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opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Supplementary data to translate ages across humans and great apes

We have generated a large dataset consisting of 573 time points from various behavioral, anatomical, and transcriptional changes across human and eight non-human primate species. This dataset includes diverse human populations to capture within-species variations. We aligned ages across humans and great apes across their lifespan. Our findings indicate that human lifespan is unusually extended lifespan compared to other primates, suggesting a unique phase of life without a clear counterpart in great apes.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

PI3K block restores age-dependent neurovascular coupling defects associated with cerebral small vessel disease

Neurovascular coupling (NVC), a vital physiological process that rapidly and precisely directs localized blood flow to the most active regions of the brain, is accomplished in part by the vast network of cerebral capillaries acting as a sensory web capable of detecting increases in neuronal activity and orchestrating the dilation of upstream parenchymal arterioles. Here, we report a Col4a1 mutant mouse model of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) with age-dependent defects in capillary-to-arteriole dilation, functional hyperemia in the brain, and memory. The fundamental defect in aged mutant animals was the depletion of the minor membrane phospholipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) in brain capillary endothelial cells, leading to the loss of inwardly rectifier K+ (Kir2.1) channel activity. Blocking phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), an enzyme that diminishes the bioavailability of PIP2 by converting it to phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), restored Kir2.1 channel activity, capillary-to-arteriole dilation, and functional hyperemia. In longitudinal studies, chronic PI3K inhibition also improved the memory function of aged Col4a1 mutant mice. Our data suggest that PI3K inhibition is a viable therapeutic strategy for treating defective NVC and cognitive impairment associated with cSVD.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Amazon natural regenerating forest age

We access the land use and land cover time series product available for the Amazon for the year 1985-2019 (MapBiomass collection 6). The MapBiomas is based on the classification of Landsat images, map of annual land use and land cover at 30 m spatial resolution. We initially classified each pixel in each plot within site following MapBiomaClass and we reclassified in Forest, Secondary-forest, deforestation and others for each year in a temporal series 1985-2019.We classified the land cover maps into two categories: forest (including forest and secondary forests) and non-forest (including agriculture and pasture classes).

Data from: Different effects of fire age and fire recurrence on grass and woody plant chemistry in Kafue National Park, Zambia

In savannas, fire and herbivores are important drivers of natural ecosystem processes. Fire is also used intensively for management purposes. However, reported fire effects differ between studies. Reasons for these differences are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated the effects of fire on leaf chemistry of grasses and woody plants in the savanna of the Busanga Flood Plain, Zambia, in relation to the time elapsed between plant sampling and the last fire (fire age) and the frequency of fires during the last 16 years (fire recurrence). We analyzed leaves for their nitrogen, carbon and fiber concentrations, and estimated their metabolizable energy content, reflecting feed quality for browsers and grazers. Grasses and woody plants differed in all chemical components and showed different responses to fire. Grass quality was higher at sites burnt in the year of sample collection than at sites burnt only in previous years, but did not change under different fire recurrences. Leaves of woody plants did not differ in relation to fire age but their quality increased with increasing fire recurrence. In woody plants, the carbon content responded to the interaction between fire age and fire recurrence, indicating changes in carbon allocation in response to fire. Thus, burning increased feed quality for grazers and browsers but on different temporal scales. The scale effects may contribute to the differences in resource allocation described by different studies. They merit more attention in management decisions as well as in future studies on fire effects in savanna systems.

Dataset for: Older adults' suggestions of research topics on ageing well in urban environments – a participatory study

Dataset related to the manuscript Older adults’ suggestions of research topics on ageing well in urban environments – a participatory study. For this study, a total of 1000 participants aged 65 years or older from five different neighborhoods of Berlin were randomly chosen and were sent a single item questionnaire allowing them to freely propose research topics regarding ageing well in the city. This dataset contains the valid answers we received by participants. Only information that potentially allowed identification of the participants (name, addresses, exact location descriptions) were redacted.

Data from: Rapid decline of prenatal maternal effects with age is independent of postnatal environment in a precocial bird

Maternal effects are an important source of phenotypic variation with potentially large fitness consequences, but how their importance varies with the quality of the environment across an individual's ontogeny is poorly understood. We bred Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) of known pedigree and experimentally manipulated the quality of offspring diet to estimate the importance of prenatal maternal effects in shaping variation in body mass from hatching to adulthood. Maternal genetic effects on body mass at hatching were strong, and largely caused by variation in egg mass, but their importance rapidly declined with age. Whereas there was a large effect of diet on growth, this did not affect the decline of maternal effects variance. The importance of additive genetic and residual variance increased with age, with the latter being considerably larger in the poor diet treatment. Hence, we found no evidence for prenatal maternal effect by postnatal environment interactions, and that prenatal maternal effects are rapidly replaced by direct additive genetic and residual effects when offspring start to develop outside the egg. Thereby these results shed new light on the dynamics of the role of maternal versus offspring genes across ontogeny and environments.

Mark-recapture dataset to estimate age-specific reproductive rates of Steller sea lions in Southeast Alaska

Age, region, and year-specific estimates of reproduction are needed for monitoring wildlife populations during periods of ecosystem change. Population dynamics of Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) in Southeast Alaska varied regionally (with high population growth and survival in the north versus the south) and annually (with reduced adult female survival observed following a severe marine heatwave event), but reproductive performance is currently unknown. We used mark-resighting data from 1,006 SSL females marked as pups at age ~3 weeks of age from 1994–1995 and 2001–2005 and resighted from 2002–2019 (to a maximum age of 25) to examine age-, region-, and year-specific reproduction. In the north versus the south, age of first reproduction was earlier (beginning at age 4 versus age 5, respectively) but annual birth probabilities of parous females were reduced by 0.05. In an average year pre-heatwave, the proportion of females with pup at the end of the pupping season peaked at ages 12–13 with ~0.60/0.65 (north/south) with pup, ~0.30/0.25 with juvenile, and ~0.10 (both regions) without a dependent. In both regions, reproductive senescence was gradual after age 12: ~0.40, 0.40, and 0.20 of females were in these reproductive states, respectively, by age 20. Correcting for neonatal mortality, true birth probabilities at peak ages were 0.66/0.72 (north/south). No cost of reproduction on female survival was detected, but pup production remained lower (-0.06) after the heatwave event, which if sustained would result in population decline in the south. Reduced pup production and greater retention of juveniles during periods of poor prey conditions may be an important strategy for Steller sea lions in Southeast Alaska, where fine-tuning reproduction based on nutritional status may improve the lifetime probability of producing pups under good conditions in a variable and less productive environment.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Data-driven transcriptomics analysis identifies PCSK9 as a novel key regulator in liver aging. (Histology Images)

These are the histology images on "Data-driven transcriptomics analysis identifies PCSK9 as a novel key regulator in liver aging."

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

International Institutions in the Digital Age – A Roundtable

International Institutions in the Digital Age – A Roundtable: Regine Hunziker-Rodewald and Andrei Aioanei (Université de Strasbourg), Alessandro Adamou (Bibliotheca Hertziana), Giuseppe Borghi (European Space Agency), Maria Böhmer (Istituto Svizzero), Raphaële Mouren (British School Rome), Tobias Hodel (Universität Bern).

Dataset from 'Klever, L., Islam, J., Võ, M., & Billino, J. (2023). Aging attenuates the memory advantage for unexpected objects in real-world scenes. Heliyon, e20241, doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20241

We provide two files; one data file contains data on which analyses are based, the other one gives the column labels for the data file. ___________________________________________ For further questions, please contact: jutta.billino[at]psychol.uni-giessen.de

Age Structure and Body Size of The Tibetan Toad (Bufo tibetanus) Populations from Two Different Altitudes in China

Knowledge about the altitudinal patterns in age and body size helps to highlight the evolution of life history parameters in animals. In this study, we investigated the demographic traits of the Tibetan toad (Bufo tibetanus) between populations from low and high altitude habitats (2650 vs 3930m) using skeletochronology. We found 1) the mean age and body size of females were significantly greater than those of males in either population; 2) both sexes of toads from the higher altitude tended to be significantly older in age and larger in body size; 3) a significant positive relationship between age and body size within each sex of the toad at both altitudes; 4) growth rates varied between the two populations, with the higher rate observed in the low-altitude population, and lower in the high-altitude population. Our results suggest that factors other than age can influence altitudinal patterns in body size, such as altitude-associated temperature. Future research should pay attention to these factors and evaluate their influences on the growth patterns of animals.Knowledge about the altitudinal patterns in age and body size helps to highlight the evolution of life history parameters in animals. In this study, we investigated the demographic traits of the Tibetan toad (Bufo tibetanus) between populations from low and high altitude habitats (2650 vs 3930m) using skeletochronology. We found 1) the mean age and body size of females were significantly greater than those of males in either population; 2) both sexes of toads from the higher altitude tended to be significantly older in age and larger in body size; 3) a significant positive relationship between age and body size within each sex of the toad at both altitudes; 4) growth rates varied between the two populations, with the higher rate observed in the low-altitude population, and lower in the high-altitude population. Our results suggest that factors other than age can influence altitudinal patterns in body size, such as altitude-associated temperature. Future research should pay attention to these factors and evaluate their influences on the growth patterns of animals.

Increased impact sensitivity in ageing high explosives: Analysis of Amatol extracted from explosive remnants of war

Millions of tonnes of explosive remnants of war remain in nature, and the volume is continuously growing. The explosive legacy of wars represents an increasing threat to the environment and to societal safety and security. As munitions continue to deteriorate, harmful constituents will eventually leak into the environment, poisoning ecological receptors and contaminating the surrounding soil and groundwater. Deteriorating munitions may also become increasingly sensitive to external stimuli and may be susceptible to accidental detonation. To thoroughly assess how to address these ageing munitions, we must first establish certain threshold values for the safe and secure handling and final disposal of the explosive ordnance. One key factor is to establish how the impact sensitivity of the explosives evolves over time. In the present work, we investigated the high explosive substance Amatol extracted from ageing explosive remnants of war. The results obtained in the analysis indicate that the high explosives in the examined specimens generally were much more sensitive to impact than previously assumed. Furthermore, the analysis revealed that the standardised methodology of impact sensitivity testing was insufficient for estimating the sensitivities in question, and a more careful statistical analysis was required.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Figure 1. Scatterplot of unstandardized predicted value of IHS4 and age split by sex.

Unstandardized predicted value of IHS4 obtained from multiple linear regression with interaction between age and sex, adjusted for disease duration (b = 0.112, standard error = 0.055, p = 0.043). IHS4: International hidradenitis suppurativa severity score system.

Dataset - Information Bubble and Learning in the Digital Age

This dataset was utilized in the analyses presented in the paper entitled "Information Bubble and Learning in the Digital Age: An Analysis from the Perspective of European and African Students." Details regarding the dataset can be found in the Methodology section of the paper.

Data from: The affinities of the late Triassic Cryptovaranoides and the age of Crown Squamates

Most living reptile diversity is concentrated in Squamata (lizards, including snakes), which have poorly known origins in space and time. Recently, †Cryptovaranoides microlanius from the Late Triassic of the United Kingdom was described as the oldest crown squamate. If true, this result would push back the origin of all major lizard clades by 30-65 million years and suggest that divergence times for reptile clades estimated using genomic and morphological data are grossly inaccurate. Here, we use CT scans and expanded phylogenetic datasets to re-evaluate the phylogenetic affinities of †Cryptovaranoides and other putative early squamates. We resolve †Cryptovaranoides as a member of the bird and crocodilian total clade, Archosauromorpha, in sharp contrast to its originally hypothesized affinities. Bayesian total evidence dating supports a Jurassic origin of crown squamates, not Triassic as recently suggested. We highlight how features traditionally linked to lepidosaurs are in fact widespread across Triassic reptiles, reaffirming the importance of critical morphological analysis for interpreting the fossil record and calibrating the Tree of Life.

Paleomagnetic constraint on the Age of the Shyok Suture Zone

The India-Eurasia collision is a key case study for understanding the influence of plate tectonic processes on Earth's crust, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. However, the timing of the final India-Eurasia continental collision is debated due to significant uncertainty in the age of the collision between the Kohistan-Ladakh arc and Eurasia along the Shyok suture zone. Here we present paleomagnetic results that constrain the Karakoram terrane in northwest India to a paleolatitude of 19.9 ± 8.9 °N between 93 – 75 million years ago (Ma). Our results show that the Karakoram terrane was situated on the southern margin of Eurasia in the Late Cretaceous. Our results indicate that the Kohistan-Ladakh arc and Eurasian continent had not converged until < 61.6 Ma, placing a Paleocene older limit on the age of final closure of the Shyok suture zone. This suggests that the India-Eurasia collision in northwestern India likely occurred after the closure of the oceanic basin between the Kohistan-Ladakh arc and Eurasia. The Paleocene collision event affecting India that has been widely interpreted to represent the final India-Eurasia collision instead records the arc-continent collision between the Kohistan-Ladakh arc and the northern edge of India prior to the final India-Eurasia collision. The final India-Eurasia collision in northwest India most likely occurred after the closure of the oceanic basin between the Kohistan-Ladakh arc and Eurasia.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Ages and metallicities of stellar clusters using S-PLUS narrow-band integrated photometry: the Small Magellanic Cloud

These are the final photometric quantities measured in the work "Ages and metallicities of stellar clusters using S-PLUS narrow-band integrated photometry: the Small Magellanic Cloud". The raw S-PLUS images are available upon request to the corresponding author. Nevertheless, the complete S-PLUS data will become publicly available alongside the next data release, scheduled for 2023.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Functional alterations of the prefrontal circuit underlying cognitive aging in mice

Data and code repository for "Functional alterations of the prefrontal circuit underlying cognitive aging in mice". This dataset and code generate the plots shown in the main Figures and supplementary figures in the paper. See "Readme.txt" for details.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Data from: Age at first reproduction and senescence in Eastern chipmunks (Tamia striatus)

Senescence is the degradation of biological functions with increasing age. Its existence and relationship with life-history strategies remains poorly studied in short-lived wild vertebrate species. We investigated the relationships between age at first reproduction (AFR), reproductive senescence and longevity in an eastern chipmunk (Tamias striatus) population, where the first opportunity to breed is conditioned by pulses of seed production by trees (i.e., masts). We used 11 years of data from a longitudinal study, in which females breed for the first time at seven, 15, or 22 months of age and males at seven or 15 months of age. We first assessed the effect of age on three traits associated with breeding performance, namely the number of offspring produced, and the probability of weaning or siring a litter. We then tested whether an earlier AFR accelerated reproductive senescence and reduced survival of both males and females. We found sex-specific relationships between AFR and senescence. Females reproducing at 15 or 22 months of age showed reproductive senescence, but early-breeding females did not show any decline in reproductive performance at an older age. Also, although we observed reproductive senescence in males, it was not affected by AFR. Our results are consistent with studies highlighting the existence of reproductive senescence in small, wild mammals. Importantly, we provide the first evidence that AFR can strongly influence the patterns of senescence in small short-lived species and does it in a sex-specific way. Our results highlight the importance of studying life-history strategies in both males and females when studying senescence in the wild.