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Carbon absorption capacity determines the response of algal competitiveness to elevated atmospheric CO2
<p><span>Although many studies have focused on </span><span>the effects of elevated </span><span>atmospheric</span> <span>CO<sub>2</sub></span><span> on algal growth</span><span>, few studies have demonstrated how </span><span>CO2</span><span> interacts with carbon absorption capacity to determine the algal competition at the population level</span><span>.</span><span> We conducted a pairwise competition experiment of <em>Phormidium</em></span><span><em> </em>sp., <em>Scenedesmus quadricauda</em>, <em>Chlorella vulgaris, </em>and <em>Synedra ulna</em>. The results showed that when the </span><span>CO<sub>2</sub></span><span> concentration increases from 400 to 760 ppm, the competitiveness of <em>S. quadricauda</em> increased, the competitiveness of <em>Phormidium </em>sp. and <em>C. vulgaris</em> decreased, and the competitiveness of <em>S. ulna</em> was always the lowest. we constructed a model</span><span> to explore whether interspecific differences in affinity and flux rate for CO<sub>2</sub> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> could explain changes of </span><span>competitiveness</span><span> between algae species along the gradient of atmospheric </span><span>CO<sub>2</sub></span><span> concentration.</span><span> Affinity and flux rate are the capture capacity and transport capacity of substrate, respectively, which are inversely proportional to each other. Low resource concentration is beneficial to the growth and reproduction of algae with high affinity. The simulation results showed that when the atmospheric </span><span>CO<sub>2</sub></span><span> concentration was low</span><span>, </span><span>species with high affinity for both </span><span>CO<sub>2</sub> and </span><span>HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> (HCHH) had the highest </span><span>competitiveness, followed by the species with high affinity for </span><span>CO<sub>2</sub> and low affinity for </span><span>HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> (HCLH), </span><span>the species with low affinity for </span><span>CO<sub>2</sub> and high affinity for </span><span>HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> (LCHH) and the species </span><span>with low affinity for both </span><span>CO<sub>2</sub> and </span><span>HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> (LCLH); when the CO2 concentration was high, the species were ranked according to the competitive ability: LCHH > LCLH > HCHH > HCLH</span><span>. Thus, with the increase of atmospheric </span><span>CO<sub>2</sub> concentration, the competitive advantage changed from </span><span>HCHH</span> <span>species to </span><span>LCHH</span> <span>species.</span><span> These results indicate the important species types contributing to water bloom under the background of increasing global atmospheric </span><span>CO<sub>2</sub>, highlighting the importance of carbon absorption characteristics in understanding, predicting and regulating population dynamics and community composition of algae.</span></p>
Subspecies and Distribution. M.r.reginaThomas,1898—EColombia,ontheAndeanslopesandadjacentlowlands. M.r.germanaThomas,1904—EEcuador,fromtheRioNapodrainageSalonglowerAndeanfoothillsandadjacentlowlandstoEPeru,Bolivia,andtheWAmazonBasinofBrazil. M. r. rapposa Thomas, 1899 — Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia, from mid-elevation (1000- 2500 m) forests of the E Andes to adjacent lowlands. in Didelphidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.r.reginaThomas,1898—EColombia,ontheAndeanslopesandadjacentlowlands. M.r.germanaThomas,1904—EEcuador,fromtheRioNapodrainageSalonglowerAndeanfoothillsandadjacentlowlandstoEPeru,Bolivia,andtheWAmazonBasinofBrazil. M. r. rapposa Thomas, 1899 — Peru, Brazil, and Bolivia, from mid-elevation (1000- 2500 m) forests of the E Andes to adjacent lowlands.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.x.xanthopygusWaterhouse,1837—fromNWPatagoniainArgentinaandChile,StotheStraitofMagellanandAndeanrangesinextremeSChileanmainland,andreachingthecoastinSantaCruzProvince,Argentina. P.x.chilensisMann,1945—AltiplanoW&SWofLakeTiticacainPeruandBolivia,andthehighAndesbetweenTarapacaRegion,Chile,andBolivia,atelevationsabove3300m. P.x.posticalisThomas,1912—C&SPeru,onbothslopesoftheAndestoelevationsaslowas1800m. P.x.ricardulusThomas,1919—C&EAndesinNW&NCArgentina,atelevationsof500-4800m;isolatedpopulationsinSantiagodelEstero,Cordoba,andSanLuisprovincesprobablybelongtothissubspecies. P. x. rupestris P. Gervais, 1841 — Bolivian Plateau, extending down the E Andean slope into Jujuy Province, Argentina, and at intermediate elevations on the W slope in N Chile and S Peru. P x. vaccarum Thomas, 1912 — both sides of the Andes, from Atacama, Chile, and Catamarca Province, Argentina, S to Talca, Chile, and Neuquén Province, Argentina, at elevations of 800-4000 m. in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.x.xanthopygusWaterhouse,1837—fromNWPatagoniainArgentinaandChile,StotheStraitofMagellanandAndeanrangesinextremeSChileanmainland,andreachingthecoastinSantaCruzProvince,Argentina. P.x.chilensisMann,1945—AltiplanoW&SWofLakeTiticacainPeruandBolivia,andthehighAndesbetweenTarapacaRegion,Chile,andBolivia,atelevationsabove3300m. P.x.posticalisThomas,1912—C&SPeru,onbothslopesoftheAndestoelevationsaslowas1800m. P.x.ricardulusThomas,1919—C&EAndesinNW&NCArgentina,atelevationsof500-4800m;isolatedpopulationsinSantiagodelEstero,Cordoba,andSanLuisprovincesprobablybelongtothissubspecies. P. x. rupestris P. Gervais, 1841 — Bolivian Plateau, extending down the E Andean slope into Jujuy Province, Argentina, and at intermediate elevations on the W slope in N Chile and S Peru. P x. vaccarum Thomas, 1912 — both sides of the Andes, from Atacama, Chile, and Catamarca Province, Argentina, S to Talca, Chile, and Neuquén Province, Argentina, at elevations of 800-4000 m.
Subspecies and Distribution. P a. amicus Thomas, 1900 — Andean foothills from NW to SW Peru. P. a. maritimus Thomas, 1900 — known only from the type locality in P.a. Province, WC Peru, at an elevation of 1200 m. P a. montanus Thomas, 1900 — W Andean slopes in La Libertad and Ancash departments. in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P a. amicus Thomas, 1900 — Andean foothills from NW to SW Peru. P. a. maritimus Thomas, 1900 — known only from the type locality in P.a. Province, WC Peru, at an elevation of 1200 m. P a. montanus Thomas, 1900 — W Andean slopes in La Libertad and Ancash departments.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.m.macronyxThomas,1894—highAndesinWCArgentina(MendozaandNNeuquénprovinces)andadjacentChile. P.m. vestitus Thomas, 1903 — mediumto low-elevation localities in S Argentina (Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, and Santa Cruz provinces) and adjacent Chile (Aysén and Magallanes regions). in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.m.macronyxThomas,1894—highAndesinWCArgentina(MendozaandNNeuquénprovinces)andadjacentChile. P.m. vestitus Thomas, 1903 — mediumto low-elevation localities in S Argentina (Neuquén, Rio Negro, Chubut, and Santa Cruz provinces) and adjacent Chile (Aysén and Magallanes regions).
Distribution. SE Brazil, restricted to higher elevations of Caparao, Mantiqueira, and Serra dos Orgaos massifs in the states of Minas Gerais, Espitito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro. in Cricetidae
Distribution. SE Brazil, restricted to higher elevations of Caparao, Mantiqueira, and Serra dos Orgaos massifs in the states of Minas Gerais, Espitito Santo, and Rio de Janeiro.
Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.amoenusThomas,1903—WCBrazil(RondoniaandMatoGrossostates)andN&EBolivia(Pando,LaPaz,andSantaCruzdepartments),atelevationsof200-900m. N. a. carceleni Hershkovitz, 1940 — Amazonian Basin in Ecuador, Peru, and W Brazil (Amazonas and Acre states), at elevations of 200-750 m. in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.amoenusThomas,1903—WCBrazil(RondoniaandMatoGrossostates)andN&EBolivia(Pando,LaPaz,andSantaCruzdepartments),atelevationsof200-900m. N. a. carceleni Hershkovitz, 1940 — Amazonian Basin in Ecuador, Peru, and W Brazil (Amazonas and Acre states), at elevations of 200-750 m.
Distribution. Restricted to high-elevations of Sierra Madre Oriental in CW Veracruz, E Puebla, and N Oaxaca, Mexico. in Cricetidae
Distribution. Restricted to high-elevations of Sierra Madre Oriental in CW Veracruz, E Puebla, and N Oaxaca, Mexico.
FIGURE 2 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology
FIGURE 2. Chromosome number and pollen characters in Heliosperma spp. Somatic chromosome number (2n = 26) in root meristematic cell of H. pusillum subsp. chromodontum (a), pollen size, shape and viability after Alexander staining in H. macranthum (green—non-viable and purple—viable pollen grains inserted) (b).
FIGURE 5 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology
FIGURE 5. Factorial analysis of mixed data (FAMD) of seeds characters and hierarchical clustering on its principal components (HCPC). Distribution of the quantitative variables (a). Distribution of the qualitative variables (b); 2-4rows—number of rows in crest; 1- 2chambers—number of hilum chambers; marginal/middle—hilum location; brown/black—colour of seed; present/lack—waxes in hilum chambers; matt/shiny—surface type. Variation of elevation variable (c). Variation of habitat variable (numbers correspond to NATURA 2000 codes) (d). Five clusters of species identified by Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC) (e). ALP—H. alpestre; MAC—H. macranthum; RET—H. retzdorffianum; NIC—H. nikolicii; OLI—H. oliverae; PUS—H. pusillum subsp. pusillum; ALB—H. pusillum subsp. albanicum; MARK—H. pusillum subsp. markgrafii; MON—H. pusillum subsp. monachorum; CAN—H. pusillum var. candavicum; CHROM—H. pusillum subsp. chromodontum.
FIGURE 4 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology
FIGURE 4. Seed microstructure in Heliosperma spp. a0–a3 and b0–b3 general seed view, c0–c3 view of cells near crest (dorsal view), d0–d3 view of the cells near the hilum (ventral view), e0–e3—view of the hilum. a0–e0—H. macranthum, a1–e1—H. pusillum subsp. chromodontum, a2–e2—H. retzdorffianum, a3–e3—H. pusillum ssp. markgrafii. Bars in a0–a3 = 500 µm, b0–b3 = 250 µm, c0–c3, d0–d3, e0–e3 = 30 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Low and high elevation Heliosperma species (Caryophyllaceae)-insight based on chromosome number, pollen characters and seed micromorphology
FIGURE 3. Capsules of Heliosperma macranthum (a) and H. retzdorffianum (b, c). Note seeds sticked to the pubescent plants (arrows in c).
Elevation-Dependent Warming Identified During the Abrupt Shift at the Last Ice Age Termination
<p>The current Earth’s surface warming rate may increase with elevation, known as Elevation-Dependent Warming, which has profound environmental impacts on the fragile environments in high-elevation mountainous regions. However, Elevation-Dependent Warming has not been well constrained due to the short duration and sparse distribution of available instrumental data. Here we report quantitative paleotemperature reconstructions for three lakes within the elevational range of 1800–3800 m above sea level in the Hengduan Mountains, southeastern Tibetan Plateau, to show that abrupt warming occurred during ~14500–14000 years ago, and the warming rate was higher at higher elevations. We also find a prolonged cold interval from ~24000 to ~14000 years ago at high elevations, which coincides with the timing of the regional mountain glacier advances. We conclude that the observed Elevation-Dependent Warming was probably driven by the surface snow-albedo feedback caused by the rapidly shrinking mountain glaciers, which had a stronger influence at higher elevations.</p>
FIGURE. Distribution of Dicorynia. Physical map of the Amazonian region with all analyzed specimens of Dicorynia. A large amount of point overlays leading to reduced number of visible points is due to the large percentage of materials being old collections that rely only on the name of the municipality or similar. Source: NASA with modifications. Note that almost all specimens are contained in areas with less than 200 m high and the high elevations of the Guiana shield may represent a form of isolation between the two species. in A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae)
FIGURE. Distribution of Dicorynia. Physical map of the Amazonian region with all analyzed specimens of Dicorynia. A large amount of point overlays leading to reduced number of visible points is due to the large percentage of materials being old collections that rely only on the name of the municipality or similar. Source: NASA with modifications. Note that almost all specimens are contained in areas with less than 200 m high and the high elevations of the Guiana shield may represent a form of isolation between the two species.
Subspecies and Distribution. S.t.townsendiiBachman,1839—fromextremeSWBritishColumbia(SWCanada)SthroughWWashingtonandWOregontoNWCalifornia(NWUSA). S. t. olympicus M. L. Johnson & Yates, 1980 — known only from elevations above 1000 m in Olympic National Park, NW Washington (USA). in Talpidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S.t.townsendiiBachman,1839—fromextremeSWBritishColumbia(SWCanada)SthroughWWashingtonandWOregontoNWCalifornia(NWUSA). S. t. olympicus M. L. Johnson & Yates, 1980 — known only from elevations above 1000 m in Olympic National Park, NW Washington (USA).
Distribution. Restricted to three montane swamps (2100-2300 m) in E DR Congo (Mt Kahuzi) and high-elevation swamps in SW Uganda (Echuya Forest, Ngoto Swamp, Ruhija, Mubwindi Swamp, and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park) at 1500-2380 m. Extensive surveys in swamps in Burundi and Rwenzori Mts have notyielded any specimens. in Soricidae
Distribution. Restricted to three montane swamps (2100-2300 m) in E DR Congo (Mt Kahuzi) and high-elevation swamps in SW Uganda (Echuya Forest, Ngoto Swamp, Ruhija, Mubwindi Swamp, and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park) at 1500-2380 m. Extensive surveys in swamps in Burundi and Rwenzori Mts have notyielded any specimens.
Distribution. Endemic to relict forest patches at elevations over 1500 m in the Rungwe and Udzungwa Mts in S Tanzania. Not known from any of the other Eastern Arc Mts in Tanzania. in Soricidae
Distribution. Endemic to relict forest patches at elevations over 1500 m in the Rungwe and Udzungwa Mts in S Tanzania. Not known from any of the other Eastern Arc Mts in Tanzania.
Distribution. Endemic to Eastern Arc Mts in Tanzania (Uluguru and Udzungwa Mts), at elevations of ¢.600-1150 m. in Soricidae
Distribution. Endemic to Eastern Arc Mts in Tanzania (Uluguru and Udzungwa Mts), at elevations of ¢.600-1150 m.
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Huong Son district, Ha Tinh Province, NC Vietnam, at elevations of 920-1240 m; it likely occurs at higher elevations throughout the N Annamite Range and may be expected on bordering Laos. in Soricidae
Distribution. Known only from the type locality in Huong Son district, Ha Tinh Province, NC Vietnam, at elevations of 920-1240 m; it likely occurs at higher elevations throughout the N Annamite Range and may be expected on bordering Laos.
Distribution. Known from Nepal and NE India (Sikkim). Distributional limits remain unclarified because it recently has been elevated to full species. in Soricidae
Distribution. Known from Nepal and NE India (Sikkim). Distributional limits remain unclarified because it recently has been elevated to full species.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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