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FIGURE 12 in Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of a new catfish species from northeastern Argentina with comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Rhamdella Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1888 (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae)

FIGURE 12. Left hyoid arch of Rhamdella cainguae, LIRP 3045, male, 149.9 mm SL, paratype. Lateral view. Scale bar = 5 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Anatomy and phylogenetic relationships of a new catfish species from northeastern Argentina with comments on the phylogenetic relationships of the genus Rhamdella Eigenmann and Eigenmann 1888 (Siluriformes, Heptapteridae)

FIGURE 3. Head of Rhamdella cainguae, LIRP 3045, male, 153.8 mm SL, paratype, showing laterosensory canals. Dorsal view. Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of gerbil mice Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in South America, with a description of a new species

FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic relationships for species of Eligmodontia resulting from the maximum-likelihood analysis of the entire 1143 bp of the cytochrome b gene with TrN+I+G model of sequence evolution (Lnl = -5739.812). Numbers above branches represent the percentage of 100 bootstrap iterations for which each clade was detected (only those clades detected in> 50% of the bootstrap iterations are shown). Character-state changes were polarized by designating Calomys, Graomys, Phyllotis, and Salinomys as the outgroup taxa.

FIGURE 7 in Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of gerbil mice Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in South America, with a description of a new species

FIGURE 7. Habitat near the type locality of Eligmodontia bolsonensis in peripheral sandy areas near the northern limits of the Salar de Pipanaco, Catamarca Province. The site is very near the type locality of Pipanacoctomys aureus, which is limited to the saline edges of the salt flat proper. Shrubs of this halophytic area include members of the Goosefoot Family, Chenopodiaceae, Atriplex lampa (foreground) and darker and taller Suaeda divaricata (mid-portion of the photograph). The taller trees in the background are Prosopis flexuosa. Dune habitats, on which E. bolsonensis also occurs, are visible in the distance near the Prosopis. The peak in the distance is the Nevado del Candado of the Sierra de Aconquija at 5450 m elevation.

FIGURE 1. Localities for Eligmodontia specimens sampled for 1143 in Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of gerbil mice Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in South America, with a description of a new species

FIGURE 1. Localities for Eligmodontia specimens sampled for 1143 bp of the cytochrome b gene are indicated by numbers (Table 2) and the following symbols: closed triangles = E. hirtipes; open triangles = E. puerulus; closed squares = E. morgani; open squares = E. typus (lowland); closed circles = E. typus (highland); open circles = E. moreni. Localities where E. typus (highland) and E. moreni were found in sympatry are indicated by half filled circles. Letters indicate type localities (Table 2) for the described taxa of Eligmodontia (Table 1).

FIGURE 4 in Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of gerbil mice Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in South America, with a description of a new species

FIGURE 4. Multivariate relationships of species of Eligmodontia. Projections of scores for principal components I, II, and III extracted from correlations of 20 external and cranial measurements. Taxa are indicated by the following symbols: M = E. moreni; L = E. typus (lowland); H = E. typus (highland).

FIGURE 6 in Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of gerbil mice Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in South America, with a description of a new species

FIGURE 6. Phylogenetic relationships of Eligmodontia (modified from Figs. 2 and 3). Indicated at nodes are Kimura-2 parameter sequence divergences and geological epochs. Major ecoregions for each species are indicated as follows: A=Altiplano; CS=Chaco Seco; E=Espinal; M=Monte; MSB=Monte de Sierras y Bolsones; Pt=Patagonia; and Pu=Puna.

FIGURE 5 in Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of gerbil mice Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in South America, with a description of a new species

FIGURE 5. Eligmodontia bolsonensis, new species (holotype, OMNH 34739); views from top to bottom: dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of skull, lateral view of mandible, occlusal view of upper molar toothrow (left), and occlusal view of lower molar toothrow (right). Greatest length of skull is 24.05 mm, length of maxillary toothrow is 3.68 mm, and length of mandibular toothrow is 3.67 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Phylogenetic and biogeographic relationships of gerbil mice Eligmodontia (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in South America, with a description of a new species

FIGURE 3. Relationships for species of Eligmodontia. This topology depicts only those clades receiving bootstrap support>70% (in maximum likelihood, unweighted parsimony, and minimum evolution analyses) and>0.95 (posterior probabilities in Bayesian analysis) for at least 3 of the 4 different methods of analysis. Numbers associated with internal lineages reflect bootstrap support (percentage) from Bayesian posterior probabilities and maximum likelihood above the line, and unweighted parsimony followed by minimum evolution below the line.

FIGURE 3. Maximum parsimony phylogenetic relationships with the taxon Pituna poranga removed. Heuristic search with 50 in Description of a new annual rivulid killifish genus from Venezuela

FIGURE 3. Maximum parsimony phylogenetic relationships with the taxon Pituna poranga removed. Heuristic search with 50 random additions and TBR branch swapping resulted in a single most parsimonious topology of 5706 steps. Numbers above nodes are bootstrap values based on 2000 pseudoreplicates (25 random additions each); only values over 50 are reported. Numbers below branches are Bremer support indices which are equivalent to unreversed synapomorphies.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Liolaemus from Añelo sand dunes, northern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina, and molecular phylogenetic relationships of the Liolaemus wiegmannii species group (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemini)

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic relationships of Liolaemus cuyumhue with other species of the wiegmannii group as shown by the consensus Bayesian tree. Posterior probabilities and maximum parsimony bootstrap values are shown above and below branches.

FIGURE 3 in A new species of Liolaemus from Añelo sand dunes, northern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina, and molecular phylogenetic relationships of the Liolaemus wiegmannii species group (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemini)

FIGURE 3. Known distribution of wiegmannii species group. Large red star: type locality of Liolaemus cuyumhue. Red squares, L. azarai; orange squares: L. multimaculatus; green squares: L. salinicola; green circles: L. lutzae; yellow circles: L.scapularis; red circles: L. arambarensis; pink circles: L. occipitalis; blue circles: L.wiegmannii; black stars: L. riojanus; yellow square: L. rabinoi. Inset: satellite image of the Añelo basin, a red star mark the type locality.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Liolaemus from Añelo sand dunes, northern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina, and molecular phylogenetic relationships of the Liolaemus wiegmannii species group (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemini)

FIGURE 1. Liolaemus cuyumhue in life, lateral and ventral view of holotype (MACN 38981), adult male 51.2 mm in SVL.

FIGURE 2 in A new species of Liolaemus from Añelo sand dunes, northern Patagonia, Neuquén, Argentina, and molecular phylogenetic relationships of the Liolaemus wiegmannii species group (Squamata, Iguania, Liolaemini)

FIGURE 2. Dorsal and ventral color variation in the type series of Liolaemus cuyumhue (museum numbers are in diagnosis).

FIGURE 1. The phylogenetic relationships between the major Hawaiian Drosophila groups. a in Review of the spoon tarsus subgroup of Hawaiian Drosophila (Drosophilidae: Diptera), with a description of one new species

FIGURE 1. The phylogenetic relationships between the major Hawaiian Drosophila groups. a) phylogeny of species groups based on internal morphology (Throckmorton 1966), b) phylogeny of species groups based on molecular data (Bonacum 2001).

FIGURE 3 in Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

FIGURE 3. Hypothetical phylogeny of Verdanus rosaurus-bensoni-limbatellus group. Synapomorphic characters: 5 = presence of subapical lateral processes of aedeagus; 8 = ovipositor-base protruding anteriorly; 11 = broad shaft of aedeagus; 12 = spur-shaped subapical lateral processes of aedeagus; 13 = margin of apical aedeagus appendages angular; 14 = aedeagus shaft widening from basis to apex; 15 = apical aedeagus appendages in caudal direction; 16 = apical aedeagus appendages oriented perpendicularly to sagittal plane; 17 = subapical lateral aedeagus processes shifted in median position; 18 = apical aedeagus appendages narrow, dagger-shaped.

FIGURE 5 in Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

FIGURE 5. Aedeagus. Verdanus tyrannus sp. nov., male (paratype: Italy, Emilia Romagna, Passo delle Radici), (A) ventral view; (B) ventrolateral view; (C) lateral view; (D) caudal view. - Verdanus saurosus sp. nov., male (paratype: Italy, Toscana, M. Corchia), (E) ventral view; (F) ventrolateral view; (G) lateral view; (H) caudal view.

FIGURE 8 in Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

FIGURE 8. Aedeagus. Verdanus limbatellus (Zetterstedt) (Russia, bassin of Manya river, Great Ural, Liapin & Flerov leg., 21.-23. VII. 1927), (A) ventral view; (B) caudal view (base and apodemes are not drawn); (C) lateral view. - Verdanus kyrilli (Emeljanov) (Mongolia, Delger-Muren river near Buren-Chan Chubsugul aimag, Emeljanov leg., 28.- 29.VI. 1968), (D) caudal view (base and apodemes are not drawn); (E) ventral view; (F) lateral view. - Verdanus sichotanus (Anufriev) (Mongolia, Bulgan, Dlabola, 5/8/1965, MNHN 3497), (G) ventral view; (H) lateral view; (I) caudal view (base and apodemes are not drawn).

FIGURE 2 in Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

FIGURE 2. (A) Landscape in the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines near Passo delle Radici, type locality of Verdanus tyrannus sp. nov.; (B) Southern slope of M. Corchia (Alpi Apuane), type locality of Verdanus saurosus sp. nov.; (C) Southern slopes of Alpe di Succiso, type locality of Verdanus rosaurus rosaurus ssp. nov.; (D) M. Cavalbianco, type locality of Verdanus rosaurus rex ssp. nov.; (E) Verdanus rosaurus rosaurus ssp. nov., male.

FIGURE 1 in Northern Apennines as centre of speciation: a new Verdanus species group (Hemiptera, Cicadomorpha, Cicadellidae) from Italy and its phylogenetic relationships with V. bensoni and the V. limbatellus group

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of new taxa. ♦ = Verdanus tyrannus sp. nov.; ˑ = Verdanus saurosus sp. nov.; ● = Verdanus rosaurus rosaurus ssp. nov.; ․ = Verdanus rosaurus rex ssp. nov..