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3,259 results for “type studies”
Figure 2 from: Proćków J, Faltyn-Parzymska A, Jarzembowski P, Proćków M, Jakubska-Busse A (2020) How many type specimens can be stored in old lesser-known herbaria with turbulent histories? – A Juncus case study reveals their importance in taxonomy and biodiversity research. PhytoKeys 153: 85-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50735
Figure 2 Origin of Juncus historically- and nomenclaturally-important specimens at WRSL according to country. Y-axis: number of herbarium sheets. Specimens most frequently originated from South Africa (42.3%). Juncus type specimens were collected by many distinguished botanists. Amongst these, the four individuals gathered 37.2% of Juncus specimens: C.F. Ecklon & C.L.P. Zeyher, C. Krauss and J.F. Drège.
Figure 1 from: Proćków J, Faltyn-Parzymska A, Jarzembowski P, Proćków M, Jakubska-Busse A (2020) How many type specimens can be stored in old lesser-known herbaria with turbulent histories? – A Juncus case study reveals their importance in taxonomy and biodiversity research. PhytoKeys 153: 85-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.153.50735
Figure 1 Percentage of different categories of Juncus specimens. Types, original material and specimens collected from the original type localities, by the author of the name ("topotypes") at WRSL.
Figure 1 in Investigating the influence of habitat type and weather conditions on the population dynamics of land snails Vertigo angustior Jeffreys, 1830 and Vertigo moulinsiana (Dupuy, 1849). A case study from western Poland
Figure 1. (A) Precipitation in the studied sites in consecutive months of 2008; dashed bars – sampling months. (B) and (C) Abundance of individuals: juveniles (white bars) and adults (black bars) of Vertigo angustior (B) and Vertigo moulinsiana (C) in each sampling event in the Ilanka and Pliszka sites in 2008.
Type 1 diabetes adolescent transition study
<p><b>Objectives:</b> Adolescents with type 1 diabetes experience dramatic excursions in blood sugars as they transition to adult care. Trials on single interventions have struggled to demonstrate lasting improvements in clinical outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-component intervention on glycemic control, clinic attendance, and diabetes distress amongst adolescents with type 1 diabetes transitioning to adult health services.</p> <p><b>Design:</b> Prospective controlled quasi-experimental study.</p> <p><b>Setting:</b> Adolescents with type 1 diabetes from an urban academic pediatric hospital (control group) and a community regional hospital (intervention group) were recruited and followed for 1 year after their last pediatric diabetes visit.</p> <p><b>Participants: </b>101 adolescents with type 1 diabetes transitioning to adult care, including 68 from the control group and 33 from the intervention group.</p> <p><b>Interventions:</b> The intervention group had access to (1) a diabetes nurse transition coordinator, (2) joint pediatric-adult diabetes clinic visits, and (3) pediatric and adult clinics being in the same building. Those in the control group were referred to an adult diabetes provider at their last pediatric diabetes visit without any formal transition program or additional supports.</p> <p><b>Primary and secondary outcome measures: </b>The primary outcome was longitudinal change in A1C. The secondary outcomes were number of A1C tests obtained, number of adult diabetes visits attended, time gap between pediatric and adult visits, and diabetes distress.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> There was a difference in A1C trajectory between the control and intervention groups (base model p=0.004, adjusted model p=0.003). A1C continued to rise in the control group after the transition to adult care, whereas A1C decreased in the intervention group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes between the two groups.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> A multi-component intervention can mitigate the glycemic excursions experienced by adolescents with type 1 diabetes transitioning to adult care.</p>
Data from: Childhood adiposity and type 1 diabetes: a Mendelian randomization study
BACKGROUND: The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing globally. One hypothesis is that increasing childhood obesity rates may explain part of this increase, but, as T1D is rare, intervention studies are challenging to perform. The aim of this study was to assess this hypothesis with a Mendelian randomization approach that uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to test for causal associations. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We created a genetic instrument of 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with childhood adiposity in children aged 2-10 years. Summary-level association results for these 23 SNPs with childhood-onset (<17 years) T1D were extracted from a meta-analysis of genome-wide association study with 5,913 T1D cases and 8,828 reference samples. Using inverse-variance weighted Mendelian randomization analysis, we found support for an effect of childhood adiposity on T1D risk (odds ratio 1.32, 95% CI 1.06-1.64 per standard deviation score in body mass index [SDS-BMI]). A sensitivity analysis provided evidence of horizontal pleiotropy bias (p = 0.04) diluting the estimates towards the null. We therefore applied Egger regression and multivariable Mendelian randomization methods to control for this type of bias and found evidence in support of a role of childhood adiposity in T1D (odds ratio in Egger regression, 2.76, 95% CI 1.40-5.44). Limitations of our study include that underlying genes and their mechanisms for most of the genetic variants included in the score are not known. Mendelian randomization requires large sample sizes, and power was limited to provide precise estimates. This research has been conducted using data from the Early Growth Genetics (EGG) Consortium, the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium, the Tobacco and Genetics (TAG) Consortium, and the Social Science Genetic Association Consortium (SSGAC), as well as meta-analysis results from a T1D genome-wide association study. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides genetic support for a link between childhood adiposity and T1D risk. Together with evidence from observational studies, our findings further emphasize the importance of measures to reduce the global epidemic of childhood obesity and encourage mechanistic studies.
Data from: A family-based study into penetrance in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy type 1
Objective: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in a national facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) expertise center to estimate the penetrance of FSHD1 and to evaluate phenotype–genotype correlations. Methods: Ten FSHD1 probands carrying 4–9 D4Z4 unit alleles and 140 relatives were examined. All 150 participants were genetically characterized, including D4Z4 methylation levels in the mutation carriers. Mutation carriers were classified as (1) symptomatic: with symptoms of muscle weakness on history and muscle FSHD signs on examination; (2) asymptomatic: without symptoms of muscle weakness but with muscle FSHD signs on examination; and (3) nonpenetrant: without symptoms of muscle weakness on history and without muscle FSHD signs on examination. We assessed the relationship between age-corrected clinical severity score and repeat size, sex, and D4Z4 methylation levels. Results: The maximum likelihood estimates of symptomatic and those of symptomatic plus asymptomatic FSHD showed that penetrance depends on repeat size and increases until late adulthood. We observed many asymptomatic carriers with subtle facial weakness with or without mild shoulder girdle weakness (25% [17/69]). Nonpenetrance was observed less frequently than in recent population studies (17% [12/69]), and most asymptomatic patients reported some shoulder pain. D4Z4 methylation tended to be lower in moderately to severely affected mutation carriers with 7 or 9 repeats. Discussion: This family-based study detected a lower overall nonpenetrance than previously observed, probably due to many asymptomatic mutation carriers identified by careful examination of facial and shoulder muscles. The recognition of asymptomatic mutation carriers is essential for selection of participants for future trials, and the likelihood estimates are helpful in counseling.
Data from: Global assessment of the impact of type 2 diabetes on sleep through specific questionnaires. A case-control study
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an independent risk factor for sleep breathing disorders. However, it is unknown whether T2D affects daily somnolence and quality of sleep independently of the impairment of polysomnographic parameters. Material and Methods: A case-control study including 413 patients with T2D and 413 non-diabetic subjects, matched by age, gender, BMI, and waist and neck circumferences. A polysomnography was performed and daytime sleepiness was evaluated using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). In addition, 135 subjects with T2D and 45 controls matched by the same previous parameters were also evaluated through the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to calculate sleep quality. Results: Daytime sleepiness was higher in T2D than in control subjects (p=0.003), with 23.9% of subjects presenting an excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS>10). Patients with fasting plasma glucose (FPG ?13.1 mmol/l) were identified as the group with a higher risk associated with an ESS>10 (OR 3.9, 95% CI 1.8-7.9, p=0.0003). A stepwise regression analyses showed that the presence of T2D, baseline glucose levels and gender but not polysomnographic parameters (i.e apnea-hyoapnea index or sleeping time spent with oxigen saturation lower than 90%) independently predicted the ESS score. In addition, subjects with T2D showed higher sleep disturbances [PSQI: 7.0 (1.0-18.0) vs. 4 (0.0-12.0), p<0.001]. Conclusion: The presence of T2D and high levels of FPG are independent risk factors for daytime sleepiness and adversely affect sleep quality. Prospective studies addressed to demonstrate whether glycemia optimization could improve the sleep quality in T2D patients seem warranted.
Data from: Inconsistent use of multiple comparison corrections in studies of population genetic structure: are some type I errors more tolerable than others?
Studies of genetic population structure often involve numerous tests of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), linkage disequilibrium (LD), and genetic differentiation. Tests of HWE or LD are important precursors to population structure assessments. When conducting multiple related statistical tests, type 1 error increases, e.g., familywise error rate (FWER) inflation. FWER inflation can alter the results of statistical tests and thus the conclusions. Authors are aware of the need to control for FWER inflation, but there has been low consistency of use. Furthermore, there is a potential for the choice of correction methods to be exploited to selectively use FWER corrections to avoid data exclusion or to result in increased the rejection of null hypotheses. We surveyed literature from 2011-2013 to determine if studies of population structure assess LD and HWE and if FWER corrections were applied consistently across different types of genetic differentiation, linkage disequilibrium, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium tests. We found a lack of documentation of FWER corrections in studies, and we advocate for authors to be more cognizant in reporting their corrections. We also found significantly inconsistent FWER corrections, with a bias towards less restrictive correction on genetic differentiation and more restrictive corrections with LD and HWE. While varied adjustments of FWER for different types of analyses might be justified, papers with inconsistent usage across tests of HWE, LD and genetic differentiation did not present rationale for their FWER corrections. We also found a lack of documentation of HWE, LD and FWER corrections in studies. We encourage authors to report statistical tests and related FWER corrections, use FWER corrections consistently or justify their different methods in the same study.
TRANSLATION STUDIES AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN TECHNOLOGICAL ERA. ASPECTS, TYPES AND METHODS OF TRANSLATION
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Figures 1, 2 in An electron microscope study and re-description of the type specimens of Synedra subula and its transfer to Ctenophora (Bacillariophyta)
Figures 1, 2.
Impacts of Strain-insensitive Soft Phonon Modes on the Lattice Thermal Transport: A Comparative Study of A2XB6-type Perovskites
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Knee Proprioception, Muscle Strength, and Stability in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Unveiling the Moderating Effects of Physical Activity – A cross-sectional study.
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Basket-type G-Quadruplex with Two Tetrads in the Presence of TMAO and Urea: A Molecular Dynamics Study
<p>Molecular Dynamics simulation trajectories of basket-type DNA G-quadruplex (PDB: 2KF7). The structures have been simulated in the temperatures 300 K and 360 K in pure water, 1 M TMAO solution, 2 M urea solution and the mixture of 1 M TMAO and 2 M urea.</p> <p> </p>
Factors Associated with Glycemic Control among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A cross-sectional study
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Fetal/maternal-determined birth weight and adulthood type 2 diabetes and its subtypes: a Mendelian randomization study
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Figure 6 from: Hosen MI, Zhong X-J, Gates G, Orihara T, Li T-H (2019) Type studies of Rossbeevera bispora, and a new species of Rossbeevera from south China. MycoKeys 51: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.51.32775
Figure 6 SEM of basidiospores of Rossbeevera species. a, bRossbeeverabispora (aGDGM 45612 bGDGM 45639) c, dRossbeeveragriseobrunnea (cGDGM 45266 dGDGM 45913, holotype).
Figure 3 from: Hosen MI, Zhong X-J, Gates G, Orihara T, Li T-H (2019) Type studies of Rossbeevera bispora, and a new species of Rossbeevera from south China. MycoKeys 51: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.51.32775
Figure 3 Basidiomata of Rossbeeverabispora (new collections). a Dull white to grayish brown pileus with blue tinges in some portion (GDGM 45612) b Bluing hymenophore (after injured) and pileus surface (GDGM 46631) c Bluing pileus with reduced stipe (GDGM 46638) d Bluing hymenophore (after injured) and pileus surface (GDGM 46638).
Figure 2 from: Hosen MI, Zhong X-J, Gates G, Orihara T, Li T-H (2019) Type studies of Rossbeevera bispora, and a new species of Rossbeevera from south China. MycoKeys 51: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.51.32775
Figure 2 Type specimen of Rossbeeverabispora (as Chamonixiabispora, GDGM 5688, holotype) a dried basidiomata of Rossbeeverabisporab basidiospores.
Figure 1 from: Hosen MI, Zhong X-J, Gates G, Orihara T, Li T-H (2019) Type studies of Rossbeevera bispora, and a new species of Rossbeevera from south China. MycoKeys 51: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.51.32775
Figure 1 Phylogenetic relationships of Rossbeevera and its allied genera inferred from multi-locus (ITS+nrLSU+tef1-α+rpb2) analyses. Rossbeeverabispora and R.griseobrunnea are highlighted in bold on the tree. RAxML bootstrap (BS) support values (MLBS>50%) are indicated on the branches at nodes. Voucher number/collection number are provided after each species followed by country name.
Figure 4 from: Hosen MI, Zhong X-J, Gates G, Orihara T, Li T-H (2019) Type studies of Rossbeevera bispora, and a new species of Rossbeevera from south China. MycoKeys 51: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.51.32775
Figure 4 Basidiomata of Rossbeeveragriseobrunnea. a Unchanged pileus surface with reduced stipe (GDGM 45266) b Unchanged pileus surface and pale blue (in some patches) hymenophore when injured (GDGM 45266) c Pale bluing hymenophore (after injured) with reduced stipe (GDGM 45913, holotype) d Dark brownish hymenophore after exposed to air (GDGM 45913, holotype).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.