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2,911 results for “dispersal”
Figure 3 in DNA-based species delimitation separates highly divergent populations within morphologically coherent clades of poorly dispersing beetles
Figure 3. Ultrametric tree for Lyponiini. Branches marked by solid lines originate from continental Asia; those by dashed lines from Taiwan, Okinawa, and Japan. The grey dots/squares designate putative species identified using the general mixed Yule-coalescent model and the barcoding threshold, respectively. Terminals without designation were recovered as independent species-level entities.
Figure 2 in DNA-based species delimitation separates highly divergent populations within morphologically coherent clades of poorly dispersing beetles
Figure 2. Phylogenetic hypothesis on Lyponiini inferred from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis. Numbers at the branches indicate maximum parsimony and ML bootstrap values, and Bayesian posterior probabilities (left to right).
Figure 7 in DNA-based species delimitation separates highly divergent populations within morphologically coherent clades of poorly dispersing beetles
Figure 7. The number of DNA diagnostic characters as a function of time since the split from the closest relative. The black-rimmed dots designate splits supported also by morphological characters, simple dots designate splits within morphologically defined clades.
Figure 1 in DNA-based species delimitation separates highly divergent populations within morphologically coherent clades of poorly dispersing beetles
Figure 1. Sampling sites of Lyponiini in (A) Continental East Asia, Taiwan and Okinawa and (B) Honshu and Shikoku.
Figure 6 in DNA-based species delimitation separates highly divergent populations within morphologically coherent clades of poorly dispersing beetles
Figure 6. Density plots of genetic distances of Lyponiini for (A) intra- and interspecific diversity of Lyponiini (B) intraspecific diversity for species as listed.
Figure 5 in DNA-based species delimitation separates highly divergent populations within morphologically coherent clades of poorly dispersing beetles
Figure 5. Relationships between Kimura-two-parameter genetic and geographical distances of Lyponiini. A–E, interspecific and intraspecific species pairs for five clades; F, intraspecific pairs of Ponyalis quadricollis. The parameters and P-values are listed in Table 1.
Figure 4. A in DNA-based species delimitation separates highly divergent populations within morphologically coherent clades of poorly dispersing beetles
Figure 4. A, intraspecific relationships between maximum genetic and geographical distances of Lyponiini for the Chinese species pairs (blue) and Japanese species pairs (red). B, intraspecific maximum genetic divergence and geographical distances in Lyponiini (red) and Agabini (blue). The data on Agabini diving beetles are from Bergsten et al. (2012).
Atomically dispersed hexavalent iridium oxide from MnO2 reduction for oxygen evolution catalysis
<p>Hexavalent iridium (Ir<sup>VI</sup>) oxide is predicted to be more active and stable than any other Ir oxide for the oxygen evolution reaction in acid; however, its experimental realization remains challenging. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and application of atomically dispersed Ir<sup>VI</sup> oxide (Ir<sup>VI</sup>-<em>ado</em>) for proton-exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolysis. The Ir<sup>VI</sup>-<em>ado</em> was synthesized by oxidatively substituting the ligands of K<sub>2</sub>IrCl<sub>6</sub> with manganese oxide. The mass-specific activity (1.7 × 10<sup>5</sup> A g<sub>Ir</sub><sup>-1</sup>) and turnover number (1.5 × 10<sup>8</sup>) exceeded those of benchmark Ir oxides, and <em>in-siu</em> X-ray analysis during PEM operations manifested the durability of Ir<sup>VI</sup> at current densities up to 2.3 A cm<sup>-2</sup>. The high activity and stability of Ir<sup>VI</sup>-<em>ado</em> showcase its promise as an anode material for PEM electrolysis.</p>
Data from: Pleistocene island connectivity did not enhance dispersal or impact population size change in Galápagos geckos
<p>Patterns of biodiversity on remote archipelagos are largely shaped by intra-archipelago colonization followed by in situ diversification. Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations purportedly enhanced gene flow among terrestrial organisms by increasing connectivity during periods of lower sea level. Furthermore, changes in sea-level are hypothesized to impact population sizes as a result of fluctuations in island sizes. Here, we used genomic data to test the role of Pleistocene island connectivity on the diversification and demographics of leaf-toed geckos (Phyllodactylus) endemic to the Galápagos. Consistent with previous studies, we found that present diversity of Galápagos Phyllodactylus stems from three independent dispersal events. Contrary to the hypothesis of Pleistocene-driven diversification, we found no correspondence between lineage divergence, island ages, and island connectivity. Furthermore, we found no evidence of introgression, demographic modeling indicated that all species increased rapidly in effective population size between 20–150 kya, and these inferred demographic expansions were largely asynchronous and apparently unassociated with species or island age. Collectively these results indicate that more complex abiotic and/or biotic factors may better explain the recent demographic history of Phyllodactylus and underscore the need for additional population genomic studies of terrestrial taxa to understand the impact of past climate cycles on Galápagos island communities.</p>
NetCDF data matrix with Lagrangian dispersal simulation output
<p>zipped NetCDF file (unzipped ~444GB)</p> <p>The NetCDF file contains a data matrix with the number of particles per bin (lon 0.015°, lat 0.01°) in the geographic area from -12°W - 10°E, and 47°N - 63°N.<br>Particle numbers are labelled according to the three simulated scenarios ("period" 0-2, 14-28, 0-28 days after release), by station ("station" as named in stations.csv)", by year ("year" 2019-2022), and by day when the simulation was started ("offset", 000-122 days counting from 01.05.-31.08.)</p> <p>data variable: <br>particle_number [111,007,858,176 values, float32]</p> <p>dimensions: <br>lon_bin [length 1468, float32]<br>lat_bin [length 1601, float32]<br>period [length 3, object '0-2','14-28','0-28']<br>station [length 32, object 'DK_044','FR_0206'....(all station names)]<br>year [length 4, object '2019'...'2022']<br>offset [length 123, object '000'...'122']</p>
Supplementary Materials for the manuscript "Inter-individual speed variation of bacteria dispersing on fungal highways"
<p>This repository includes all datasets used and created for the manuscript "Inter-individual speed variation of bacteria dispersal on fungal highways". </p> <p>----5 videos were used for producing the dispersal speed distribution of the RFP labelled Pseudomonas putida UWC1 cells:</p> <p>100x_rfp_2days***.gif</p> <p>----5 videos were used for producing the dispersal speed distribution of the GFP labelled Pseudomonas putida KT2440 cells:</p> <p>100x_gfp_2days***.gif</p> <p>----Data used for location tracking of the two videos shown in Figure 1:</p> <p>100x_rfp_2days028.nd2</p> <p>TrackMate capture of 100x_rfp_2days028.tif</p> <p>100x_gfp_2days005.nd2</p> <p>TrackMate capture of 100x_gfp_2days005.tif</p> <p>----5 Speed distribution raw data files for the RFP labelled cells:</p> <p>rfp_2days***_11fps_2_2movement.csv</p> <p>----5 Speed distribution raw data files for the GFP labelled cells:</p> <p>gfp_2days***_11fps_2_movement.csv</p> <p>----R script for calculating speed distribution of cells:</p> <p>speed calculation.R</p> <p>----Mathematica Notebook file for data visulization:</p> <p>HistCompare.nb</p> <p>----10 best fits of probability distribution functions and goodness-of-fit criteria analysis of the speed of RFP labelled cells:</p> <p>rfp-FitTable.csv</p> <p>----10 best fits of probability distribution functions and goodness-of-fit criteria analysis of the speed of GFP labelled cells:</p> <p>gfp-FitTable.csv</p>
TIFF file for the frame-wise tracking trajectories in Figure 1 of the manuscript "Assessing the speed of individual bacteria dispersing on mycelial networks"
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10 best fits for the dispersal speed distribution
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10 best fits of dispersal speed distribution for the split datasets
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Variation in species' dispersal capacities amplifies effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity loss
<p>Simulation data and model belonging to the manuscript '<span>Variation in species’ dispersal capacities amplifies effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on biodiversity loss</span>', by Monique de Jager and Edwin Pos. The folder 'Generated data' holds the generated simulation data. The folder 'Model' contains the 2-dimensional, semi-spatial, near-neutral, individual-based model. A description of the model can be found in the file 'README.md'. </p>
Figure 2 in Ruminants reveal Eocene Asiatic palaeobiogeographical provinces as the origin of diachronous mammalian Oligocene dispersals into Europe
Figure 2. Paleobiogeography of the Eurasiatic ruminants during the Eocene at the genus level. Te localities are from the synthesis of data2,17,18,22,49. Te palinspastic map is modified from Scotese52.
Figure 1 in Ruminants reveal Eocene Asiatic palaeobiogeographical provinces as the origin of diachronous mammalian Oligocene dispersals into Europe
Figure 1. Dentition of Krabimeryx gracilis nov. comb. (Miao, 1982)20 (A, B, G, H), Chiyoumeryx nov. gen. shinaoensis (Miao, 1982)20 (C, D), Chiyoumeryx nov. gen. flavimperatoris nov. sp. (E) and Iberomeryx miaoi nov. sp. (F–I). Krabimeryx gracilis nov. comb. (Miao, 1982)20: (A) IVPP V 6546-1 (holotype), partial skull with right and lef M1–M3; (B) IVPP V 6546-2 (holotype), right fragmented mandible with m2–m3. Chiyoumeryx nov. gen. shinaoensis (Miao, 1982)20: (C) IVPP V 6531 (holotype), right mandible with p2–m3 and tooth socket of p1; (D) IVPP V 6532 (paratype), right fragmented maxillary with P4-M3. Chiyoumeryx nov. gen. flavimperatoris nov. sp.: (E) IVPP V 6547 (holotype), right mandible with p4–m3; Iberomeryx miaoi nov. sp.: (F) IVPP V 6551 (holotype), lef mandible with m1–m3 (mirrored); (G) lower molar Lophiomerycidae dental nomenclature (based on the m3 of IVPP 6546-2): 1 internal postmetacristid, 2 metaconid, 3 external postmetacristid, 4 internal preentocristid, 5 entoconidian groove, 6 external preentocristid, 7 entoconid, 8 posthypoconulidcristid, 9 hypoconulid, 10 prehypoconuldicristid, 11 posthypocristid, 12 hypoconid, 13 prehypocristid, 14 ectostylid, 15 postprotocristid, 16 protoconid, 17 preprotocristid, 18 anterior cingulid; (H) upper molar Lophiomerycidae dental nomenclature (based on the M2 of IVPP 6546-1): 1 postmetacrista, 2 metacone, 3 premetacrista, 4 mesostyle, 5 postparacrista, 6 paracone, 7 paraconid labial groove, 8 preparacrista, 9 parastyle, 10 preprotocrista, 11 anterolingual cingulum, 12 protocone, 13 postprotocrista, 14 entostyle, 15 additional cone, 16 premetaconulecrista, 17 metaconule, 18 postmetaconulecrista; (I) lower molar Tragulidae dental nomenclature (based on the m2 of IVPP V 6551, reversed): 1 metaconid, 2 external postmetacristid, 3 Dorcatherium fold, 4 internal postmetacristid, 5 preentocristid, 6 entoconid, 7 postentocristid, 8 posterior cingulid, 9 posthypocristid, 10 hypoconid, 11 prehypocristid, 12 ectostylid, 13 external postprotocristid, 14 Tragulus fold, 15 internal postprotocristid, 16 protoconid, 17 preprotocristid, 18 paraconid, 19 preparacristid. (J) phylogenetic position and stratigraphie of the Shinao/ Yangjiachong/Xiaerhete ruminants (topology2). a stem Ruminantia, b Archaeomeryx, c Chiyoumeryx nov. gen. and Krabimeryx gracilis, d crown Ruminantia, e Iberomeryx miaoi nov. sp.; 1 lingual view, 2 occlusal view. Scale bare is 1 cm.
Data in support of: Species-specific interactions in an avian-bryophyte dispersal network
<p>Animal dispersal of plant propagules fundamentally alters the success of dispersal events, and thus shapes plant community composition through time. While this is well-documented in seed plants, spore-bearing plants have received little attention with regard to this phenomenon. Birds are particularly attractive as a potential bryophyte dispersal vector given their highly motile nature as well as their association with bryophytes when foraging and building nests. Despite this, species-specific dispersal relationships between birds and bryophytes have never been examined. We captured birds in Gifford Pinchot National Forest in the Pacific Northwest of the United States to sample their legs and tails for bryophyte spores. We found 24 bryophyte species across 34 species of bird. We examined the level of specialization 1) within the overall interaction network to assess community-level patterns and 2) at the plant species level to determine the effect of bird behavioral type on the plant-animal interaction. Our results suggest that associations within the network are more constrained (specialized) than expected by chance. Additionally, we found that avian foraging guild impacted the variety of bryophytes found on an individual bird. Foliage gleaners and ground foragers had particularly specialized associations within the overall disperser-bryophyte network. Our findings suggest that diffuse bird-bryophyte dispersal networks are likely to be common in habitats where birds readily encounter bryophytes and that further work aimed at understanding individual bird-bryophyte species relationships may prove valuable in determining nuance within this newly described dispersal mechanism.</p>
Determinants of nest box local recruitment and natal dispersal in a declining bird population
<p>Recruitment and dispersal are important demographic rates and studying their determinants is particularly important in the current context of global anthropogenic perturbations. In birds, and especially for migratory species, assessing these rates is challenging because of the difficulties involved in tracking individuals beyond fledging. Here we assessed the determinants of nest box local recruitment and natal dispersal distances in a declining aerial insectivore, the Tree swallow (<em>Tachycineta bicolor</em>). We used a 16-year dataset obtained from the long-term monitoring of a population breeding within a 10,200-km<sup>2</sup> study system located along a gradient of agricultural intensification in southern Québec, Canada. Yearly nest box local recruitment rates ranged there in between 1.0% and 3.2%. Heavier nestlings who fledged earlier were more likely to recruit. Natal dispersal distances were generally short (mean ± SD = 12.7 ± 13.8 km) in the study system and were influenced by different factors depending on sex. Females dispersed over shorter distances when conspecific occupancy on breeding site was high, while males dispersed farther in the presence of competing House sparrows (<em>Passer domesticus</em>) and when their mother was young. Selection of breeding locations appeared to take place at multiple scales and individuals recruited in sites with characteristics similar to their natal sites. Our results provide important information concerning the factors influencing nest box local recruitment and natal dispersal dynamics of this migratory species. These factors should be considered in conservation practices for this species in order to support production of recruits in habitats favorable to their survival.</p>
Electrical spectroscopy of the spin-wave dispersion and bistability in gallium-doped yttrium iron garnet
<p>Dataset accompanying "Electrical spectroscopy of the spin-wave dispersion and bistability in gallium-doped yttrium iron garnet".</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.