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6,335 results for “direct”
Figure 3 in Direct development of the bush frog Raorchestes longchuanensis (Yang and Li 1978) under laborary conditions in Southern China
Figure 3. Stages of embryo development. (a) Fertilised eggs after mating and spawning (stage 0). (b) Eggs incubated for 7 days (stage 3): unpigmented subdermal eyes visible; head lengthens, slightly further forward beyond yolk; forelimb buds visible; hind limb buds longer; tail about twice its length at Stage 2, laterally curved left or right. (c) Eggs incubated for 8 days (stage 4): dorsal and lateral pigmented; eyes pigmented; forelimb buds more prominent beside head; tail about half diameter of yolk. (d) Eggs incubated for 10 days (stage 6): pigmented on sides of abdomen; toe 3 demarcated; cornea clearing, iris black, pupil clear grey. (e) Eggs incubated for 14 days (stage 9): forelimb elbow emerges, hands clearly distinguishable on forearms; head region longer; eyes larger; legs lengthen. (f) Eggs incubated for 18 days (stage 11): pigment denser over abdomen; enlarged digits rounded; hind limbs more developed. (g) Eggs incubated for 20 days (stage 13): palm and foot pigmented, more densely dorsally and laterally; eyes like an adult in shape; tail reduction begins. (h) Fully formed adult frog out of eggs incubated for 26 days (stage 15): hatched and walking; tail resorbed; yolk almost disappear.
Human vocalization corpus: recordings of infant-directed and adult-directed speech and song in 21 societies
<p>This repository contains a corpus of 1615 audio recordings of speech and song collected in 21 societies, first reported in Moser et al. (2020; <a href="https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.09.032995v5">bioRxiv</a>) and later published in Hilton & Moser et al. (2022; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-022-01410-x">Nature Human Behaviour</a>). For assistance using any of this, contact Cody Moser (<a href="mailto:cmoser2@ucmerced.edu">cmoser2@ucmerced.edu</a>), Courtney Hilton (<a href="mailto:courtney.hilton@auckland.ac.nz">courtney.hilton@auckland.ac.nz</a>), and Samuel Mehr (<a href="mailto:mehr@hey.com">mehr@hey.com</a>).</p> <p>Two versions of the audio are included: raw audio (`IDS-corpus-raw.zip`) and audio that was edited to prepare the recordings for automatic acoustic feature extraction (`IDS-corpus-edited.zip`). `IDS-textGrids.zip` contains annotation files from Praat's silence detection method, which were manually reviewed for accuracy. These files are used with the audio extraction scripts associated with the project (see code linked in paper) to build the edited audio files.</p> <p>`IDS-fieldsites.csv` contains some fieldsite-level metadata; additional metadata is in the Supplementary Information of the paper.</p> <p>In the two .zip archives, filenames have the format XXXYYZ.wav, where "XXX" is a fieldsite code, "YY" is a participant number, and "Z" is a vocalization type.</p> <p>Fieldsite codes are:</p> <blockquote> <p>MBE: Mbendjele BaYaka<br> HAD: Hadza<br> NYA: Nyangatom<br> TOP: Toposa<br> BEJ: Beijing<br> JEN: Jenu Kurubas<br> MEN: Mentawai Islanders<br> KRA: Krakow<br> LIM: Rural Poland<br> TUR: Turku<br> USD: San Diego<br> TOR: Toronto<br> VAN: Tannese Vanuatuans<br> PNG: Enga<br> WEL: Wellington<br> ARA: Arawak<br> TSI: Tsimane<br> SPA: Sápara & Achuar<br> QUE: Quechua<br> ACO: Afrocolombians<br> MES: Colombian Mestizos</p> </blockquote> <p>Participant numbers are padded integers, starting with 01, and are unique within fieldsites.</p> <p>Vocalization types are:</p> <blockquote> <p>A: infant-directed song<br> B: infant-directed speech<br> C: adult-directed song<br> D: adult-directed speech </p> </blockquote> <p>In a few cases, participants vocalized in a different language than was expected, given the primary language of their fieldsite (e.g., when the participant was multilingual, or if they sang a song that contains multiple languages, as in The Beatles' "Michelle"). The file `IDS-unexpectedLanguages.csv` at <a href="https://github.com/themusiclab/infant-speech-song/blob/main/data/IDS-unexpectedLanguages.csv">https://github.com/themusiclab/infant-speech-song/blob/main/data/IDS-unexpectedLanguages.csv</a> contains an inventory of these examples from the English-speaking fieldsites. This issue only affects a small minority of the recordings, as it was typically avoided by the researchers collecting the recordings. </p>
The Agglomeration Effects of Foreign Direct Investment in Africa
<p>Data sets</p>
TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AS A CHALLENGE TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF LAW: Directions and Perspectives for the 21st Century
<p>[International Scientific Conference on »Challenges and Perspectives of the Development of Legal Systems in the XXI Century« organised by the University of Banja Luka Faculty of Law on September 15, 2022] [13:15]</p> <p>1. Introduction 2. Challenges to be Responded Directly 3. The Law Getting New Dimensions 4. Changes in Law 5. A New Paradigm for Understanding the Social Order</p>
Experimental superposition of time directions
<p>Experimental dataset for "Experimental superposition of time directions"</p>
Why we cannot always expect life history strategies to directly inform on population sensitivity to environmental change
<p>This repository contains information accompanying the manuscript </p> <p>"Why we cannot always expect life history strategies to directly inform on sensitivity to environmental change" Rademaker et al. (2022, in progress).</p> <p> </p> <p>The repository consists of a zip-file containing code and data to run the phylogenetic PCA, and a zip-file containing Matlab code to run the DEB-IPM population models.</p>
Several parameters data of the direct solar dryer
<p>The main objective of the current work is to study the drying behaviour of herbs and to determine the techno-economic analysis of a developed solar dryer. For this purpose, the herbs like amaranthus, mint, and moringa are selected for this study. The initial moisture of amaranthus (88% w.b), mint (90% w.b), and moringa leaves (80% w.b) was reduced to a final desired moisture content of 7.3, 9, and 4% (w.b), respectively. 15 kg products were loaded in the dryer during experimentation drying is faster in forced convection mode compared to natural convection and open sun. A detailed economic analysis was conducted through three techniques. As stated in annualized cost technique, the cost of drying in an electric dryer is far higher than the solar dryer. The life cycle savings method for the solar dryer with 20 years life span was obtained around 17.98 to 35.89 INR (Lakhs), and the payback period is assessed as 1.6, 1.9, and 0.9 years, which indicates the respective products are broadly lower than the estimated lifetime of the solar drying system. Hence, it was proven that capital investment made on the solar dryer can be recovered even in the initial years of the operation, which shows its financial viability.</p>
Replication package for: Energy Efficiency and Directed Technical Change: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation
<p>Contains raw data and replication code for the following paper:</p> <p>Casey, Gregory (forthcoming). "Energy Efficiency and Directed Technical Change: Implications for Climate Change Mitigation." Review of Economic Studies.</p>
Datasets used in Evidence and sources of placebo effects in transcranial direct current stimulation during visuospatial working memory training
<p>Below is the metadata for each dataset highlighting the variables that were used in the analyses of this paper</p> <p>Variables used in paper from each dataset:</p> <p><strong>AllGroupPlaceboData.csv</strong></p> <p>subnum = participant identifier</p> <p>trialstart = time in ms when a trial was completed</p> <p>bestspan = span of that trial</p> <p>Sex = Female/Male</p> <p>Group = CTRL/REAL/SHAM (REAL = ACTIVE)</p> <p><strong>CorsiExpectancyData.csv</strong></p> <p>subnum = participant identifier</p> <p>trialstart = time in ms when a trial was completed</p> <p>bestspan = span of that trial</p> <p>expectTask = expectancy that tDCS will improve motor skill (0 - 8)</p> <p>TDCScondition = Fake tDCS/Not Sure/Real tCDDS</p> <p><strong>SideEffectsExpectancy.csv</strong></p> <p>prepost = Change in tDCS related side effects per/post tDCS</p> <p>Group = REAL/SHAM</p> <p>TDCSCondition = Fake tDCS/Not Sure/Real tCDDS</p> <p>expectCog = expectancy that tDCS will improve cognition (0 - 8)</p>
Video 2: Directing 2
<p>Video 2 in:</p> <p>Stutz, Ulrike (2008). Performative Research in Art Education: Scenes from the Seminar "Explor­ing Performative Rituals in City Space" [36 paragraphs]. <em>Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research</em>, <em>9</em>(2), Art. 51, <a href="https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-9.2.411">https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-9.2.411</a>.</p>
Video 1: Directing 1
<p>Video 1 in: Stutz, Ulrike (2008). Performative Research in Art Education: Scenes from the Seminar "Explor­ing Performative Rituals in City Space" [36 paragraphs]. <em>Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung / Forum: Qualitative Social Research</em>, <em>9</em>(2), Art. 51, <a href="https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-9.2.411">https://doi.org/10.17169/fqs-9.2.411</a>.</p>
Precise dynamical masses of new directly imaged companions from combining relative astrometry, radial velocities, and HIPPARCOS-Gaia eDR3 accelerations
<p>The VLT/SPHERE reduced images using the Geneva reduction pipeline, GRAPHIC, used to obtain the astrometry and photometry as published in Rickman et al. 2022. Each .fits file has been cosmetically corrected (i.e. bad pixels), background-subtracted, and flat-fielded. These files correspond to the 'flux frames' of the imaging observing sequence that was used to calculate the astrometry and photometry for each companion. The raw data are also available on the ESO archive with the relevant program numbers as listed in Rickman et al. 2022.</p>
Simulation Results for "Characteristics of Electron Precipitation Directly Driven by Poloidal ULF waves"
<p>This dataset contains the simulation results and the corresponding code to produce the figures in the manuscript "Characteristics of Electron Precipitation Directly Driven by Poloidal ULF waves". The name of each data file indicates its corresponding figure, and the Matlab code could be used to produce the figures in the manuscript.</p>
Directing Group-Assisted para-Selective C–H Alkynylation of Unbiased Arenes Enabled by Rhodium Catalysis
<p>This folder /DFT_structures/ contains the DFT-optimized geometries (in .xyz format together with the gas-phase energy, E) accompanying the paper</p> <p>"Directing Group-Assisted para-Selective CH Alkynylation of Unbiased Arenes Enabled by Rhodium Catalysis"</p> <p>Where conformers occur, they are always named from the lowest Gibbs energy to the highest in ascending order from c1 (sometimes omitted), c2, c3, ...</p>
Dataset for "Direct Measurement of the Viscosity of Ternary Aerosol Mixtures"
<p>The archive file PhasePOPS_Data.zip contains all the data collected from transition temperature measurement experiments. </p> <p>All data files are in .csv format.<br> Files in PhaePOPS_size are for size-dependent measurements of sucrose discussed in section 2.3 of the paper. Data from POPS and temperature controller was collected on separate systems. There is a single file for POPS which includes data for all size-dependent measurements and multiple files for temperature controller data, sorted by the date of performed experiment. The metadata file in each folder explains the variable column used in the data file/s. <br> Files in PhasePOPS_mixtures are for sucrose, citric acid, and tartaric acid mixture experiments. The sampling strategy is discussed in section 2.4 of the paper. A single file includes all data for performed experiments from POPS, DMA and temperature controller. The attached metadata file explains the variable column in data file.</p>
Experimental and Computational Dataset for ""Direct monitoring of the thermodynamics and kinetics of DNA and RNA dinucleotide hybridization onto gaps and overhangs"
<p>Binding of short nucleic acid segments (<4 nucleotides) to single-strand templates occurs as a critical intermediate in processes such as non-enzymatic nucleic acid replication and toehold-mediated strand displacement. The templates in these reactions often contain adjacent duplex segments that stabilize base pair formation to single-strand gaps or overhangs, but the thermodynamics and kinetics of hybridization in such contexts are poorly understood due to the<br> experimental challenges of probing weak binding and rapid structural dynamics. Here we develop an approach to directly measure the thermodynamics and kinetics of DNA and RNA dinucleotide<br> hybridization using steady-state and temperature-jump infrared spectroscopy. Thermodynamic results indicate that duplex segments adjacent to overhangs and gaps stabilize dinucleotide binding<br> through a combination of coaxial stacking interactions and additional factors that remain unclear. All-atom molecular dynamics simulations indicate potential structural differences between the<br> dinucleotide-gap complexes and canonical duplexes that may contribute to binding stability. We demonstrate time-resolved measurements of dinucleotide dehybridization and observe timescales ranging from 200 ns to 40 µs depending on the template and temperature. Together, our work provides an initial step for predicting the binding stability and kinetics of short DNA and RNA duplex segments onto various type of nucleic acid templates</p>
Datafiles for: Benchmarking State-of-the-art DIRECT-type Methods on the BBOB Noiseless Testbed
<p>Datafiles for the paper "Benchmarking State-of-the-art DIRECT-type Methods on the BBOB Noiseless Testbed" submitted for the GECCO 2023 BBOB workshop.</p>
Directional speakers as a tool for animal vocal communication studies
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Audio playback</span><span>s</span><span> are a common experimental tool in vocal communication research. However, low directionality of sound makes it hard to control the audience exposed to the stimuli. Parametric speakers offer a solution for transmitting directional audible signals by using ultrasonic carrier waves. The targeted transmission of vocal signals offers exciting opportunities for testing the diffusion of information in animal groups and mechanisms for resolving informational ambiguities. We have field tested the quality and directionality of a commercial parametric speaker, Soundlazer SL-01. Additionally, we assessed its usability for performing playback experiments by comparing behavioral responses of free ranging meerkats <em>(Suricata suricatta)</em> to calls transmitted from conventional and parametric speakers. Our results show that the tested parametric speaker is highly directional. However, the acoustic structure of meerkat calls was strongly affected and low frequencies were not reliably reproduced by the parametric speaker. The playback trials elicited weakened behavioral responses likely due to the partial distortion of the signal but also indicating the potential importance of social facilitation for initiating mobbing events in meerkats. We conclude that parametric speakers can be useful tool for directed transmission of animals calls but after a careful assessment of signal fidelity. </span></p>
Data for Microsaccades are directed toward the midpoint between targets in a variably cued attention task
<p>Matlab data in table format and readme text to accompany "Microsaccades are directed toward the midpoint between targets in a variably cued attention task"</p>
Data set and analytic codes supporting "Direct observation to assess the effects of habitat structure and complexity on resource-use behaviour of butterflies: a study case in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia"
<p>This deposit contains data set and analytic codes (with a meta data) supporting "Direct observation to assess the effects of habitat structure and complexity on resource-use behaviour of butterflies: a study case in smallholding oil palm plantations in Peninsular Malaysia".</p> <p>We investigated how habitat structure and complexity within smallholding oil palm plantations affected resource-use behaviours of two common butterfly species in the study areas (oil palm plantations in Banting, Selangor, Malaysia): Leptosia nina (Pieridae) and Ypthima spp. (Nymphalidae). Using direct-observation methods we developed, we followed seven and nine individuals of each species respectively, for three minutes in smallholder-owned immature monoculture and polyculture oil palm, and mature monoculture oil palm plantations. We recorded distance travelled by each individual from both straight line and the sums of distances between all perching points, and the position and characteristics of each perch location, where the individual landed. We compared our observations to control runs, generated by pairing observed distances travelled, but selecting the direction for each movement at random. By comparing the distance travelled and characteristics of locations used by butterflies and paired control points across habitats, we assessed how individuals in the two species used the local environment and whether this differed with habitat structure and complexity.</p> <p>Funding and research permission: Jardine Foundation, the Cambridge Trust, and Tim Whitmore Fund funded MFH, the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) funded JS (USN: 304338625), and BBSRC (BB/T012366/1) funded the establishment of the plots and surveys of environmental parameters. Research permission was granted by the Economic Planning Unit (EPU) of Malaysia’s Prime Minister’s Department for MFH (Ref: EPU 40/200/19/3727) and JS (Ref: MEA 40/200/19/3705).</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.