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23,351 results for “Comparative”
Fig. 3 in Comparative study of the larval development of four anuran species from the Khorat Plateau, Thailand
Fig. 3. Growth pattern of Duttaphrynus melanostictus tadpoles. A, change of SVL as a function of development (stages); B, change of total length as a function of development (stages); C, change of relative tail length (ratio tail length/SVL) as a function of development (stages).
Fig. 9 in Comparative study of the larval development of four anuran species from the Khorat Plateau, Thailand
Fig. 9. Growth pattern of Kaloula pulchra tadpoles. A, change of SVL as a function of development (stages); B, change of total length as a function of development (stages); C, change of relative tail length (ratio tail length/SVL) as a function of development (stages).
Fig. 4 in Comparative study of the larval development of four anuran species from the Khorat Plateau, Thailand
Fig. 4. Tadpoles of Duttaphrynus melanostictus during ontogenetic development: Stages 1 to 18. Scale bars = 1 mm unless otherwise stated.
Dataset for 'Comparing Adjoint Waveform Tomography Models of California Using Different Starting Models'
<p>This dataset includes the three final models for 'Comparing Adjoint Waveform Tomography Models of California Using Different Starting Models.' Each model is an adjoint waveform tomography model of California and Nevada; the models begin from three separate starting models:</p> <ul> <li>CANV_CS begins with CSEM_NA (Krischer et al., 2018; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JB015289">https://doi.org/10.1029/2017JB015289</a>)</li> <li>CANV_SP begins with SPiRaL (Simmons et al., 2021; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab277">https://doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggab277</a>)</li> <li>CANV_WUS begins with WUS256 (Rodgers et al., 2022; <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024549">https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JB024549</a>)</li> </ul> <p>The models are provided in both NetCDF format and HDF5 format. Figure generation codes and EventXML files for both the inversion and validation event sets can be found <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7839070">here</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>This effort was support by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory’s Laboratory Directed Research and Development project 20-ERD-008. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.</em></p>
Potential impact of assimilating visible and infrared satellite observations compared to radar reflectivity for convective‐scale NWP
<p>Contains</p> <ul> <li>raw_data <ul> <li>nature run initial conditions for the cases "random" and "warm-bubble"</li> <li>ensemble initial condition sounding profiles</li> </ul> </li> <li>evaluation_metrics <ul> <li>csv files of FSS, RMSE, MAE, ensemble spread, mean difference<br> to reproduce figures of FSS, RMSE and spread in the paper and more.<br> See the README.txt</li> </ul> </li> <li>figures <ul> <li>Map_VIS06 ... Simulated satellite images of visible reflectance for ensemble members and truth</li> <li>Map_VIS06_probability ... Map of ensemble probability for visible reflectance > 0.6 and the nature in red contours</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p> </p>
Color as an interspecific badge of status: a comparative test
<p>Animals as diverse as cephalopods, insects, fish, and mammals signal their social dominance to conspecifics to avoid costly fights. Even though between-species fights may be equally costly, the extent to which dominance signals are used between species is unknown. Here, we test the hypothesis that differences in color are associated with dominance between closely related species that aggressively interact over resources, examining between-species variation in colors that are used in within-species badges of status (black, white, and carotenoid coloration) in a comparative analysis of diverse species of birds. We found that dominant species have more black, on average, than subordinate species, particularly in regions important for aggressive signaling (face, throat, and bill). In addition, dominant species were more likely to have more black in comparisons in which the dominant species was not larger than the subordinate species, suggesting a greater importance of black as a signal when other signals of dominance (size) are missing. Carotenoid colors (i.e., red, pink, yellow, and orange) were not generally associated with dominance across all species but may signal dominance in some taxonomic groups. White appeared to have opposing functions in dominance signaling: white was associated with dominance in species in which black was also associated with dominance, but was associated with subordinance in species in which carotenoid-based dominance signals may be used. Overall, these results provide new evidence that colors may function broadly as signals of dominance among competing species. Such signals could help to mediate aggressive interactions among species, thereby reducing some costs of co-occurrence and facilitating coexistence in nature.</p>
Data from: Comparing winter versus summer deepwater dissolved oxygen depletion with the potential for cross-seasonal forecasting of deepwater oxygen availability
<p>Depletion of deepwater dissolved oxygen (DO) in lakes has become increasingly prevalent and severe due to many external stressors, potentially threatening human-derived ecosystem services ranging from drinking water quality to fisheries. Using year-round, high-frequency DO data from 12 dimictic lakes, we compared three measures of deepwater DO depletion during winter and summer: DO depletion rate, DO minimum, and hypoxia duration. Hypoxia (DO < 3 mg L<sup>-1</sup>) occurred in over half of the lakes and persisted an average of 83% longer in summer than in winter. While we found no difference in DO depletion rates between winter versus summer, these rates were strongly related to lake morphology in winter but water transparency and temperature in summer. Winter hypoxia duration was negatively related to summer hypoxia duration, suggesting potential utility for forecasting DO depletion in the subsequent summer. Spring mixing efficacy was strongly related to winter minimum DO saturation and hypoxia duration, and was also a strong predictor of summer minimum DO saturation and hypoxia duration. Hence, these cross-seasonal patterns suggest deepwater DO metrics can be used to forecast DO availability in subsequent seasons, modified by the relative importance of morphology, water transparency, and temperature. These findings can allow for improved, early management when DO is predicted to be critically low based on previous seasons’ DO measurements, which can work to minimize the negative consequences for water quality and fisheries health associated with severe DO depletion.</p>
Deformation simulation results of Capriccio method coupled systems for conducting comparative one- and multidimensional studies on the coupling of the finite element method with particle-based techniques
<p>readme_3Dresults.txt</p> <p><br> <strong>Description</strong>:</p> <p>This readme explains the content and path structure of the results obtained from a<br> deformation test conducted on slightly different MD-FE coupled systems performing the<br> Capriccio method in a three-dimensional space within the associated project thesis [1],<br> published on the following dataset: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7924367">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7924367</a></p> <p>Furthermore, input files and parameters as well as potential tables required to reproduce<br> the obtained data are provided as well.</p> <p>The molecular dynamics (MD) part is executed in LAMMPS and the finite element (FE) method<br> part by a MATLAB script as described in Section 4.1 of [1]. The whole setup of the 3D<br> models is elaborated in Section 4.2 of [1]. A discussion of some results is given in<br> Chapter 6 of [1] in the context of assessing their comparability with the corresponding 1D<br> model.</p> <p><br> <strong>Context</strong>:</p> <p>[1] L. Laubert, "Establishing a framework for conducting comparative one- and<br> multidimensional studies on the coupling of the finite element method with<br> particle-based techniques", Project Thesis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität<br> Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2023.</p> <p><br> <strong>Contact</strong>:</p> <p>Lukas Laubert<br> Institute of Applied Mechanics<br> Friedrich-Alexander-Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg<br> Egerlandstraße 5<br> 91058 Erlangen</p> <p><br> <strong>License</strong>:</p> <p>Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial 4.0 International</p> <p><br> <strong>Path structure and files</strong>:</p> <p>- The ZIP compressed files each contain a folder containing all simulation files as well as<br> postprocessing variables:<br> * /FE_data/ contains all output files after each FE simulation in each iteration step<br> * /MD_data/ contains all output files after each MD simulation in each iteration step<br> * /input_files/ contains the input FE model "cgps_dpd_c_1_2000.inp", the MD particle<br> configurations "cgps_dpd_c_1_2000.data", the AP particle coordinates <br> "cgps_dpd_c_1_2000.ac" as well as further Abaqus CAE FE files that<br> can be used to adapt the present FE model<br> * /input_parameters/ contains the parameter dataset; "Capriccio.prm" is the main parameter<br> dataset, whose adaptations lead to similar adjustments in the other parameter files<br> * "Capriccio_FEMD_main_meggie_WZ.sh" is a shell script for executing simulations<br> * "job.out" is an output protocol that documents the progress of the simulations<br> * "Job.err" is an error protocol that documents detected errors during the simulations<br> * "log.lammps" logs MD parameter sets<br> * "meta.info" provides version information of used softwares among few other information<br> * "next_job.info" documents the next load step and iteration step that is to be executed<br> when simulation jobs are restarted on the used computation cluser<br> * **_workspace_vars.mat comprises a set of postprocessing variables obtained by executing a<br> postprocessing script provided by Capriccio group</p> <p>- "md_dpd_main-CBpot-writeobs-sandw.in" is an input script that further defines and loads<br> MD simulation parameter</p> <p>- ***_table are potential tables applied during the MD simulations<br> * "Angle_table" lists the angle bending potential<br> * "Bond_table" lists the bond potentials<br> * "Nonbond_table" lists the non-bonded interaction potential</p>
[Dataset] Pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion through chicken faeces, and the diagnostic accuracy of copro-antigen measurements as compared with McMaster egg counts and plasma and egg yolk antibody measurements in laying hens
<p>Comprehensive data examining the pattern and repeatability of ascarid-specific antigen excretion in chicken faeces and the diagnostic accuracy of copro-antigen measurements compared to McMaster egg counts and antibody measurements in laying hens.</p> <p>The dataset consists of observations and measurements obtained from a controlled study involving laying hens infected with mixed <em>Ascaridia galli</em> and<em> Heterakis gallinarum</em>. A total of 179 individual hens were monitored between wpi 2 and 18 and their fecal samples/blood samples were collected at specific time points. Faecel samples were repeatedly collected four(4) consecutive times in one wpi.Hence antigen measurements is 4 X 179 = 716 measurements</p>
Comparative Analysis of Droplet- vs. Microwell-based Whole Transcriptome Single-Cell Sequencing Technologies in Complex Human Tissues
<p>In the past decade, high-dimensional single-cell omics tools have enabled scientists to study the tumor microenvironment (TME) in unprecedented detail. However, recent investigations suggest that each technique has its unique strengths but also technology-inherent limitations. Here we directly compared two commercially available high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technologies - droplet-based 10X Chromium <em>vs.</em> microwell-based BD Rhapsody - using paired samples from patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing a radical prostatectomy.</p> <p>Although high technical consistency was observed in unraveling the whole transcriptome, the relative abundance of detectable cell populations differed. This could in part be ascribed to differences in the performance to recover cells with low-mRNA content. Hence, immune cells such as neutrophils are underrepresented in data generated with the widely used droplet-based scRNA-seq protocol, highlighting the importance of considering platform limitations in low mRNA content cell recovery. In contrast, droplet-based scRNA-seq demonstrated superiority in terms of recovering cells of epithelial origin. Moreover, we discovered platform-dependent variabilities in mRNA quantification and cell-type marker annotation, affecting the composition of identified tissue profiles and the exploratory value of the generated datasets. Overall, our study emphasizes the importance of carefully selecting the appropriate scRNA-seq platform to improve cell type representation and obtain a more comprehensive and accurate understanding of the TME.</p>
Raw Data for Unpublished Study "Healthy Women Show More Experimentally-Induced Central Sensitization Compared to Men"
<p>Version sex_v01_20230409</p> <p>Main authors: Alexandros Guekos, Janis Saxer, Diego Salinas Gallegos, and Petra Schweinhardt</p> <p>The present data was collected from April 2021 to December 2022 for a study on sex-specific differences in central sensitization (CS) proxies in healthy young adults.</p> <p>The results are to be published soon. A link to the manuscript will be provided.</p> <p>Full details of the paradigm, the experimental setup, and the analysis will be given there. Therefore, the following description only summarizes the most important steps.</p> <p>In brief, 66 subjects (33 men and 33 women) participated in a single experimental session during which a CS induction protocol consisting of repetitive noxious heat stimuli over about 12 minutes of 10 blocks at 48 degrees centigrade was applied to the lateral dorsum of the foot proximal to the malleolus. A sham protocol (where temperature remained at baseline for the whole time) was performed on the contralateral foot. Order of protocol and choice of starting side was pseudorandomly varied across participants. Participants had to rate mean temperature intensity per block on a scale from 0 (no sensation) to 200 (maximum tolerable pain) with 100 corresponding to the individual heat pain threshold (HPT).</p> <p>The CS induction protocol has previously been published (Jürgens, Tim P., et al. "An improved model of heat-induced hyperalgesia?repetitive phasic heat pain causing primary hyperalgesia to heat and secondary hyperalgesia to pinprick and light touch." PLoS One 9.6 (2014): e99507, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0099507) and validated (Scheuren, Paulina S., et al. "Pain?autonomic interaction: A surrogate marker of central sensitization." European journal of pain 24.10 (2020): 2015-2026, https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1645). Details on this CS induction protocol can be found in the two aforementioned publications.</p> <p>In the present paradigm, two measures of CS proxies were collected before and about 20 minutes after CS induction.</p> <p>On the one hand, mechanical sensitivity testing (by von 256 mN Frey filament and by soft brush of about 300 mN) was performed on the foot dorsum along five radial lines of 5 cm length (separated at 45 degrees) in the skin area adjacent to the primary area of painful stimulation. For the von Frey filament, testing was done every 5 mm along each line, always starting from the outermost point moving inwards (10 points in total). For the soft brush, strokes of 10mm were applied (5 strokes in total). Participants had to report a definite change in sensation w.r.t. to the outermost point.</p> <p>On the other hand, the nociceptive withdrawal (NWR) reflex was elicited at the retromalleolar pathway of the sural nerve and surface electromyography (sEMG) was recorded from the biceps femoris (BF), rectus femoris (RF), and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles.</p> <p>For NWR elicitation, the reflex threshold was first determined at the BF. For threshold determination, a single ascending staircase with either single electrical stimulations or triplets (at 2Hz) were used. From the triplets, only the muscle response to the third stimulation was analysed. The higher of the two obtained currents was then used as the NWR threshold.</p> <p>Then 15 stimulations at 120% threshold current and 15 at 140% were applied. The order of stimulations was random with the restriction that not more than five identical stimulations in a row were allowed. The interstimulus interval was randomly varied between 5 and 15 s.</p> <p>Every electrical stimulation consisted of a train of five rectangular stimuli of 1 ms duration delivered at 200 Hz. Muscle responses were recorded from 120 pre- to 380 ms post-stimulation. The recorded sEMG signals were sampled at 48 kHz and downsampled to 6 kHz, rectified, band-pass filtered from 10 Hz to 500 Hz and amplified up to 125 times. Between 120 ms pre- and 380 ms post-stimulation, traces for all applied stimulations were automatically saved into separate txt files.</p> <p>Please consult the README.txt file for details on the structure of the uploaded data and for information w.r.t. potential instances of incompleteness or unusability.</p> <p>The study was funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation as part of a grant to PS (grant number 320030_179191/1).</p> <p>The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT05031286).</p>
Replication code and data for "Comparing measured dietary variation within and between tropical hunter-gatherer groups to the Paleo Diet".
<p>Replication code and data for the publication "Comparing measured dietary variation within and between tropical hunter-gatherer groups to the Paleo Diet" appearing in the American Journal of Clinical Nutritian. Files include:</p> <p>1) R replication code (5 files that should be run sequentially in numerical order).</p> <p>2) "raw_diet_data.csv": 1 file that is ingested by the R code and used for the main analyses.</p> <p>3) "lipid_classes.csv" and "nutriants_by_source_raw.csv": 2 files that are ingested by the R code and used for the supplementary analyses.</p> <p>4) "wc2.1_30s_bio_1.tif": 1 file of GeoTiff data on annual mean temperature from the WorldClim v. 2.1 dataset (http://www.worldclim.com/version2) that is ingested by the R code.</p> <p>5) "table_1.csv": a cleaned version of the data used in analyses that is output by the R code.</p> <p>6) "table_hg_diet_data.csv" and "table_seasonal_diet_data.csv": 2 files containing seasonal and HG diet data that were not used in analyses, which are output by the R code.</p>
Fig. 7 in Comparative analysis of the population structure of Crematogaster subdentata and Lasius neglectus in the primary and secondary ranges (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 7 – Comparison of the sizes of foraging areas of polycalic colonies and supercolonies of Crematogaster subdentata and Lasius neglectus in the primary and secondary ranges: a, Crimea, b, – Rostov-on-Don, c, Tashkent.
Fig. 6 in Comparative analysis of the population structure of Crematogaster subdentata and Lasius neglectus in the primary and secondary ranges (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 6 – Average values of the average size of the foraging areas of Crematogaster subdentata (a) and Lasius neglectus (b) in the primary and secondary ranges. C – Crimea, T – Tashkent, R – Rostov-on-Don.
Fig. 5 in Comparative analysis of the population structure of Crematogaster subdentata and Lasius neglectus in the primary and secondary ranges (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 5 – Relation of tree and shrub species visited by Crematogaster subdentata (a, Crimea, b, Rostov-on-Don, c, Tashkent) and Lasius neglectus (d, – Crimea, e, – Rostov-on-Don, f, – Tashkent). Trees: Ac – Acer sp., Ah – Aesculus hippocastanum, Aj – Albizia julibrissin, Al – Ailanthus altissima, An – Acer negundo, Cl – Cedrus libani, Co – Cydonia oblonga, Cs – Cupressus sempervirens, Ea – Elaeagnus angustifolia, Fe – Fraxinus excelsior, Fr – Fraxinus sp., Gl – Gleditsia triacanta, Jr – Juglans regia, M – Morus sp., Md – Malus domestica, Mn – Morus nigra, Pa – Prunus americana, Pb - Pinus brutia, Pc – Prunus cerasus, Pd – Prunus domestica, Pi – Pinus pallasiana, Pp – Populus niger, Po – Populus alba, Pr – Prunus cerasifera, Ps – Prunus spinosa, Py - Populus pyramidalis, Ra – Robinia pseudoacacia, Sa – Salix sp., Sj – Styphnolobium japonicum, Tl – Tilia sp., Ul – Ulmus sp., Us – Ulmus laevis.
Fig. 1 in Comparative analysis of the population structure of Crematogaster subdentata and Lasius neglectus in the primary and secondary ranges (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 1 – Distribution of Crematogaster subdentata and Lasius neglectus in Tashkent C. subdentata, polycalic colonies, C. subdentata, monocalic colonies, L. neglectus,> 20 nests per 100 m, L. neglectus, 10-20 nests per 100 m, L. neglectus, <10 nests per 100 m.
Fig. 2 in Comparative analysis of the population structure of Crematogaster subdentata and Lasius neglectus in the primary and secondary ranges (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 2 – Scheme of the foraging areas of Lasius neglectus in Rostov-on-Don species; trees: Pc – Prunus cerasus, Ps – Prunus spinosa, Ul – Ulmus sp.
Fig. 4 in Comparative analysis of the population structure of Crematogaster subdentata and Lasius neglectus in the primary and secondary ranges (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Fig. 4 – Scheme of the foraging areas of Crematogaster subdentata in Crimea (A) and Tashkent (B) large accessible nests of C. subdentata in buildings and outside; inaccessible nests of C. subdentata in buildings; trees: Co – Cydonia oblonga, Jr – Juglans regia, M – Morus sp., Md – Malus domestica, Mn – Morus nigra, Pa – Prunus americana, Pd – Prunus domestica.
Between a rock and a hard place: Comparing rock-dwelling animal prevalence across abandoned paddy, orchards, and rock outcrops in a biodiversity hotspot
<p>Rock outcrops are geologically and ecologically unique ecosystems that harbour threatened and endemic biodiversity. These underappreciated, open ecosystems are undergoing rapid land-use changes, and the impacts of these changes on the threatened and endemic biodiversity are poorly understood, compared to the forested ecosystems. The unprotected, low-elevation lateritic plateaus of the northern Western Ghats of India are a case in point; they have high levels of endemism but are experiencing agricultural land-use change to orchards on the one hand and abandonment of traditional paddy cultivation on the other. We compared 1) the availability of loose rocks, a critical microhabitat for saxicolous animals, 2) the prevalence of an endemic caecilian (<em>Gegeneophis seschachari),</em> an endemic gecko (<em>Hemidactylus albofasciatus),</em> and a widespread snake (<em>Echis carinatus),</em> and 3) the composition and abundance of other rock-dwelling animals across 12 less-disturbed natural rock outcrop sites and 10 sites each in agroforestry plantations and abandoned paddies using time-constrained searches. By surveying 7179 surface rocks, we encountered 5738 individuals from 38 animal taxa. We found that the abundance of large rocks, which were the most-preferred size class of rocks by animals, was higher in abandoned paddy compared to plateaus and orchards. However, the prevalence of the reptiles <em>H. albofasciatus</em> and <em>E. carinatus</em> was highest on undisturbed plateaus. Contrastingly, the prevalence of <em>G. seshachari,</em> a caecilian, was significantly higher under rocks in abandoned paddy than in less-disturbed plateaus or orchards. We also found significant differences between the rock-dwelling faunal assemblages across the three agricultural land-use types. Despite being adapted to persist in extremely variable climates on lateritic plateaus, multiple species/groups are vulnerable to land-use changes. However, <em>G. seshachari</em> and a few other taxa appear to benefit from certain kinds of agricultural land-use change, highlighting the context-specificity in species responses. This is one of the first studies to determine the impacts of the agricultural conversion of rock outcrops, thereby highlighting the conservation value of habitats that are often classified as wastelands.</p>
Comparing travel behavior and opportunities to increase transportation sustainability in small cities, towns, and rural communities
<p>The vast majority of travel behavior and sustainable transportation research has focused on urban areas. A rural perspective is lacking. In this study, we aim to dive deeper into understanding how people travel and their perceptions and opinions about various components of travel in a majority rural state. By speaking directly with Vermonters through in-person interviews, we obtain uniquely personal points of view and analyze them for commonalities and differences between urban, suburban, and rural Vermonters. We ask questions on day-to-day challenges of traveling, suggestions for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, responses to fuel prices, and opinions on electric vehicles. Some of our key findings include that rural areas struggle most with traveling long distances to reach services, urban areas are more concerned with traffic, and opinions on electric vehicle (EV) ownership are consistent across the state, with people being likely to consider owning an EV if costs were to decrease. Our interviews identify additional questions that should be evaluated further to help states develop practical and effective policies aimed at reducing GHG emissions in rural areas. We also recommend further in-depth survey research to provide a more complete picture of the potential to shift travel behavior, particularly in rural areas. This research adds to the body of knowledge in a historically understudied population, enabling the research community to better understand and work more closely with small and rural communities to address climate change and achieve deeper GHG emission reductions.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.