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Figure 3 from: Liu W, Golovatch S (2020) The first representatives of the millipede family Glomeridellidae (Diplopoda, Glomerida) recorded from China and Indochina. ZooKeys 954: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.54694
Figure 3 Tonkinomeris huzhengkuni sp. nov., ♀ paratype. A Gnathochilarium, ventral view, in situB, C left mandible, mesal and subfrontal views, respectively D coxae 2 with vulvae. Abbreviations: ca: cardines of gnathochilarium, et: external tooth, gu: gula, iA: intermediate area, ip: inner palpus, it: inner tooth, ll: lamellae linguales, lp: lateral palpus, m: mentum, md: basal joint of mandible, mf: membranous fringe, mg: molar groove, mp: molar plate, pl: pectinate lamellae, st: stipites, vu: vulvae.
Figure 2 from: Liu W, Golovatch S (2020) The first representatives of the millipede family Glomeridellidae (Diplopoda, Glomerida) recorded from China and Indochina. ZooKeys 954: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.54694
Figure 2 Tonkinomeris huzhengkuni sp. nov., ♂ holotype. A Right side of head B left leg 1 C right leg 2 with gonopore D posterior part of body, dorsal view E left leg 9. Abbreviations: cx: coxa, f: femur, go: gonopore, O: ommatidia, ta: tarsus, To: Tömösváry's organ, 8–11 refer to tergite numbers.
Figure 1 from: Liu W, Golovatch S (2020) The first representatives of the millipede family Glomeridellidae (Diplopoda, Glomerida) recorded from China and Indochina. ZooKeys 954: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.954.54694
Figure 1 Habitus of Tonkinomeris huzhengkuni sp. nov. A Live coloration of ♂ holotype B, C body of ♀ paratype, ventral and dorsal views, respectively D–F body of ♂ holotype, ventral, lateral and dorsal views, respectively.
Figure 6 from: Huemer P, Sohn J-C (2020) Eidophasia assmanni sp. nov., the first alpine representative of the genus, detected in the Russian Altai Mountains (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae). ZooKeys 959: 99-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.959.54259
Figure 6 Neighbor-Joining tree (Kimura 2 parameter, built with MEGA 6; cf. Tamura et al. 2013) of Eidophasia spp. and type species of selected Plutellidae genera. The width of the triangles represents the sample size, and the depth the genetic variation within the cluster. Source: DNA Barcode data from BOLD (Barcode of Life Database, cf. Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007).
Figure 4 from: Huemer P, Sohn J-C (2020) Eidophasia assmanni sp. nov., the first alpine representative of the genus, detected in the Russian Altai Mountains (Lepidoptera, Plutellidae). ZooKeys 959: 99-111. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.959.54259
Figure 4 Eidophasia vanella (Walsingham, 1881), male genitalia, Canada, gen. slide 20/1586 P. Huemer. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
Barthelonids represent a deep-branching metamonad clade with mitochondrion-related organelles predicted to generate no ATP
<p>We here report the phylogenetic position of barthelonids, small anaerobic flagellates previously examined using light microscopy alone. <em>Barthelona </em>spp. were isolated from geographically distinct regions and we established five laboratory strains. Transcriptomic data generated from one <em>Barthelona </em>strain (PAP020) were used for large-scale, multi-gene phylogenetic (phylogenomic) analyses. Our analyses robustly placed strain PAP020 at the base of the Fornicata clade, indicating that barthelonids represent a deep-branching Metamonad clade. Considering the anaerobic/microaerophilic nature of barthelonids and preliminary electron microscopy observations on strain PAP020, we suspected that barthelonids possess functionally and structurally reduced mitochondria (i.e. mitochondrion-related organelles or MROs). The metabolic pathways localized in the MRO of strain PAP020 were predicted based on its transcriptomic data and compared with those in the MROs of fornicates. We here propose that strain PAP020 is incapable of generating ATP in the MRO, as no mitochondrial/MRO enzymes involved in substratelevel phosphorylation were detected. Instead, we detected the putative cytosolic ATP-generating enzyme (acetyl-CoA synthetase), suggesting that strain PAP020 depends on ATP generated in the cytosol. We propose two separate losses of substrate-level phosphorylation from the MRO in the clade containing barthelonids and (other) fornicates.</p>
Fig. 1 in A new South African representative of the South West African genus Namibimydas Hesse (Diptera: Mydaidae), with some ecological notes on the habits of the species
Fig. 1. Namibimydas prinsi sp. nov. A. Side view of left antenna of ♀ allotype. B. Side view of proboscis of ♀ allotype. C. Posterior view of hypopygium of ♂ (vestiture partially omitted to show some structures more clearly). D. Right side view of the partially extruded hypopygium of a d'. (AE = the characteristically long, curved aedeagus lodged in the keel part of sternite 9; AL = anal lobes; Ap 2 appendage of concealed or semi-concealed segment 8; Ep I epimere; IX. S. = large boat- or shell-shaped sternite 9; IX.T. = lid-like tergite 9, immovably attached to sternite 9; Pr I processes of sternite 9; VII. T. = tergite 7 partially or entirely covering tergite 8.)
Data Set of Focus Groups with Industry Representatives on Smart Dust and Micro Robots
<p>Data Set of Focus Groups with Industry Representatives on Smart Dust and Micro Robots</p> <p>This data set comprises the following documents:</p> <ul> <li>Coding scheme</li> <li>Focus group guidelines</li> <li>Focus group 01-03</li> </ul>
Data from: Timing is everything: fishing‐season placement may represent the most important angling‐induced evolutionary pressure on Atlantic salmon populations
Fisheries‐induced evolution can change the trajectory of wild fish populations by selectively targeting certain phenotypes. For important fish species like Atlantic salmon, this could have large implications for their conservation and management. Most salmon rivers are managed by specifying an angling season of predetermined length based on population demography, which is typically established from catch statistics. Given the circularity of using catch statistics to estimate demographic parameters, it may be difficult to quantify the selective nature of angling and its evolutionary impact. In the River Etne in Norway, a recently installed trap permits daily sampling of fish entering the river, some of which are subsequently captured by anglers upstream. Here, we used 31 microsatellites to establish an individual DNA profile for salmon entering the trap, and for many of those subsequently captured by anglers. These data permitted us to investigate time of rod capture relative to river entry, potential body size‐selective harvest, and environmental variables associated with river entry. Larger, older fish entered the river earlier than smaller, younger fish of both sexes, and larger, older females were more abundant than males and vice versa. There was good agreement between the sizes of fish harvested by angling, and the size distribution of the population sampled on the trap. These results demonstrate that at least in this river, and with the current timing of the season, the angling catch reflects the population's demographics and there is no evidence of size‐selective harvest. We also demonstrated that the probability of being caught by angling declines quickly after river entry. Collectively, these data indicate that that the timing of the fishing season, in relation to the upstream migration patterns of the different demographics of the population, likely represents the most significant directional evolutionary force imposed by angling.
Data from: How well can body size represent effects of the environment on demographic rates? Disentangling correlated explanatory variables
Demographic rates are shaped by the interaction of past and current environments that individuals in a population experience. Past environments shape individual states via selection and plasticity, and fitness-related traits (e.g. individual size) are commonly used in demographic analyses to represent the effect of past environments on demographic rates. We quantified how well the size of individuals captures the effects of a population's past and current environments on demographic rates in a well-studied experimental system of soil mites. We decomposed these interrelated sources of variation with a novel method of multiple regression that is useful for understanding nonlinear relationships between responses and multicollinear explanatory variables. We graphically present the results using area-proportional Venn diagrams. Our novel method was developed by combining existing methods and expanding upon them. We showed that the strength of size as a proxy for the past environment varied widely among vital rates. For instance, in this organism with an income breeding life history, the environment had more effect on reproduction than individual size, but with substantial overlap indicating that size encompassed some of the effects of the past environment on fecundity. This demonstrates that the strength of size as a proxy for the past environment can vary widely among life-history processes within a species, and this variation should be taken into consideration in trait-based demographic or individual-based approaches that focus on phenotypic traits as state variables. Furthermore, the strength of a proxy will depend on what state variable(s) and what demographic rate is being examined; that is, different measures of body size (e.g. length, volume, mass, fat stores) will be better or worse proxies for various life-history processes.
Data from: The very low-frequency band of heart rate variability represents the slow recovery component after a mental stress task
The very low-frequency (VLF) band of heart rate variability (HRV) has different characteristics compared with other HRV components. Here we investigated differences in HRV changes after a mental stress task. After the task, the high-frequency (HF) band and ratio of high- to low-frequency bands (LF/HF) immediately returned to baseline. We evaluated the characteristics of VLF band changes after a mental stress task. We hypothesized that the VLF band decreases during the Stroop color word task and there would be a delayed recovery for 2 h after the task (i.e., the VLF change would exhibit a "slow recovery"). Nineteen healthy, young subjects were instructed to rest for 10 min, followed by a Stroop color word task for 20 min. After the task, the subjects were instructed to rest for 120 min. For all subjects, R-R interval data were collected; analysis was performed for VLF, HF, and LF/HF ratio. HRV during the rest time and each 15-min interval of the recovery time were compared. An analysis of the covariance was performed to adjust for the HF band and LF/HF ratio as confounding variables of the VLF component. HF and VLF bands significantly decreased and the LF/HF ratio significantly increased during the task compared with those during rest time. During recovery, the VLF band was significantly decreased compared with the rest time. After the task, the HF band and LF/HF ratio immediately returned to baseline and were not significantly different from the resting values. After adjusting for HF and LF/HF ratio, the VLF band had significantly decreased compared with that during rest. The VLF band is the "slow recovery" component and the HF band and LF/HF ratio are the "quick recovery" components of HRV. This VLF characteristic may clarify the unexplained association of the VLF band in cardiovascular disease prevention.
Data from: Characterizing the interaction between physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives in a middle-income country: a qualitative study
Background: Studies around the world have shown that interactions between pharmaceutical companies, pharmacists and physicians have a great influence on prescribing and drug dispensing practices. In middle-income countries, the nature and extent of these interactions have not been well researched. Our objectives were to qualitatively explore the nature of the interactions between pharmaceutical companies, physicians and pharmacists, their impact on drug prescription and dispensing practices in Lebanon. Methods and Findings: We used grounded theory approach as well as the known sponsor, purposive, and snowballing sampling strategies to identify interviewees from the three respective groups: physicians, pharmacists, and pharmaceutical representatives. We conducted semi-structured and analyzed transcripts thematically. 6 pharmaceutical representatives, 13 physicians and 13 pharmacists participated in the study. The following themes emerged: purpose and driver for the interactions, nature of the interactions, incentives, impact on prescription practices, ethical considerations, and suggestions for managing the interactions. The main purposes for the interaction were educational, promotional, and monitoring prescription practices and dispensing, while the main drivers for these interactions were market potential and neighborhood socio-economic status. Physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives who engage in these interactions benefit from a variety of incentives, some of which were characterized as unethical. It appears that pharmaceutical companies give prominence to selected physicians within their communities. Although members of the three interviewed groups refer to some of the interactions as being problematic, they described a culture of acceptance of gift giving. We developed a framework that depicts the prevailing politico-cultural environment, the interactions between the three professional groups, and their impact on drug prescription. Underreporting is the main limitation of this study. Conclusion: Interactions between physicians, pharmacists and pharmaceutical representatives are frequent. Although these interactions can be beneficial, they still have a substantial effect on drug prescription and dispensing practices. Hence, the need for new policies that regulate these interactions and penalize any misconduct.
Data from: Ploeotids represent much of the phylogenetic diversity of euglenids
Ploeotids are an assemblage of rigid phagotrophic euglenids that have 10–12 pellicular strips and glide on their posterior flagellum. Molecular phylogenies place them as a poorly resolved, likely paraphyletic assemblage outside the Spirocuta clade of flexible euglenids, which includes the well-known phototrophs and primary osmotrophs. Here, we report SSU rRNA gene sequences from 38 ploeotids, using both single-cell and culture-based methods. Several contain group I or non-canonical introns. Our phylogenetic analyses place ploeotids in 8 distinct clades: Olkasia n. gen, Hemiolia n. gen Liburna n. gen, Lentomonas, Decastava, Keelungia, Ploeotiidae, and Entosiphon. Ploeotia vitrea, the type of Ploeotia, is closely related to P. oblonga and Serpenomonas costata, but not to Lentomonas. Ploeotia cf. vitrea sensu Lax and Simpson 2013 is not related to P. vitrea and has a different pellicle strip architecture (as imaged by scanning electron microscopy): it instead represents a novel genus and species, Olkasia polycarbonata. We also describe new genera, Hemiolia and Liburna, for the morphospecies Anisonema trepidum and A. glaciale. A recent system proposing 13 suprafamilial taxa that include ploeotids is not supported by our phylogenies. The exact relationships between ploeotid groups remain unresolved and multigene phylogenetics or phylogenomics are needed to address this uncertainty.
FIGURE 3 in The oldest representative of the modern snipe fly genus Symphoromyia (Diptera: Rhagionidae)
FIGURE 3. Symphoromyia eocenica sp. nov., holotype MNHN.F.A57537. Wing.
FIGURE 17 in Baetis zdenkae sp. nov., a new representative of the Baetis buceratus species-group (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae) from Rhodos (Greece) with notes to species-grouping of the subgenus Baetis Leach, 1815 s. str.
FIGURE 17. Baetis zdenkae sp. nov., mature larva, general view of body (dorsal view).
FIGURE 1. Richardina ohtsukai n in Two new species of Richardina A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae), representing the first occurrences of the genus from the Pacific
FIGURE 1. Richardina ohtsukai n. sp., holotype female, (cl 5.0 mm), NSMT- Cr 20835.
FIGURE 5. Richardina ohtsukai n in Two new species of Richardina A. Milne-Edwards, 1881 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Stenopodidea: Stenopodidae), representing the first occurrences of the genus from the Pacific
FIGURE 5. Richardina ohtsukai n. sp., paratype male, (cl 4.9 mm), NSMT- Cr 20838.
FIGURE 4 in Description of a new orb-weaving spider species representing the first record of Novaranea in Australia (Araneae: Araneidae: Araneinae)
FIGURE 4. Distribution records of Novaranea courti n. sp. in Australia.
FIGURE 3 in Morphological characterization of some representative species of the genus Loxoblemmus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Gryllinae; Gryllini) from India
FIGURE 3. Variation in the male forewing of Loxoblemmus species h = harp region; m = mirror
FIGURE 1. A–E in Morphological characterization of some representative species of the genus Loxoblemmus (Orthoptera: Gryllidae; Gryllinae; Gryllini) from India
FIGURE 1. A–E, Shape of head (males); F & G, Facial shield
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.