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Data from: DNA barcoding fishes from the Congo and the Lower Guinean provinces: assembling a reference library for poorly inventoried fauna
The Congolese and Lower Guinean ichthyological provinces are understudied hotspots of the global fish diversity. Here, we barcoded 741 specimens from the Lower and Middle Congo River and from three major drainage basins of the Lower Guinean ichthyological province, Kouilou-Niari, Nyanga and Ogowe. We identified 195 morphospecies belonging to 82 genera and 25 families. Most morphospecies (92.8%) corresponded to distinct clusters of DNA barcodes. Of the four morphospecies present in both neighbouring ichthyological provinces, only one showed DNA barcode divergence <2.5%. A small fraction of the fishes barcoded here (12.9% of the morphospecies and 16.1% of the barcode clusters representing putative species) were also barcoded in a previous large-scale DNA analysis of freshwater fishes of the Lower Congo published in 2011 (191 specimens, 102 morphospecies). We compared species assignments before and after taxonomic updates and across studies performed by independent research teams and observed that most cases of inconsistent species assignments were due to unknown diversity (undescribed species and unknown intraspecific variation). Our results report more than 17 putative new species and show that DNA barcode data provide a measure of genetic variability that facilitates the inventory of underexplored ichthyofaunae. However, taxonomic scrutiny, associated with revisions and new species descriptions, is indispensable to delimit species and build a coherent reference library.
Data from: Reference data for the Ruff Figural Fluency Test stratified by age and educational level
The Ruff Figural Fluency Test (RFFT) was developed to avoid the difficulties that were encountered in earlier tests of figural fluency. Although the test characteristics of the RFFT seem to be good and it is a valuable addition to neuropsychological assessments, reference data are still scarce. To this aim, we required 2,404 community dwelling persons in Groningen, The Netherlands to perform the RFFT. All 1,651 persons with a complete RFFT and known educational level formed the reference sample. Their age ranged from 35 to 82 years and their educational level from primary school to university grade. Ninety-six percent of the persons were of Western European descent. All tests were analyzed by two independent examiners and subsequently three measures were calculated: number of unique designs, number of perseverative errors and error ratio. The main finding was that performance on the RFFT was dependent on age and educational level. This was not only observed in older persons but also in young and middle-aged persons. Reference data for the three RFFT measures are presented in groups of five years of age ranging from 35-39 years to 75 years or older.
Data from: Automated assembly of a reference taxonomy for phylogenetic data synthesis
Taxonomy and nomenclature data are critical for any project that synthesizes biodiversity data, as most biodiversity data sets use taxonomic names to identify taxa. Open Tree of Life is one such project, synthesizing sets of published phylogenetic trees into comprehensive summary trees. No single published taxonomy met the taxonomic and nomenclatural needs of the project. Here we describe a system for reproducibly combining several source taxonomies into a synthetic taxonomy, and we discuss the challenges of taxonomic and nomenclatural synthesis for downstream biodiversity projects.
Data from: Starting a DNA barcode reference library for shallow water polychaetes from the southern European Atlantic coast
Annelid polychaetes have been seldom the focus of dedicated DNA barcoding studies, despite their ecological relevance and often dominance, particularly in soft-bottom estuarine and coastal marine ecosystems. Here, we report the first assessment of the performance of DNA barcodes in the discrimination of shallow water polychaete species from the southern European Atlantic coast, focusing on specimens collected in estuaries and coastal ecosystems of Portugal. We analysed cytochrome oxidase I DNA barcodes (COI-5P) from 164 specimens, which were assigned to 51 morphospecies. To our data set from Portugal, we added available published sequences selected from the same species, genus or family, to inspect for taxonomic congruence among studies and collection location. The final data set comprised 290 specimens and 79 morphospecies, which generated 99 Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) within Barcode of Life Data Systems (BOLD). Among these, 22 BINs were singletons, 47 other BINs were concordant, confirming the initial identification based on morphological characters, and 30 were discordant, most of which consisted on multiple BINs found for the same morphospecies. Some of the most prominent cases in the latter category include Hediste diversicolor (O.F. Müller, 1776) (7), Eulalia viridis (Linnaeus, 1767) (2) and Owenia fusiformis (delle Chiaje, 1844) (5), all of them reported from Portugal and frequently used in ecological studies as environmental quality indicators. Our results for these species showed discordance between molecular lineages and morphospecies, or added additional relatively divergent lineages. The potential inaccuracies in environmental assessments, where underpinning polychaete species diversity is poorly resolved or clarified, demand additional and extensive investigation of the DNA barcode diversity in this group, in parallel with alpha taxonomy efforts.
FIGURE 3 in Dating and publication of the Encyclopédie Méthodique (1782- 1832), with special reference to the parts of the Histoire Naturelle and details on the Histoire Naturelle des Insectes
FIGURE 3. Title page of volume 4 of the Histoire Naturelle. Insectes. Panckoucke and Plomteux edition.
FIGURES 3035 in A new species of Polydiscia (Acari, Prostigmata, Tanaupodidae) with reference to its host: a new species of Deuterosminthurus (Collembola, Symphypleona, Bourletiellidae)
FIGURES 3035. Deuterosminthurus bisetosus sp. nov. 30. Antennae of male. 31. Antennae of female (a and b with sensillae of dorsal side; c with special setae of posteroventral side). 32. Chaetotaxy of the furcula (according to Nayrolles's 1990 nomenclature) (Bar: 0.1 mm). 33. Chaetotaxy of the head. The white arrow points to the oval organ (abbreviations: c, cervical; v, vertical; o, ocular; d, dorsal; a, anterior; sd, subdorsal; g, genal; cp, clipeal posterior; cc, clipeal central; cm, clipeal medial; cma, clipeal medial anterior; ca, clipeal anterior; pl, prelabral). 34. Seta Sd'4 (black arrow in D) (Bar: 0.01 mm). 35. Female anal appendage (Bar: 10 m)
FIGURES 2629 in A new species of Polydiscia (Acari, Prostigmata, Tanaupodidae) with reference to its host: a new species of Deuterosminthurus (Collembola, Symphypleona, Bourletiellidae)
FIGURES 2629. Deuterosminthurus bisetosus sp. nov. 26. Some setae of the body. a: row 15 of great abdomen of male; b: row 15 of great abdomen of female; c: row 1011 of great abdomen of male; d: row 10 of great abdomen of female; e: seta ventrolateral lightly swollen, posterior to lateral sensilla (arrow in Figure 27), male; f: seta ventrolateral lightly swollen, posterior to lateral sensilla of female; g: second 'i' seta (contiguous to lateral sensilla 's') of male; h: lateral sensilla 's' of male; i: second 'i' seta (contiguous to lateral sensilla 's') of female; j: lateral sensilla 's' of female; k: trichobothria D of female; l: trichobothria E of female (Bar: 10 m). 27. Chaetotaxy of great and small abdomen of male (nomenclature modified from Betsch & Bretfeld, 1991). The hollow arrows points to the oval organs. 28. Chaetotaxy of great and small abdomen of female. The black arrow points to the setae drawn in 26f. The hollow arrows points to the oval organs. 29. Lateral colour pattern of a semipale specimen from Otazu (Navarra) (Bar: 10 m)
FIGURES 1925 in A new species of Polydiscia (Acari, Prostigmata, Tanaupodidae) with reference to its host: a new species of Deuterosminthurus (Collembola, Symphypleona, Bourletiellidae)
FIGURES 1925. Deuterosminthurus bisetosus sp. nov. 19. Antenna of male. 20. Antenna of female. 21. Distal part of Ant. IV of a female (identical in the male). 22. Outline of the antenna of other female. 23. Arrangement of the setae on tibiotarsus (according to Nayrolles's 1987 nomenclature): a, leg I; b, leg II; c, leg III. 24. Setae of tibiotarsus: a, leg I; b, leg II; c, leg III. The hollow arrows points to the oval organs. 25. Whorl I of leg I. (Bar: 0,1 mm, except for C, D and G)
FIGURES 713 in A new species of Polydiscia (Acari, Prostigmata, Tanaupodidae) with reference to its host: a new species of Deuterosminthurus (Collembola, Symphypleona, Bourletiellidae)
FIGURES 713. Polydiscia deuterosminthurus sp. nov. 7. Body dorsal view. 8. Body ventral view. 9. S seta. 10. Dorsal seta c1. 11. Genua, tibia and tarsus of left leg I: dorsal view. 12. Genua, tibia and tarsus of left leg II: dorsal view. 13. Tarsus of left leg III: dorsal view. (Bar 7 and 8: 100 m; 9 to 13: 10 m).
Clover v2.0 reference assembly and annotation
<p>Genome reference assembly and annotation of clover</p>
FIGURES 36-38. Deuterosminthurus bisetosus FIGURES 39-42 in A new species of Polydiscia (Acari, Prostigmata, Tanaupodidae) with reference to its host: a new species of Deuterosminthurus (Collembola, Symphypleona, Bourletiellidae)
FIGURES 36-38. Deuterosminthurus bisetosus FIGURES 39-42. Deuterosminthurus bisetosus sp. sp. nov. 36. Colour pattern of a completely pale nov. 39. Colour pattern of a pale specimen from Otazu specimen from Otazu (central Navarra). 37. (north of Navarra). 40. Red coloured specimen from Generalised coloration of the species, with pale 'Vedado de Egüaras' (south of Navarra). 41. Dark patbrown-violet patches. 38. Orange-red coloured tern of a specimen from Benalmádena (Málaga, south specimen from 'Vedado de Egüaras' (southern of Iberian Peninsula). 42. Lateral view of a specimen Navarra). In all cases the intensity of the colou- from Otazu showing the dark insertion area of the triration is variable (Bar: 0,25 mm). chobothria.
FIGURES 36 in A new species of Polydiscia (Acari, Prostigmata, Tanaupodidae) with reference to its host: a new species of Deuterosminthurus (Collembola, Symphypleona, Bourletiellidae)
FIGURES 36. Polydiscia deuterosminthurus sp. nov. 3. Detail of the gnathosoma, including blade movable digit and palpal tibiatarsus (Bar: 10 m). 4. Detail of pretarsus, sickleshape empodium and claws, leg I (Bar: 5 m). 5. Dorsal view of anterior part of body, gnathosoma and prodorsum (Bar: 20 m). 6. Dorsal view of the chelicera apex and adoral setae (Bar: 2 m).
FIGURES 12. 1 in A new species of Polydiscia (Acari, Prostigmata, Tanaupodidae) with reference to its host: a new species of Deuterosminthurus (Collembola, Symphypleona, Bourletiellidae)
FIGURES 12. 1. Deuterosminthurus bisetosus sp. nov. with Polydiscia deuterosminthurus sp. nov. on it. 2. Habitus of Polydiscia deuterosminthurus sp. nov. (Bar: 0.1 mm)
FIGURES 1418 in A new species of Polydiscia (Acari, Prostigmata, Tanaupodidae) with reference to its host: a new species of Deuterosminthurus (Collembola, Symphypleona, Bourletiellidae)
FIGURES 1418. Deuterosminthurus bisetosus sp. nov. 14. Habitus of a female (Bar: 100 m). 15. Ja seta of leg I (Bar: 2 m). 16. Anal appendage of female (Bar: 10 m). 17. Mucro and detail of its tip (Bar: 10 m). 18. Distal part of leg III (Bar: 10 m)
FIGURES 1–2 in Studies on the Canacidae (Diptera), subfamily Apetaeninae. II. A review of the world subgenera of Apetaenus Eaton, with a special reference to the Australian and New Zealand species
FIGURES 1–2. Apetaenus (Macrocanace) australis (Hutton). 1. Male terminalia lateral view; 2. ditto, caudal view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 3–4 in Studies on the Canacidae (Diptera), subfamily Apetaeninae. II. A review of the world subgenera of Apetaenus Eaton, with a special reference to the Australian and New Zealand species
FIGURES 3–4. Apetaenus (Macrocanace) littoreus (Hutton). 3. Male terminalia lateral view; 4. ditto, caudal view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. The arrow indicates a magnified detail of the surstylus apical portion.
FIGURES 13–14 in Studies on the Canacidae (Diptera), subfamily Apetaeninae. II. A review of the world subgenera of Apetaenus Eaton, with a special reference to the Australian and New Zealand species
FIGURES 13–14. Two typical landscapes of the subantarctic Bounty Island showing the rocky and impervious coasts populated by several colonies of sea-birds. These are the elective environments of the Australian and New Zealand subantarctic species of Apetaenus. (Photo Courtesy of Tui de Roy).
FIGURE 15 in Studies on the Canacidae (Diptera), subfamily Apetaeninae. II. A review of the world subgenera of Apetaenus Eaton, with a special reference to the Australian and New Zealand species
FIGURE 15. Distributional map of the subfamily Apetaeninae (as for the insular toponyms, see the text as well as the distributions given in Munari, 2007).
FIGURES 5–6 in Studies on the Canacidae (Diptera), subfamily Apetaeninae. II. A review of the world subgenera of Apetaenus Eaton, with a special reference to the Australian and New Zealand species
FIGURES 5–6. Chaetotaxy of anepisternum. 5. Apetaenus (Macrocanace) australis (Hutton); 6. Apetaenus (Macrocanace) littoreus (Hutton). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 7–12. 7–10 in Studies on the Canacidae (Diptera), subfamily Apetaeninae. II. A review of the world subgenera of Apetaenus Eaton, with a special reference to the Australian and New Zealand species
FIGURES 7–12. 7–10. Wing (N.B.: the seeming sinuosity of the costal vein, as it appears in some of these photographs, is exclusively due to a defective slide preparation). 7. Apetaenus (Macrocanace) australis (Hutton) from the Antipodes Islands; 8. ditto from the Snares Islands; 9. Apetaenus (Macrocanace) littoreus (Hutton) from the Antipodes Islands; 10. ditto from the Bounty Islands. 11–12. Abdomen of male dorsally. 11. Apetaenus (Apetaenus) litoralis litoralis Eaton; 12. Apetaenus (Apetaenus) litoralis marionensis n. ssp.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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