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FIGURE 4 in Morphology of immature stages of Pyrearinus pumilus (Candèze, 1863) (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Pyrophorini): the click beetle responsible for the luminous canga caves in the state of Pará, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Diagnostic features of the known larvae of Pyrearinus pumilus species group. (A–F) dorsal view of head and abdominal apex, respectively: (A, B) P. pumilus; (C, D) P. termitilluminans, (E, F) P. fragilis.
FIGURE 1 in Morphology of immature stages of Pyrearinus pumilus (Candèze, 1863) (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Pyrophorini): the click beetle responsible for the luminous canga caves in the state of Pará, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Dorsal habitus of the adults of Pyrearinus pumilus species group. (A–F) males: (A) P. termitilluminans, (B) P. fragilis, (C) P. vitticollis, (D) P. flatus, (E) P. scintillula, (F) P. pumilus. (G) female of P. pumilus.
FIGURE 3 in Morphology of immature stages of Pyrearinus pumilus (Candèze, 1863) (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Pyrophorini): the click beetle responsible for the luminous canga caves in the state of Pará, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Morphology of Pyrearinus pumilus mature larva. (A) habitus, dorsal view, (B, C) head (dorsal and ventral view, respectively), (D) maxillolabial complex (ventral view); (E, F) left antenna (dorsal and ventral view, respectively), (G–I) left mandible (dorsal, lateral and ventral view, respectively), (J) left galea (ventral view), (K) anterior leg (lateral view), (L) abdominal segment IX (dorsal view), (M) abdominal segments IX and X (lateral view).
FIGURE 5 in Morphology of immature stages of Pyrearinus pumilus (Candèze, 1863) (Coleoptera: Elateridae: Pyrophorini): the click beetle responsible for the luminous canga caves in the state of Pará, Brazil
FIGURE 5. Bioluminescence of Pyrearinus pumilus immatures. (A, B) mature larvae (dorsal view); (C, D) pupa (ventral and dorsal view, respectively).
Database of Romanian cave invertebrates with a Red List of cave species and a list of hotspot/coldspot caves
The increasing human impact in Romanian caves raises the urgency of publishing a correct database of the strictly-adapted cave fauna. Previous attempts at indexing cave fauna and classifying caves by using their fauna opened many questions regarding the use of an incomplete list of cave species and mixed lists of troglobionts/stygobionts with troglophiles/stygophiles for ranking caves with priority for protection. It has also become obvious that there is a need to publish a list of Romanian cave species that are under threat. Cave species in Romania (and elsewhere) are endemic on small ranges, are unique and must be considered as important units for conservation. A cave must be equally protected if it has one or more rare and strictly endemic cave species. Although not exhaustive, we here provide the first checklist of Romanian troglobionts/stygobionts developed in the framework of the DARKFOOD and GROUNDWATERISK projects, coordinated by the "Emil Racovita" Institute of Speleology, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The GIS application was used to complement the checklist of cave species with data on caves and surface environments above the caves. Until complete data on species diversity and population sizes are made available for each cave, measures of conservation can be implemented, based on the presence/absence of cave species, while classifications of caves for protection, based on the number of species, must be avoided. We also propose a list of Romanian caves with fauna that are under threat and a tentative Red List of Romanian troglobiont/stygobionts. This is the first database with identified troglobiont and stygobiont species of Romania, with a critical analysis of their distribution inside the country. A list of caves that need protection for their rare and unique species and a tentative Red List of Romanian cave fauna are also added. A total of 173 species were identified, of which 77 troglobionts and 96 stygobionts are currently registered in 366 caves. The database is divided into two parts, one part with a list of troglobionts, their revised systematic position, cave name, cave code and geographic region; and the second part with the same information on stygobionts. The database represents the contribution of many active researchers, who are the authors of this paper and of review publications of many other authors of the "Emil Racoviță" Institute of Speleology.
FIGURE 13. Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929. a in Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges
FIGURE 13. Plakinastrella onkodes Uliczka, 1929. a) CNPGG‒1496 habitus (ethanol); b) choanosomal skeleton (cross sec- tion, LM); c) triod and calthrops; d) ectosome in the upper flank; (LM); e) diods (LM).
FIGURE 11 in Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges
FIGURE 11. Neosiphonia microtriaeneae sp. nov. Holotype CNPGG-1487 spicules; a-b) Tetraclone desmas, smooth clones with indented endings (LM, SEM); c) juvenile desmas (SEM); d-e) Oxeas hastate (LM, SEM); f) Trichotriaenes (SEM); g-i) Amphiasters to spherasters and spiraster types (LM, SEM).
FIGURE 9 in Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges
FIGURE 9. Discodermia adhaerens van Soest, Meesters & Becking, 2014. a) CNPGG‒1484 in situ; b) ectosomal layer of discotriaenes (LM); c) overall set of spicules (LM); d) discotriaenes (SEM); e) desmas (LM); f) wispy thin endings of oxeas (LM); g) acanthose microrhabds (SEM).
FIGURE 4 in Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges
FIGURE 4. Haliclona (Reniera) stygobia sp. nov. a) Holotype CNPGG‒1482 (ethanol); b) ectosomal skeleton (tangential sec- tion, LM); c) choanosomal skeleton (cross section, LM); d-e) strongyle spicule (LM); f-g) oxea spicule (LM).
FIGURE 1. Study area. a in Anchialine cave-dwelling sponge fauna (Porifera) from La Quebrada, Mexico with the description of the first Mexican stygobiont sponges
FIGURE 1. Study area. a) The Yucatan Peninsula, southeastern Mexico; b) Cozumel Island; c) Map of the anchialine cave La Quebrada (lines in brown), arrows indicate the position of the Cenotes: 1) "S-1", 2) "Km-1" and 3) "Roca Bomba". The shaded regions represent the sampling area (Modified from Yañez-Mendoza et al. 2007 and Calderón-Gutiérrez et al. 2018).
FIGURE 2. Archiboreoiulus serbansarbui n in A new species of the genus Archiboreoiulus Brolemann, 1921 (Diplopoda, Julida) from Movile Cave (Southern Dobrogea, Romania)
FIGURE 2. Archiboreoiulus serbansarbui n. sp. SEM photographs of the head capsule: A: labrum, frontal view. B: labrum edghe, dorsal view. C: head capsule, lateral-dorsal view, left antenna missing. D: cardo and stipes, lateral view. Scale = 100 µm.
FIGURE 12. Archiboreoiulus pallidus. A in A new species of the genus Archiboreoiulus Brolemann, 1921 (Diplopoda, Julida) from Movile Cave (Southern Dobrogea, Romania)
FIGURE 12. Archiboreoiulus pallidus. A: first leg pair. B: posterior gonopods (after Brolemann, 1923, modified).
FIGURE 16. Male genitalia. A, D, G, I, K, M, O in Remarks on the genus Tachycines Adelung, 1902 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae Aemodogryllinae) with description of eight new species from caves in southern China
FIGURE 16. Male genitalia. A, D, G, I, K, M, O: dorsal view; B, E, H, J, L, N, P: ventral view; C: lateral view; F: apical view: A–C. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) liboensis sp. nov.; D–F. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) umbellus sp. nov.; G–H. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) bifolius sp. nov.; I–J. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) tuberus sp. nov.; K–L. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) paradoxus sp. nov.; M–N. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) nulliscleritus sp. nov.; O–P. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) taenus sp. nov.
FIGURE 14 in Remarks on the genus Tachycines Adelung, 1902 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae Aemodogryllinae) with description of eight new species from caves in southern China
FIGURE 14. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) proximus (Gorochov, Rampini & Di Russo, 2006), male: A–C. head and pronotum: A. frontal view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view; D–F. apex of abdomen: D. lateral view, E. dorsal view, F. subgenital plate in ventral view; I. hind tarsus in lateral view; female: G. subgenital plate in ventral view; H. ovipositor in lateral view.
FIGURE 4 in Remarks on the genus Tachycines Adelung, 1902 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae Aemodogryllinae) with description of eight new species from caves in southern China
FIGURE 4. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) paradoxus sp. nov., male: A–C. head and pronotum: A. frontal view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view; D–F. apex of abdomen: D. lateral view, E. dorsal view, F. subgenital plate in ventral view; I. hind basitarsus in lateral view; female: G. subgenital plate in ventral view; H. ovipositor in lateral view.
FIGURE 8 in Remarks on the genus Tachycines Adelung, 1902 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae Aemodogryllinae) with description of eight new species from caves in southern China
FIGURE 8. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) taenus sp. nov., male: A–C. head and pronotum: A. frontal view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view; D–F. apex of abdomen: D. lateral view, E. dorsal view, F. subgenital plate in ventral view; I. hind basitarsus in lateral view; female: G. subgenital plate in ventral view; H. ovipositor in lateral view.
FIGURE 12 in Remarks on the genus Tachycines Adelung, 1902 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae Aemodogryllinae) with description of eight new species from caves in southern China
FIGURE 12. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) chenhui (Rampini & Di Russo, 2008), male: A–C. head and pronotum: A. frontal view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view; D–F. apex of abdomen: D. lateral view, E. dorsal view, F. subgenital plate in ventral view; I. hind basitarsus in lateral view; female: G. subgenital plate in ventral view; H. ovipositor in lateral view.
FIGURE 3 in Remarks on the genus Tachycines Adelung, 1902 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae Aemodogryllinae) with description of eight new species from caves in southern China
FIGURE 3. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) tuberus sp. nov., male: A–C. head and pronotum: A. frontal view, B. lateral view, C. dorsal view; D–F. apex of abdomen: D. lateral view, E. apico-dorsal view, F. subgenital plate in ventral view; I. hind basitarsus in lateral view; female: G. subgenital plate in ventral view; H. ovipositor in lateral view.
FIGURE 18. Caves. A in Remarks on the genus Tachycines Adelung, 1902 (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae Aemodogryllinae) with description of eight new species from caves in southern China
FIGURE 18. Caves. A. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) nulliscleritus sp. nov.; B. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) liboensis sp. nov.; C. Tachycines (Gymnaeta) umbellus sp. nov.
FIGURE 14 in Three new cave-dwelling Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) from limestone caves in Northern Minas Gerais state, Brazil
FIGURE 14. Eukoenenia lundi sp. nov. A, leg I, tarsus 3, left side, holotype (scale bar 80 μm); B, leg IV, basitarsus, right side, holotype (scale bar 60 μm); C, first lobe, female genitalia (scale bar 40 μm); D, second lobe, female genitalia (scale bar 40 μm); E, first lobe, male genitalia, left half (the sternal setae inserted close to the lobe are not shown) (scale bar 30 μm); F, second and third lobes, male genitalia, left half (scale bar 30 μm). Dotted circles and ellipses in Figs. C and D represent cuticular orifices; empty circles in Figs. E and F represent insertions of detached setae.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.