

FIGURE 10 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE 10. Anterior portion of braincase in lateral view of A: Akodon diauarum n. sp. (MN 73906), B: A. paranaensis (MZUSP 29094), and C: A. montensis (UFMG 2695). Abbreviations: fps, frontoparietal suture; Fr, frontal; fss, frontosquamosal suture; lpp, lateral projection of the parietal; Pa, parietal; Sq, squamosal. Note that the frontosquamosal and the frontoparietal sutures are mostly colinear in A. montensis and A. paranaensis, but form an acute angle (approximate 90º) in Akodon diauarum n. sp., presenting an area of contact between the dorsal facet of frontal and squamosal (white arrow); and the lpp highly and moderately developed in Akodon diauarum n. sp. and A. paranaensis, respectively, but absent (or inconspicuous, when present) in A. montensis. Figures are not to scale to facilitate comparisons.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE 9. Selected anatomical features of the skull and mandible of Akodon diauarum n. sp. based on adult individuals (MZUSP 36029 [A-C, E-G, J], MZUSP 36038 [D], MCN-M 1382 [H], MN 73906 [I]): dorsal view: A) rostrum; B) interorbital region; C) braincase; ventral view: D) palatal region; F) posterior portion of the skull; lateral view: E) rostrum; G) posterior portion of the skull; ventrolateral (H) and lateral (I) views: of alisphenoid bone region; lateral view: J) mandible. Abbreviations are: ab, auditory bulla; als, alisphenoid strut; an, angular notch; ap, angular process; boc, basioccipital; bmf, buccinatormasticatory foramen; cap, capsular projection; cp, condyloid process; crp, coronoid process; Exo, exoccipital; foa, foramen ovale accessory; Fr, frontal; fs, frontal sinus; gp, gnathic process; if, incisive foramen; Ip, interparietal; la, lacrimal; lpp, lateral projection of the parietal; lr, lambdoidal ridge; mas, mastoid; Max, maxillary; mbt, trough for buccinator-masticatory branch of maxillary nerve; mf, mental foramen; ms, mesopterygoid fossa; Na, Nasal; nc, nasolacrimal capsule; Pa, parietal; Pal, palate; palc, posterior opening of the alisphenoid canal; pgf, postglenoid foramen; psp, posterior suspensory process of squamosal; Pre, premaxillae; pt, parapterygoid fossa; sag, squamosal-alisphenoid groove; sn, sigmoid notch; Sq, squamosal; ssf, subsquamosal fenestra; stf, stapedial foramen; szr, squamosal zygomatic root; tt, tegmen tympani; zn, zygomatic notch; zp, zygomatic plate. White-dotted lines indicate relative position of some anatomical features.

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE 6. Upper and lower left molar tooth rows in occlusal view of Akodon n. sp. (MCN-M 3219—left, and MCN-M 1382—center), and A. cursor (MZUFV 2335 - right). Abbreviations: paraflexus (pf), metaflexus (mf) and mesoflexid (mfd).

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of skin of Akodon n. sp. (left pair: MCN–M 1382, 1383), and A. cursor (right pair: MZUFV 1947, 2045).

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE 7. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of holotype of Akodon diauarum n. sp. (MZUSP 29672). Scale bar: 10mm.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE 8. Fluid (alcohol) preserved specimen of Akodon diauarum n. sp. (MZUSP 36035) in ventral (A) and lateral view (B) of the head region, and plantar view of left hind foot (C) and manus (D). Abbreviations are: I–V, digits; 1–4, interdigital pads; h, hypothenar pad; t, thenar pad.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE 5. Selected anatomical features of the skull of Akodon n. sp. (left) and A. cursor (right). A) rostral and palatal region in ventral view (MCN-M 1382, MZUFV 1947); B) rostral region in dorsal view (MN 73906, MZUFV 1947); C) alisphenoid bone region in lateral/oblique view (MCN-M 1382, MZUFV 1949); D) posterior region of braincase in lateral view (MN 73906, MZUFV 1947). Abbreviations are: Al, alisphenoid; Exo, exoccipital; if, incisive foramen; lpp, lateral projection of the parietal; ms, mesopterygoid fossa; nc, nasolacrimal capsule; Pa, parietal; Sq, squamosal; zn, zygomatic notch. White-dotted (A and B) indicate comparative alignments. Note the different shape of the squamosal-alisphenoid suture black lines in C) linear throughout most of its length in Akodon n. sp. and curved (frequently S-like) in A. cursor. Figures are out of scale in order to improve comparisons.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE 1. Collecting localities of Akodon n. sp. Legend: specimens identified by morphology (circles) and karyotype (triangles and star), and type locality (star). Numbers refer to localities listed in the Appendix II. The limits of ecoregions follow Dinerstein et al. (2017). In the main map: Brazilian state limits in black and main rivers in gray lines. In the captioned map, note the large distance (about 1,540 km) between the geographic range of Akodon n. sp. (light-gray) and Akodon cursor (dark-gray).

FIGURE 4 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE 4. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of skull and lateral view of mandible of Akodon n. sp. (MZUSP 36034—left) and A. cursor (MZUFV 1947—right). Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE S1 in A new species of Akodon Meyen, 1833 (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from dry forests of the Amazonia-Cerrado transition

FIGURE S1. Karyotype (2n=10, FN=15) of one individual of Akodon diauarum n. sp. (MN FMH-Vale 1217) from Floresta Nacional de Carajás, Pará (locality 15, Figure 1).

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FIGURE 2 in Transitional morphology and Afrotropical affinity of a bythinoplectine rove beetle from the early Eocene of India (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)

FIGURE 2. Cephalic morphology of Zethinus-group Bythinoplectini. A, B, Zethinus leleupi males (Democratic Republic of Congo: Mabali). C, D, Zethinus sp. nov. male (Democratic Republic of Congo: Kinshasa). A, Dorsal head and cephalic appendages of Zethinus showing antennae mounted under the frontal rostrum, either side of which are large excavations that extend posteriorly to the anterior margins of the eyes. Tightly appressed antennomeres 7 and 8 together form an ovoid antennal club; arrowheads indicate the boundary between these antennomeres—the "sillon annulaire" sensu Coulon, 1989. MP: left maxillary palp. B, Frontal view of Zethinus head showing retracted maxillary palpi inside excavations lateral to frontal rostrum. C, Head of Zethinus in lateral view with maxillary palp retracted into excavation. D, Maxillary palp of Zethinus showing diagnostic Bythinoplectini Section V morphology with narrow, elongate, apically globose tubercles on palpomeres III and IV. Prominent apical pseudosegment (APs) is indicated.

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FIGURE 1. Yprezethinus grimaldii Holotype AMNH Tad-130. A, Habitus with visible abdominal sternites labelled. B in Transitional morphology and Afrotropical affinity of a bythinoplectine rove beetle from the early Eocene of India (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae)

FIGURE 1. Yprezethinus grimaldii Holotype AMNH Tad-130. A, Habitus with visible abdominal sternites labelled. B, Head and pronotum with segments of maxillary palpomeres numbered (MP2–MP4). Bythinoplectina-type lateral excavation, eye, apical pseudosegment of maxillary palp (APs) and mandible (Md) indicated. C, Right antenna with antennomeres numbered. Note the club formed from tightly appressed, hemisphere-shaped antennomeres 10 and 11. D, Close-up view of apically globose tubercles of maxillary palpomeres 3 and 4. E, Proximal leg articulation, showing conically projecting metacoxa (MC), short metatrochanter (MT) and femur (F). F, Right metatarsus (F) with bythinoplectine-type enlarged third tarsomere spanning distance between arrowheads, and minute first visible tarsomere.