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Data from: Muscle force-length dynamics during walking over obstacles indicates delayed recovery and a shift towards more strut-like function in birds with proprioceptive deficit
<p>Recent studies of in vivo muscle function in guinea fowl revealed that distal leg muscles rapidly modulate force and work to stabilize running in uneven terrain. Previous studies focused on running only, and it remains unclear how muscular mechanisms for stability differ between walking and running. Here we investigate in vivo function of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) during walking over obstacles. We compare muscle function in birds with intact (iLG) versus self-reinnervated LG (rLG). Self-reinnervation results in proprioceptive feedback deficit due to loss of monosynaptic stretch reflex. We test the hypothesis that proprioceptive deficit results in decreased modulation of EMG activity in response to obstacle contact, and a delayed obstacle recovery compared to iLG. We found that total myoelectric intensity (Etot) of iLG increased by 68% in obstacle strides (S 0) compared to level terrain, suggesting a substantial reflex-mediated response. In contrast, Etot of rLG increased by 31% in S 0 strides compared to level, but also increased by 43% in the first post-obstacle (S+1) stride. In iLG, muscle force and work differed significantly from level only in the S 0 stride, indicating a single-stride recovery. In rLG, force increased in S 0, S+1, and S+2 compared to level, indicating three-stride obstacle recovery. Interestingly, rLG showed little variation in work output and shortening velocity obstacle terrain, indicating a shift towards near isometric strut-like function. Reinnervated birds also adopt a more crouched posture across level and obstacle terrains compared to intact birds. These findings suggest gait specific control mechanisms in walking and running.</p>
Psychoacoustic indicators of pass-by road traffic noise
<p>This dataset contains files related to a measurement campaign of pass-by road traffic noise using the Statistical Pass-By (SPB) method according to ISO 11819-1 (2023) on road surfaces in hot mix asphalt. </p> <p>The compressed folder "Audio files, timestamps and calibration file" is divided into subfolders per measurement day, named according to the measurement date and location. Each subfolder contains continuous recordings as .wav audio files and Excel files with timestamps at 2 seconds before (t0) and 2 s after (tf) the moment a vehicle passage produced the peak noise level in that audio file, besides the air temperature (Tair) and vehicle category (Category). The pass-bys are classified into four categories (Passenger cars, Vans, Dual-axle heavy vehicle - HD and Multiple-axle heavy vehicle - HM).</p> <p>The file "Calibration file 1Hz 113.7 dB.wav" is a pure-tone 113.7 dB calibration file recorded from the sound level meter and microphone used in the measurements.</p> <p>The Excel file "Psychoacoustic indicators of pass-by road traffic noise.xlsx" presents nine acoustic and psychoacoustic indicators calculated from the 4s audio excerpts of 2199 pass-by vehicle noise obtained from this measurement campaign. Calculations were conducted using the algorithms implemented on PsySound3. The columns in this Excel file mean the following:</p> <ol> <li>L<sub>A,max</sub>: average maximum A-weighted sound level, in dB</li> <li>ΔL: the difference between the peak L<sub>A,max </sub>and the L<sub>A,max</sub> at 2 s before the peak was reached, in dB</li> <li>L<sub>A,eq</sub>: A-weighted equivalent continuous sound level, in dB</li> <li>L10: 10% percentile statistical noise level, in dB</li> <li>L90: 90% percentile statistical noise level, in dB</li> <li>N50: 50% percentile loudness, in sone</li> <li>S50: 50% percentile sharpness, in acum</li> <li>R50: 50% percentile roughness, in asper</li> <li>FS50: 50% percentile fluctuation strength, in vacil</li> </ol>
Chemical fingerprints indicate group membership in a highly social communal breeding bird
<p>Gregarious species must distinguish group members from non-group members. Olfaction is important for group recognition in mammals but rarely studied in birds, despite birds using olfaction in social contexts from species discrimination to kin recognition. Olfactory-based recognition requires that groups have a signature odour, so we tested for preen oil and feather chemical similarity among group-living smooth-billed anis (<em>Crotophaga</em> <em>ani</em>). Physiology affects body chemistry, so we also tested for an effect of egg-laying competition, as a proxy for reproductive status, on female chemical similarity. Finally, the fermentation hypothesis for chemical recognition posits that host-associated microbes drive host odour, so we tested for covariation between ani chemicals and microbiota. Group members were more chemically similar than non-group members, regardless of body region, demonstrating that gregarious bird species can have group chemical signatures. Females in groups with less egg-laying competition had more similar preen oil, but not feather, chemicals, suggesting preen oil conveys information about reproductive status. There was no overall covariation between chemicals and microbes; instead, subsets of microbes could mediate olfactory cues in birds. Preen oil and feather chemicals showed little overlap, suggesting they convey different information. These findings will guide experimental work on olfaction in gregarious birds.</p>
Quotatives Indicate Decline in Objectivity in U.S. Political News
<p>Data to reproduce results for the paper </p> <p>Quotatives Indicate Decline in Objectivity in U.S. Political News (ICWSM 2023)</p> <p>Code: https://github.com/epfl-dlab/quotative_bias</p>
Passive acoustic monitoring indicates Barred Owls are established in northern coastal California and management intervention is warranted
<p>Barred Owls (<em>Strix varia</em>) have recently expanded westward from eastern North America, contributing to substantial declines in Northern Spotted Owls (<em>Strix occidentalis caurina</em>). Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) represents a potentially powerful approach for tracking range expansions like the Barred Owl's, but further methods development is needed to ensure that PAM-informed occupancy models meaningfully reflect population processes. Focusing on the leading edge of the Barred Owl range expansion in coastal California, we used a combination of PAM data, GPS-tagging, and active surveys to (1) estimate breeding home range size, (2) identify patterns of vocal activity that reflect resident occupancy, and (3) estimate resident occupancy rates. Mean breeding season home range size (452 ha) was reasonably consistent with the size of cells (400 ha) sampled with autonomous recording units (ARUs). Nevertheless, false-positive acoustic detections of Barred Owls frequently occurred within cells not containing an activity center such that site occupancy estimates derived using all detected vocalizations (0.61) were unlikely to be representative of resident occupancy. However, the proportion of survey nights with confirmed vocalizations (VN) and the number of ARUs within a sampling cell with confirmed vocalizations (VU) were indicative of Barred Owl residency. Moreover, the false positive error rate could be reduced for occupancy analyses by establishing thresholds of VN and VU to define detections, although doing so increased false negative error rates in some cases. Using different thresholds of VN and VU, we estimated resident occupancy to be 0.29–0.44, which indicates that Barred Owls have become established in the region but also that timely lethal removals could still help prevent the extirpation of Northern Spotted Owls. Our findings provide a scalable framework for monitoring Barred Owl populations throughout their expanded range and, more broadly, a basis for converting site occupancy to resident occupancy in PAM programs. </p>
Socioeconomic and environmental indicators of health and health condition for 77 districts of the Czech Republic (2001–2003 and 2016–2019)
<p>The dataset comprises 60 health indicators categorized into seven groups (A.1 to A.7), consisting of a total of 36 health determinants. Additionally, there is one category (B.1) specifically for health conditions, containing 24 health indicators. This dataset was created for 77 regions in the Czech Republic, including 76 districts (LAU1) and the capital city of Prague. The data were extracted from official sources, namely the Czech Statistical Office, the Institute of Health Information and Statistics of the Czech Republic, the Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs, and the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute. The dataset covers two time periods: 2001–2003 and 2016–2019.</p>
Fungicide-free management of Alternaria leaf blotch and fruit spot on apple indicates Alternaria spp. as secondary colonizer
<p>Raw data of the article: <strong>"Fungicide-free management of Alternaria leaf blotch and fruit spot on apple indicates <em>Alternaria spp</em>. as secondary colonizer"</strong>, DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35448-2</p> <p>-->see Read Me file</p>
Heart disease indicators
<p>Heart Attack Analysis & Prediction Dataset for Practice in UOC in data analysis and cleaning.</p>
Peak power and body mass as indices of bone loading in a healthy adult population
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: The purpose of this study was to examine whether a common, non-invasive, muscular fitness field test was a better predictor of bone strength compared to body mass. </p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to determine the amount of variance that peak power explained for bone strength of the tibia compared to body mass. Peak power was estimated from maximal vertical jump height using Sayer's equation. Peripheral quantitative computed tomography scans were used to assess bone strength measures. </p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Peak power (ꞵ=0.541, p<0.001) contributed more to the unique variance in bone strength index for compression compared to body mass (ꞵ=-0.102, p=0.332). For polar strength strain index, the beta coefficient for body mass remained significant (ꞵ=0.257, p<0.006), however, peak power's contribution was similar (ꞵ=0.213, p= 0.051).</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Compared to body mass, peak power was a better predictor for trabecular bone strength but similar to body mass for cortical bone strength. These data provide additional support for the development of a vertical jump test as a simple, objective, valid and reliable measure to monitor bone strength among youth and adult populations.</p>
Simulated population time series used to build and test a model of accuracy for population-based global biodiversity indicators
<p class="MsoNormal">Global biodiversity is facing a crisis, which must be solved through effective policies and on-the-ground conservation. But governments, NGOs, and scientists need reliable indicators to guide research, conservation actions, and policy decisions. Developing reliable indicators is challenging because the data underlying those tools is incomplete and biased. For example, the Living Planet Index tracks the changing status of global vertebrate biodiversity, but taxonomic, geographic and temporal gaps and biases are present in the aggregated data used to calculate trends. But without a basis for real-world comparison, there is no way to directly assess an indicator's accuracy or reliability. Instead, a modelling approach can be used.</p> <p class="MsoNormal">We developed a model of trend reliability, using simulated datasets as stand-ins for the "real world", degraded samples as stand-ins for indicator datasets (e.g. the Living Planet Database), and a distance measure to quantify reliability by comparing sampled to unsampled trends. The model revealed that the proportion of species represented in the database is not always indicative of trend reliability. Important factors are the number and length of time series, as well as their mean growth rates and variance in their growth rates, both within and between time series. We found that many trends in the Living Planet Index need more data to be considered reliable, particularly trends across the global south. In general, bird trends are the most reliable, while reptile and amphibian trends are most in need of additional data. We simulated three different solutions for reducing data deficiency, and found that collating existing data (where available) is the most efficient way to improve trend reliability, and that revisiting previously-studied populations is a quick and efficient way to improve trend reliability until new long-term studies can be completed and made available.</p>
Dataset of H-alpha activity indices of F-, G-, and K-type stars observed by the LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey
<p>This dataset of H-alpha activity indices is for investigation of stellar H-alpha chromospheric activity based on the LAMOST Medium-Resolution Spectroscopic Survey (MRS). High signal-to-noise ratio MRS coadded spectra of F-, G-, and K-type stars (4000-7000 K) from LAMOST Data Release 8 are utilized in the dataset (329,294 spectra in total). The H-alpha activity index (I_halpha) and the H-alpha R-index (R_halpha) are evaluated for the MRS spectra. The values of the H-alpha indices and their uncertainties, as well as the related spectroscopic parameters from the LAMOST catalogs, are stored in a CSV-format file (file name: Halpha_activity_indices_LAMOST_MRS_DR8.csv).</p> <p> </p> <p>Columns included in the dataset:</p> <p>obsid - unique observation identifier of LAMOST MRS</p> <p>ra - right ascension of the observed object (unit: degree)</p> <p>dec - declination of the observed object (unit: degree)</p> <p>obsdate - UTC date of the observation (format: YYYY-MM-DD)</p> <p>fitsname - MRS FITS data file name</p> <p>sn_B - signal-to-noise ratio of the blue band of MRS</p> <p>sn_R - signal-to-noise ratio of the red band of MRS</p> <p>band_para - indicating which band of MRS is used by the LASP to determine the stellar atmospheric parameters; ‘B’ representing the blue band and ‘R’ representing the red band</p> <p>teff - effective temperature determined by the LASP (unit: K)</p> <p>teff_err - uncertainty of teff (unit: K)</p> <p>logg - surface gravity determined by the LASP (unit: dex)</p> <p>logg_err - uncertainty of logg (unit: dex)</p> <p>feh - metallicity determined by the LASP (unit: dex)</p> <p>feh_err - uncertainty of feh (unit: dex)</p> <p>rv_r0 - radial velocity determined based on the red band data of MRS (unit: km/s)</p> <p>rv_r0_err - uncertainty of rv_r0 (unit: km/s)</p> <p>category* - ‘main-sequence’ or ‘giant’ or ‘intermediate-zone’</p> <p>I_halpha* - H-alpha activity index</p> <p>I_halpha_err* - uncertainty of I_halpha</p> <p>chi* - χ factor for calculating R_halpha from I_halpha (unit: 1/Å)</p> <p>chi_err* - uncertainty of chi (unit: 1/Å)</p> <p>R_halpha* - H-alpha R-index</p> <p>R_halpha_err* - uncertainty of R_halpha</p> <p>(Note: The columns marked with an asterisk are provided by this dataset. Other columns are from the catalogs of LAMOST DR8 v1.1. LASP is an acronym for the LAMOST Stellar Parameter Pipeline. A value of -9999.0 in the dataset indicates that it is not available.)</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Paradata datasets for: Identifying a Set of Key Paradata Indicators in Web Surveys
<p>Paradata datasets for Identifying a Set of Key Paradata Indicators in Web Surveys Based on the Relationship with Response Quality, Respondent Characteristics and Substantive Variables</p>
Justicia. Europa. 2012 2021. Correlacción Contexto BM. Indice de Justicia, IMJ. Indice de Paz Positiva, IPP
<p>Justicia. Europa. 2012 2021. Correlacción Contexto BM. Indice de Justicia, IMJ. Indice de Paz Positiva, IPP</p>
Justicia. America, Caribe Centro Norte . 2012 2021. Correlacción Contexto BM. Indice de Justicia, IMJ. Indice de Paz Positiva, IPP
<p>Justicia. America, Caribe Centro Norte . 2012 2021. Correlacción Contexto BM. Indice de Justicia, IMJ. Indice de Paz Positiva, IPP</p>
Justicia. Africa y Oceania. 2012 2021. Correlacción Contexto BM. Indice de Justicia, IMJ. Indice de Paz Positiva, IPP
<p>Justicia. Africa y Oceania. 2012 2021. Correlacción Contexto BM. Indice de Justicia, IMJ. Indice de Paz Positiva, IPP</p>
Justicia. Asia. 2012 2021. Correlacción Contexto BM. Indice de Justicia, IMJ. Indice de Paz Positiva, IPP
<p>Justicia. Asia. 2012 2021. Correlacción Contexto BM. Indice de Justicia, IMJ. Indice de Paz Positiva, IPP</p>
Justicia. America, Sur . 2012 2021. Correlacción Contexto BM. Indice de Justicia, IMJ. Indice de Paz Positiva, IPP
<p>Justicia. America, Sur . 2012 2021. Correlacción Contexto BM. Indice de Justicia, IMJ. Indice de Paz Positiva, IPP</p>
Data from: Emergent spatial patterns can indicate upcoming regime shifts in a realistic model of coral community
<p class="western"><span>Increased stress on coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs, seagrasses, kelp forests and other habitats can make them shift towards degraded, often algae-dominated or barren communities. This has already occurred in many places around the world, calling for new approaches to identify where such regime shifts may be triggered. Theoretical work predicts that the spatial structure of habitat-forming species should exhibit changes prior to regime shifts,</span><span><em> </em></span><span>such as an increase in spatial autocorrelation. However, extending this theory to marine systems requires theoretical models connecting field-supported ecological mechanisms to data and spatial patterns at relevant scales. To do so, we built a spatially-explicit model of sub-tropical coral communities based on experiments and long-term datasets from Rapa Nui (Easter Island, Chile), to test whether spatial indicators could signal upcoming regime shifts in coral communities. Spatial indicators anticipated degradation of coral communities following increases in frequency of bleaching events or coral mortality. However, they were generally unable to signal shifts that followed herbivore loss, a widespread and well-researched source of degradation, likely because herbivory, despite being critical for the maintenance of corals, had comparatively little effect on their self-organization. Informative trends were found both under equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions, but were determined by the type of direct neighbor interactions between corals, which remain relatively poorly documented. These inconsistencies show that while this approach is promising, its application to marine systems will require detailed information about the type of stressor, and filling current gaps in our knowledge of interactions at play in coral communities. </span></p>
Confocal microscopy imaging of FocalCheck fluorescent beads at various oil indices under ambient temperature
<p>the dataset consisting of 20 fields of images with physical dimensions of 1340x1340x64 pixels. These images were acquired using two different refractive indices: one with oil immersion corrected for a temperature of 23°C and another with oil immersion corrected for a temperature of 37°C. A constant temperature of 24.5°C was maintained throughout the data collection</p>
Information Status Indicator
<p>A .csv table containing the results os all three information status sub-indicators, and the final information status indicator for all regions listed in GRIIS, considering alien amphibian species.</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.