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Subspecies and Distribution. 1. p. pileatus Blyth, 1843 — NE India highlands S and E of the Brahmaputra River, in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, and Nagaland (Karbi Anglong Plateau, Barail Range, and Khasi, Garo, Naga, and Jaintia Hills), and in NW Myanmar (W of the Chindwin River, S to Chin Hills Mts and Mt Victoria); the elevational range is 600-3000 m. 1. p. brahma Wroughton, 1916 — NE India, known only from the Dafla Hills, N of the Brahmaputra River, in Arunachal Pradesh State. 1: p. durga Wroughton, 1916 — E Bangladesh and NE India in the states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura (Naga Hills, Lakhimpur, Golaghat, Cachar Hills, Samaguting, and Sibsagar), adjoining the distribution of 7. p. pileatus to the N, but at lower elevations (i.e. from nearly sea level up to 600 m). 1. p. tenebricus Hinton, 1923 — NE India (Assam State) and Bhutan, in the Manas region N of the Brahmaputra River, with an elevational range of 100-2000 m. in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. 1. p. pileatus Blyth, 1843 — NE India highlands S and E of the Brahmaputra River, in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, and Nagaland (Karbi Anglong Plateau, Barail Range, and Khasi, Garo, Naga, and Jaintia Hills), and in NW Myanmar (W of the Chindwin River, S to Chin Hills Mts and Mt Victoria); the elevational range is 600-3000 m. 1. p. brahma Wroughton, 1916 — NE India, known only from the Dafla Hills, N of the Brahmaputra River, in Arunachal Pradesh State. 1: p. durga Wroughton, 1916 — E Bangladesh and NE India in the states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura (Naga Hills, Lakhimpur, Golaghat, Cachar Hills, Samaguting, and Sibsagar), adjoining the distribution of 7. p. pileatus to the N, but at lower elevations (i.e. from nearly sea level up to 600 m). 1. p. tenebricus Hinton, 1923 — NE India (Assam State) and Bhutan, in the Manas region N of the Brahmaputra River, with an elevational range of 100-2000 m.

Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.vetulusErxleben,1777—SWSriLanka(WetZone),fromKaluRiverStoRama,toanelevationof1000m;thedistributionislessthan5000km?. S.p.monticolaKelaart,1850—MtsofCSriLankaatelevationsof1000-2200m. S.p.nestorBennett,1833—WSriLanka(WetZone),NoftheKaluRiveratelevationsupto1000m. S. p. philbricki Phillips, 1927 — N & E Sri Lanka (Dry Zone) up to elevations of 1500 m in E Matale and Madulkele Hills. in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.vetulusErxleben,1777—SWSriLanka(WetZone),fromKaluRiverStoRama,toanelevationof1000m;thedistributionislessthan5000km?. S.p.monticolaKelaart,1850—MtsofCSriLankaatelevationsof1000-2200m. S.p.nestorBennett,1833—WSriLanka(WetZone),NoftheKaluRiveratelevationsupto1000m. S. p. philbricki Phillips, 1927 — N & E Sri Lanka (Dry Zone) up to elevations of 1500 m in E Matale and Madulkele Hills.

Distribution. NE India (W Arunachal Pradesh State), in the districts of Tawang and West Kameng at elevations of 2000-3000 m; it possibly extends into Bhutan and Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet) in S China. There are reports of its occurrence in Mouling National Park in the Upper Siang District of C Arunachal Pradesh, but they have yet to be confirmed. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. NE India (W Arunachal Pradesh State), in the districts of Tawang and West Kameng at elevations of 2000-3000 m; it possibly extends into Bhutan and Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet) in S China. There are reports of its occurrence in Mouling National Park in the Upper Siang District of C Arunachal Pradesh, but they have yet to be confirmed.

Distribution. SW India, endemic to the hills of the Western Ghats in the states of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, stretching from Anshi Ghats in the N to the Kalakkad Hills in the S, at elevations of 800-1300 m. in Cercopithecidae

Distribution. SW India, endemic to the hills of the Western Ghats in the states of Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu, stretching from Anshi Ghats in the N to the Kalakkad Hills in the S, at elevations of 800-1300 m.

Subspecies and Distribution. M.s.sinicaLinnaeus,1771—NE&SESriLanka(DryZone). M.s.aurifronsPocock,1931—SWSriLanka(WetZonelowlandsfromthecoastto¢.2000mabovesealevel). M.s. opisthomelas Hill, 1942 — SC Sri Lanka (montane areas above elevations of 1800 m). in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. M.s.sinicaLinnaeus,1771—NE&SESriLanka(DryZone). M.s.aurifronsPocock,1931—SWSriLanka(WetZonelowlandsfromthecoastto¢.2000mabovesealevel). M.s. opisthomelas Hill, 1942 — SC Sri Lanka (montane areas above elevations of 1800 m).

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dryad32/100

Data from: Links across ecological scales: Plant biomass responses to elevated CO2

<p>Despite the wide agreement that increased plant biomass accumulation under <span>elevated CO2 concentrations (e[CO2]) might play a key role in climate change, the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass levels remains a major uncertainty in climate models. In the review associated with this dataset, we discuss the evidence for increased biomass levels under e[CO2] across multiple levels of ecological organization, scaling from physiological responses to changes in population-, community-, ecosystem-, and global-scale dynamics. We find that evidence for a sustained biomass response to e[CO2] varies across ecological scales, leading to diverging conclusions about the responses of individuals, populations, communities, and ecosystems. We identify key research gaps in our understanding of the effect of e[CO2] on plant biomass and highlight the need to integrate knowledge across scales of ecological organization so that large-scale modeling can represent the finer-scale mechanisms needed to constrain our understanding of future terrestrial C storage.</span></p>

Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015). in Muridae

Distribution. Mt Cameroon, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, Equatorial Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100- 130 mm, tail 110-147 mm, ear 16-20 mm, hindfoot 21-25 mm; weight 27-62 g. Fur of the Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is dark rufous-brown to blackish brown above and pale to dark gray below. Tail is very long (c.112% of head-body length) and dark. Hindfeet and forefeet are dark brown. Females have three pairs of nipples. Habitat. Montane forest and alpine grassland at elevations above 1000 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. Gestation lasts 26-30 days. Litters have 2-6 young. Activity patterns. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse is nocturnal and terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List. The Cameroon Soft-furred Mouse occurs in two disjunct areas occupying only ¢.2900 km? and the extent and quality of its forest habitat continue to decline. Bibliography. Eisentraut (1970, 1973), Happold (2013a), Missoup et al. (2012), Monadjem etal. (2015).

Distribution. Endemic to India (Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu states), at elevations of 500-1500 m. in Muridae

Distribution. Endemic to India (Rajasthan, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu states), at elevations of 500-1500 m.

Distribution. Until recently thought to be endemic to the Albertine Rift (E DR Congo, SW Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi), at elevations of up to 2960 m in the Rwenzori Mts, but = onasequences, Bryja and colleagues in 2014 suggested that it occurs also in Central African Republic, N DR Congo, and W Kenya. in Muridae

Distribution. Until recently thought to be endemic to the Albertine Rift (E DR Congo, SW Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi), at elevations of up to 2960 m in the Rwenzori Mts, but = onasequences, Bryja and colleagues in 2014 suggested that it occurs also in Central African Republic, N DR Congo, and W Kenya.

Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003). in Muridae

Deccan region, Madras, India. Genus Vandeleuria is masculine, so widely used specific name oleracea has been changed for gender agreement. Vandeleuria oleraceusis possibly a composite of species. Polytypic, but subspecific taxonomy requires reassessment. Distribution. Widespread in S Asia (India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Sri Lan-ka), S China (W & S Yunnan), and mainland SE Asia N of the Isthmus of Kra. Descriptive notes. Head-body 68 mm, tail 105 mm, ear 13 mm, hindfoot 17 mm; weight 10 g. The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse is small, with flat nail on outer finger and outertoe; tail is slender, brown, twice as long as head-body length, and lacks distal tuft. Dorsal pelageis silky and salmon in color; venter is white, with fulvous hues. Habitat. Tall cane and tangled vines in primary and secondary forest such as bamboo forest, moist deciduous forest, temperate forests, montane wet zone, and disturbed secondary forests, and perhaps agricultural areas at elevations of 150-1500 m. Food and Feeding. Indomalayan [Long-tailed Climbing Mice eat fruits, buds, and flowers. Breeding. Litters of the Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse have 3-6 young. Activity patterns. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice are arboreal and nocturnal, although one individual was caught duringthe day. Movements, Home range and Social organization. Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mice build nests in tall bushes or cane to rear their young. Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red Last (as V. olacea). The Indomalayan Long-tailed Climbing Mouse occurs in several habitats and a wide distribution that includes national parks. Further taxonomical studies are required to assess conservation status ofthis potentially diverse species complex. Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Dang Huy Huynh et al. (1994), Ellerman (1941), Marshall (1977b), Musser & Carleton (2005), Osgood (1932), Phillips (1980), Wang Yingxiang (2003).

Although previously treated as a subspecies of G. dolichurus, G.dryas was later recognized as a good species. Monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to elevations above 1000 m within the Albertine Rift Mts. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100-130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, car 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. Fur of the Albertine Rift Thicket Rat is tawny brown above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated pure white belly bordered by thin orange line. Tail is very long (160% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, tufted, and dark brown. Feet are pale buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Females have 0+2 = 2 pairs of nipples. in Muridae

Although previously treated as a subspecies of G. dolichurus, G.dryas was later recognized as a good species. Monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to elevations above 1000 m within the Albertine Rift Mts. Descriptive notes. Head-body 100-130 mm, tail 142-177 mm, car 15-21 mm, hindfoot 22-28 mm; weight 30-59 g. Fur of the Albertine Rift Thicket Rat is tawny brown above, becoming brighter orange brown on rump, with sharply demarcated pure white belly bordered by thin orange line. Tail is very long (160% of head-body length), semi-prehensile, tufted, and dark brown. Feet are pale buff, with four digits on forefoot and five on relatively short hindfoot, fifth digit longer and semi-opposable. Females have 0+2 = 2 pairs of nipples.

Distribution. Known only from seven localities in Central Cordillera of New Guinea, including Star (= Jayawijaya) Mts and the Hindenburg, Victor Emanuel, and Blucher ranges. A subfossil specimen from an owl pellet deposit at 3450 m on Mt Jaya, W New Guinea, may also represent this species; if confirmed, this would extend both the geographic and elevational range of Mirza's Western Moss Rat. in Muridae

Distribution. Known only from seven localities in Central Cordillera of New Guinea, including Star (= Jayawijaya) Mts and the Hindenburg, Victor Emanuel, and Blucher ranges. A subfossil specimen from an owl pellet deposit at 3450 m on Mt Jaya, W New Guinea, may also represent this species; if confirmed, this would extend both the geographic and elevational range of Mirza's Western Moss Rat.

Distribution. Known from three localities along the Central Range of New Guinea (Mt Trikora, Tifalmin Valley, and Star Mts), at elevations of 1800-2800 m. in Muridae

Distribution. Known from three localities along the Central Range of New Guinea (Mt Trikora, Tifalmin Valley, and Star Mts), at elevations of 1800-2800 m.

Distribution. New Guinea, including the Central Cordillera from Weyland Range E to Owen Stanley Range, Cromwell and Rawlinson ranges on Huon Peninsula, and Mt Dayman in Maneau Range on SE peninsula, at elevations of ¢.500-3500 m. in Muridae

Distribution. New Guinea, including the Central Cordillera from Weyland Range E to Owen Stanley Range, Cromwell and Rawlinson ranges on Huon Peninsula, and Mt Dayman in Maneau Range on SE peninsula, at elevations of ¢.500-3500 m.

Distribution. Recorded from high elevations in the S two-thirds of the Cordillera Central, NW Luzon I, Philippines. Previous accounts of A. datae in the Sierra Madre and in the lowlands of Luzon refer to other species of Apomys that remained unrecognized until 2011. in Muridae

Distribution. Recorded from high elevations in the S two-thirds of the Cordillera Central, NW Luzon I, Philippines. Previous accounts of A. datae in the Sierra Madre and in the lowlands of Luzon refer to other species of Apomys that remained unrecognized until 2011.

Lophuromys margarettae was initially de- scribed as a subspecies of L. aquilus and later synonymized under L. flavopunctatus. It was elevated to a distinct species based on analyses of external and skull measurements and mtDNA of specimens from the type locality. Monotypic. Distribution. Highlands of W Uganda and Kenya. in Muridae

Lophuromys margarettae was initially de- scribed as a subspecies of L. aquilus and later synonymized under L. flavopunctatus. It was elevated to a distinct species based on analyses of external and skull measurements and mtDNA of specimens from the type locality. Monotypic. Distribution. Highlands of W Uganda and Kenya.

Distribution. Known only from the Mingan Mts, E LuzonI, Philippines, at elevations of 1540-1785 m; it may be present also in adjacent S Sierra Madre and the poorly surveyed Dingalan Mts. in Muridae

Distribution. Known only from the Mingan Mts, E LuzonI, Philippines, at elevations of 1540-1785 m; it may be present also in adjacent S Sierra Madre and the poorly surveyed Dingalan Mts.

Distribution. Known only from the catchment of Paniai Lake, W New Guinea, at elevations of 1750-1765 m. in Muridae

Distribution. Known only from the catchment of Paniai Lake, W New Guinea, at elevations of 1750-1765 m.

Lophuromys stanley: is member of the L. flavopunctatus species complex and was named during partial revision of the L. aguilus species complex. It is characterized by craniometric and genetic character-istics; its skull proportions are similar to L. laticeps, and molecularly, it is similar to L. margarettae and L. zena (cytochrome-b). Lophuromys stanleyi is one of four endemic species in the Rwenzori Mountains diversity hotspot. Monotypic. Distribution. Rwenzori Mts, E DR Congo and SW Uganda. Descriptive notes. Head-body 113-126 mm, tail 40-80 mm, ear 16-19 mm, hindfoot 22-24 mm; weight 36-55 g. The Rwenzori Brush-furred Rat has a speckled pelage similar to other speciesin the L. flavopunctatus species complex. Tail is short, 50-60% of head-body length. Habitat. Poorly known, but type specimen was collected at an elevation of 3700 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. No information. in Muridae

Lophuromys stanley: is member of the L. flavopunctatus species complex and was named during partial revision of the L. aguilus species complex. It is characterized by craniometric and genetic character-istics; its skull proportions are similar to L. laticeps, and molecularly, it is similar to L. margarettae and L. zena (cytochrome-b). Lophuromys stanleyi is one of four endemic species in the Rwenzori Mountains diversity hotspot. Monotypic. Distribution. Rwenzori Mts, E DR Congo and SW Uganda. Descriptive notes. Head-body 113-126 mm, tail 40-80 mm, ear 16-19 mm, hindfoot 22-24 mm; weight 36-55 g. The Rwenzori Brush-furred Rat has a speckled pelage similar to other speciesin the L. flavopunctatus species complex. Tail is short, 50-60% of head-body length. Habitat. Poorly known, but type specimen was collected at an elevation of 3700 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. No information.

Lophuromys medicaudatus, L. woosnami, and L. luteogaster are in subgenus Kivumys and woosnami species group. Monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to the Albertine Rift, occurring around Lake Kivu in E DR Congo and Rwanda and SW Uganda (Bwindi). Descriptive notes. Head—body 92-112 mm, tail 73-95 mm, ear 15-19 mm, hindfoot 18-23 mm; weight 29-43 g. Similar to other species in subgenus Kivumys, the Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has unspeckled pelage, and tail ¢.85% of head-body length. Dorsum is uniform dark brown-olive, and venter is orange. Females have three pairs of mammae. Habitat. Mountain swamps and mountain forests at elevations of 1850-2500 m. Food and Feeding. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is omnivorous; diets contain 30-100% arthropods, mollusks, seeds, and fruits. Breeding. Female Western Rift Brush-furred Rats can have 1-2 embryos. Pregnant females were observed in February, April, and July. Activity patterns. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has never been found in modified secondary environment and is quite rare. Bibliography. Dieterlen (1976b, 1987 2013g), Kasangaki et al. (2003), Verheyen et al. (1996). in Muridae

Lophuromys medicaudatus, L. woosnami, and L. luteogaster are in subgenus Kivumys and woosnami species group. Monotypic. Distribution. Endemic to the Albertine Rift, occurring around Lake Kivu in E DR Congo and Rwanda and SW Uganda (Bwindi). Descriptive notes. Head—body 92-112 mm, tail 73-95 mm, ear 15-19 mm, hindfoot 18-23 mm; weight 29-43 g. Similar to other species in subgenus Kivumys, the Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has unspeckled pelage, and tail ¢.85% of head-body length. Dorsum is uniform dark brown-olive, and venter is orange. Females have three pairs of mammae. Habitat. Mountain swamps and mountain forests at elevations of 1850-2500 m. Food and Feeding. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is omnivorous; diets contain 30-100% arthropods, mollusks, seeds, and fruits. Breeding. Female Western Rift Brush-furred Rats can have 1-2 embryos. Pregnant females were observed in February, April, and July. Activity patterns. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Vulnerable on The IUCN Red List. The Western Rift Brush-furred Rat has never been found in modified secondary environment and is quite rare. Bibliography. Dieterlen (1976b, 1987 2013g), Kasangaki et al. (2003), Verheyen et al. (1996).