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Subspecies and Distribution. P. o. onca Linnaeus, 1758 — Amazon and Orinoco basin rainforests. P.o. arizonensis Goldman, 1932 — SW USA (Arizona) to NW Mexico (Sonora). P. o. centralis Mearns, 1901 — Nicaragua to Colombia. P. o. goldmani Mearns, 1901 — Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico S to Belize and N Honduras. P. o. hernandesi Gray, 1857 — W Mexico (S Sonora to Oaxaca). P. o. palustris Ameghino, 1888 — S Brazil S through Uruguay to N Argentina (the Rio Negro in Chaco province). P. o. paraguensis Hollister, 1914 — Paraguay. P. o. peruviana de Blainville, 1843 — coastal regions of Ecuador and Peru. P.o. veraecrucis Nelson & Goldman, 1933 — S USA (C Texas, now extinct) to SE Mexico (Chiapas). in Felidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P. o. onca Linnaeus, 1758 — Amazon and Orinoco basin rainforests. P.o. arizonensis Goldman, 1932 — SW USA (Arizona) to NW Mexico (Sonora). P. o. centralis Mearns, 1901 — Nicaragua to Colombia. P. o. goldmani Mearns, 1901 — Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico S to Belize and N Honduras. P. o. hernandesi Gray, 1857 — W Mexico (S Sonora to Oaxaca). P. o. palustris Ameghino, 1888 — S Brazil S through Uruguay to N Argentina (the Rio Negro in Chaco province). P. o. paraguensis Hollister, 1914 — Paraguay. P. o. peruviana de Blainville, 1843 — coastal regions of Ecuador and Peru. P.o. veraecrucis Nelson & Goldman, 1933 — S USA (C Texas, now extinct) to SE Mexico (Chiapas).
Subspecies and Distribution. P.y. yagouaroundi Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 — the Guianas highlands S to Amazon Basin of Brazil. P. y. ameghinoi Holmberg, 1898 — W Argentina (from Jujuy S to N Patagonia). P. y. cacomitli Berlandier, 1859 — NE Mexico, possibly extinct in S USA (Texas). P. y. eyra Fischer, 1814 — S Brazil through Paraguay to N Argentina. P.y. fossata Mearns, 1901 — S Mexico to Honduras. P.y. melantho Thomas, 1914 — Andean valleys of Peru and W Brazil (upper Amazonia). P.y. panamensis J. A. Allen, 1904 — Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, W Colombia to Ecuador. P.y. tolteca Thomas, 1898 — NW Mexico (Sinaloa), extinct in SW USA (Arizona). in Felidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.y. yagouaroundi Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 — the Guianas highlands S to Amazon Basin of Brazil. P. y. ameghinoi Holmberg, 1898 — W Argentina (from Jujuy S to N Patagonia). P. y. cacomitli Berlandier, 1859 — NE Mexico, possibly extinct in S USA (Texas). P. y. eyra Fischer, 1814 — S Brazil through Paraguay to N Argentina. P.y. fossata Mearns, 1901 — S Mexico to Honduras. P.y. melantho Thomas, 1914 — Andean valleys of Peru and W Brazil (upper Amazonia). P.y. panamensis J. A. Allen, 1904 — Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, W Colombia to Ecuador. P.y. tolteca Thomas, 1898 — NW Mexico (Sinaloa), extinct in SW USA (Arizona).
Subspecies and Distribution. N. n. noctula Schreber, 1774 — throughout Europe from Great Britain, France, and Spain E to W Russia, W Kazakhstan, and SW Turkmenistan, including S Scandinavia, Gotland and Oland Is, and Cyprus (Cyprus records somewhat tentatively regarded as this subspecies). Absent throughout much of Iberia and is locally extinct in Portugal. N. n. lebanoticus D. L.. Harrison, 1962 — WC & SW Syria, Lebanon, and NE Israel. N. n. mecklenburzevi Kuzyakin, 1934 — SC & E Kazakhstan, SC Russia, W Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and NW China (Xinjiang). The species may be present in N Africa, with two records claimed from Algeria in 1858, but these may represent N. lasiopterus; further sampling is needed. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. N. n. noctula Schreber, 1774 — throughout Europe from Great Britain, France, and Spain E to W Russia, W Kazakhstan, and SW Turkmenistan, including S Scandinavia, Gotland and Oland Is, and Cyprus (Cyprus records somewhat tentatively regarded as this subspecies). Absent throughout much of Iberia and is locally extinct in Portugal. N. n. lebanoticus D. L.. Harrison, 1962 — WC & SW Syria, Lebanon, and NE Israel. N. n. mecklenburzevi Kuzyakin, 1934 — SC & E Kazakhstan, SC Russia, W Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and NW China (Xinjiang). The species may be present in N Africa, with two records claimed from Algeria in 1858, but these may represent N. lasiopterus; further sampling is needed.
Measurement report: The importance of biomass burning in light extinction and direct radiative effect of urban aerosol during the COVID-19 lockdown in Xi'an, China
<p>To explore the impacts of anthropogenic emissions on aerosol optical properties and direct radiative effect (DRE), a series of real-time measurements was conducted in an urban area of China before and during the lockdown of Coronavirus Disease 2019. The generalized addictive model analysis shows that the light extinction coefficient (<em>b</em><sub>ext</sub>) decreased largely during the lockdown due to the sharp reductions in anthropogenic emissions. Organic aerosol was the largest contributor to <em>b</em><sub>ext</sub> based on the ridge regression analysis. A hybrid environmental receptor model combining with chemical and optical variables shows that <em>b</em><sub>ext</sub> from biomass burning increased in the lockdown due to the undiminished needs of residential cooking and heating in winter. Biomass burning contributed the largest positive effect to aerosol DRE in the atmosphere during the lockdown, highlighting the importance of controlling biomass burning for mitigating climate change in China in the future.</p>
Distribution. Extinct in the wild by 1972, free-ranging Arabian Oryxes have been reestablished in Israel, WC Oman, and SW Saudi Arabia. in Bovidae
Distribution. Extinct in the wild by 1972, free-ranging Arabian Oryxes have been reestablished in Israel, WC Oman, and SW Saudi Arabia.
Distribution. Extinct in the wild. The Scimitar-horned Oryx originally occurred on the southern and northern edges of the Sahara Desert. in Bovidae
Distribution. Extinct in the wild. The Scimitar-horned Oryx originally occurred on the southern and northern edges of the Sahara Desert.
Distribution. The arid zone in Namibia, most of Botswana and the Northern Cape of South Africa, extending marginally into Zimbabwe, the Western Cape, the Eastern Cape, the North West, and the Free State of South Africa; formerly also SW Angola but now possibly extinct. in Bovidae
Distribution. The arid zone in Namibia, most of Botswana and the Northern Cape of South Africa, extending marginally into Zimbabwe, the Western Cape, the Eastern Cape, the North West, and the Free State of South Africa; formerly also SW Angola but now possibly extinct.
Distribution. Found in lowland rainforest regions of W & C Africa, including S Nigeria (perhaps one population remaining that may be an intermediate form), S & C Cameroon, S Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea (extinct on Bioko I), Sao Tomé and Principe Is, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, C & N DR Congo, W & C Angola (two disjunct populations). in Bovidae
Distribution. Found in lowland rainforest regions of W & C Africa, including S Nigeria (perhaps one population remaining that may be an intermediate form), S & C Cameroon, S Central African Republic, Equatorial Guinea (extinct on Bioko I), Sao Tomé and Principe Is, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, C & N DR Congo, W & C Angola (two disjunct populations).
Subspecies and Distribution. A.p.porcinusZimmermann,1780—Pakistan,NIndia,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,andMyanmar. A. p. annamiticus Heude, 1888 — S China (Yunnan), Thailand (reintroduced), and Cambodia; formerly also Laos and Vietnam but may be extinct there now. Tt was introduced some centuries ago in Sri Lanka, and more recently into Australia, and South Africa. in Cervidae
Subspecies and Distribution. A.p.porcinusZimmermann,1780—Pakistan,NIndia,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,andMyanmar. A. p. annamiticus Heude, 1888 — S China (Yunnan), Thailand (reintroduced), and Cambodia; formerly also Laos and Vietnam but may be extinct there now. Tt was introduced some centuries ago in Sri Lanka, and more recently into Australia, and South Africa.
Subspecies and Distribution. R.m.mariannaDesmarest,1822—Luzon|andassociatedsmallerIs. R.m.barandanaHeude,1888—MindoroI. R. m. nigella Hollister, 1813 — Mindanao, Basilan, Samar, and Leyte Is. In addition to its native range, introduced populations of this species are found on the islands of Guam, Saipan and Rota in the Mariana Is and Pohnpei in the Caroline Is. The Philippine Brown Deer was also introduced to the Japanese Bonin Islands, where it later became extinct. in Cervidae
Subspecies and Distribution. R.m.mariannaDesmarest,1822—Luzon|andassociatedsmallerIs. R.m.barandanaHeude,1888—MindoroI. R. m. nigella Hollister, 1813 — Mindanao, Basilan, Samar, and Leyte Is. In addition to its native range, introduced populations of this species are found on the islands of Guam, Saipan and Rota in the Mariana Is and Pohnpei in the Caroline Is. The Philippine Brown Deer was also introduced to the Japanese Bonin Islands, where it later became extinct.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.e.elaphusLinnaeus,1758—GreatBritainandcontinentalEurope. C.e.bactrianusLydekker,1900—WTurkestan(Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Tajikistan&NAfghanistan). C.e.barbarusBennett,1833—AtlasMts(Algeria,Tunisia). C.e.corsicanusErxleben,1777—Corsica(extinct,reintroducedin1985),Sardinia. C.e.maralGray,1850—Anatolia,Caucasus,andNWIran. C. e. yarkandensis Blanford, 1892 — E Turkestan (S Xinjiang, China). It has been introduced into Chile, Argentina, Australia, and New Zealand. in Cervidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.e.elaphusLinnaeus,1758—GreatBritainandcontinentalEurope. C.e.bactrianusLydekker,1900—WTurkestan(Kazakhstan,Uzbekistan,Tajikistan&NAfghanistan). C.e.barbarusBennett,1833—AtlasMts(Algeria,Tunisia). C.e.corsicanusErxleben,1777—Corsica(extinct,reintroducedin1985),Sardinia. C.e.maralGray,1850—Anatolia,Caucasus,andNWIran. C. e. yarkandensis Blanford, 1892 — E Turkestan (S Xinjiang, China). It has been introduced into Chile, Argentina, Australia, and New Zealand.
A flexible method for estimating tip diversification rates across a range of speciation and extinction scenarios
<p>Estimates of diversification rates at the tips of a phylogeny provide a flexible approach for correlation analyses with multiple traits and to map diversification rates in space, while also avoiding the uncertainty of deep time rate reconstructions. Available methods for tip rate estimation make different assumptions, and thus their accuracy usually depends on characteristics of the underlying model generating the tree. Here we introduce MiSSE, a trait-free, state-dependent speciation and extinction approach that can be used to estimate varying speciation, extinction, net-diversification, turnover rates, and extinction fraction at the tips of the tree. We compare the accuracy of tip rates inferred by MiSSE against similar methods and demonstrate that, due to certain characteristics of the model, the error is generally low across a broad range of speciation and extinction scenarios. MiSSE can be used alongside regular phylogenetic comparative methods in trait related diversification hypotheses, and we also describe a simple correction to avoid pseudoreplication from sister tips in analyses of independent contrasts. Finally, we demonstrate the capabilities of MiSSE, with a renewed focus on classic comparative methods, to examine correlation between plant height and turnover rates in eucalypts, a species-rich lineage of flowering plants.</p>
Big, flightless, insular, and dead: characterizing the extinct birds of the Quaternary
<p><b>Aim:</b> Birds have recently undergone a major extinction event which apparently, is ongoing. According to some estimates, humans have caused the extinction of up to 20% of the entire avian species diversity since the latter part of the Pleistocene, which is continuing at an unprecedented rate to this day. Few attempts, however, were made to determine how many extinctions are actually known, rather than projected to have occurred. We aimed to quantify the known avian extinctions, and assess the relevance of factors thought to have promoted their extinctions, i.e., large size, flightlessness, and insularity.</p> <p><b>Location:</b> Global</p> <p><b>Taxon:</b> Aves</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> We collected data on bird extinctions from the literature. We recorded the geographic range, flight ability, and body size of each species. If mass data were unavailable, we estimated it from linear measurements using machine learning tools. We modelled masses of extinct birds on those of extant ones and estimated the effects of taxonomy, body mass, insularity, and flight ability.</p> <p><b>Results</b> We have identified 469 species of birds that humans, directly or indirectly, drove to extinction. These extinctions have predominantly occurred on islands. Extinct birds were often flightless. We estimated the body mass of 291 extinct species and found that overall, the median mass of extinct species was seven times larger than that of extant ones. Extinctions mostly occurred in families of large-bodied birds, while lineages of small birds have fared better. Insular birds are overall larger than mainland birds, a trend that becomes even more evident when the extinct forms are analyzed. However, within lineages, sizes are only slightly larger on islands than on continents.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions</b> Our findings suggest that extinct bird species differed from extant birds by being larger, mostly restricted to islands, and often flightless. These factors made them especially vulnerable to human prosecution and to other anthropogenically-related declines. Our modern understanding of birds is skewed with respect to the nature of avian faunas that existed before the current wave of human-induced extinctions changed our world forever.</p>
Figure 3. A in Metric variation in the postcranial skeleton of ostriches, Struthio (Aves: Palaeognathae), with new data on extinct subspecies
Figure 3. A, ternary diagrams comparing intramembral (length) proportions of femur (F): tibiotarsus (TT): tarsometatarsus (TM) in the extant ratites and moas. Data for Struthio are from the present work; for other ratites from Dickison (2007). See Supporting Information (Table S19) for the ternary ratios shown in the diagram. B, ternary diagrams comparing intramembral (length) proportions of tibiotarsus (TT): tarsometatarsus (TM): pedal digit III phalanx 1 (III/1) in the extant ratites and moas. Data for Struthio are from the present work; for other ratites from Dickison (2007) for the tibiotarsus and tarsometatarsus and from Farlow et al. (2013) for the phalanx. See Supporting Information (Table S20) for the ternary ratios shown in the diagrams. C, ternary diagrams comparing intramembral (length) proportions of tarsometatarsus (TM): pedal digit III phalanx 1 (III/1): pedal digit III phalanx 2 (III/2) in the extant ratites and moas. Data for Struthio are from the present work; for other ratites from Dickison (2007) for the tarsometatarsus and from Farlow et al. (2013) for the phalanges. See Supporting Information (Table S21) for the ternary ratios shown in the diagrams. Point labels: An, Anomalopteryx didiformis; Ap, Apteryx (the mean for Apteryx australis, Apteryx mantelli and Apteryx oweni); Ca, Casuarius (the mean for Casuarius casuarius, Casuarius unappendiculatus and Casuarius bennetti); Di, Dinornis (the mean for Dinornis robustus and Dinornis novaezealandiae); Dr, Dromaius novaehollandiae; Em, Emeus crassus; Eu, Euryapteryx curtus (the mean for Euryapteryx curtus curtus and Euryapteryx curtus gravis); Me, Megalapteryx didinus; Pa, Pachyornis (the mean for Pachyornis australis, Pachyornis elephantopus and Pachyornis geranoides; Rh, Rhea (the mean for Rhea americana and Rhea pennata); Sc, Struthio camelus (the mean for Struthio camelus australis, Struthio camelus camelus and Struthio camelus massaicus); Sc+Sm, the mean for Struthio camelus and Struthio molybdophanes; Scs, Struthio camelus syriacus; Ss, Struthio camelus spatzi.
Figure 1 in Metric variation in the postcranial skeleton of ostriches, Struthio (Aves: Palaeognathae), with new data on extinct subspecies
Figure 1. Graphical representations of measurements as defined in Table 1. A, scapulocoracoid in medial view. B, sternum in dorsal view. C, synsacrum and pelvis in cranial (C1), dorsal (C2), lateral (C3) and ventral (C4) view. D, femur in medial (D1), caudal (D2), proximal (D3 and distal (D4) view. E, tibiotarsus in cranial (E1) and medial (E2) view. F, fibula in cranial (F1), lateral (F2) and caudomedial (F3) view. G, tarsometatarsus in proximal (G1), dorsal (proximal end; G2), plantar (G3) and lateral (G4) view. H, phalanx 1 in dorsal (H1), ventral (H2), lateral (H3), medial (H4) and proximal (H5) view. I, pedal digit III phalanx 2 in dorsal (I1), ventral (I2) and medial (I3) view. Anatomical abbreviations: ai, angulus ilii; al, angulus lateralis; am, angulus medialis; at, antitrochanter; c, caput femoris; cc, crista cnemialis cranialis; cn, crista cnemialis lateralis; cp,
Figure 2 in Metric variation in the postcranial skeleton of ostriches, Struthio (Aves: Palaeognathae), with new data on extinct subspecies
Figure 2. Simpson's ratio diagram comparing the lengths of scapulocoracoid (SC), humerus (H), femur (F), tibiotarsus (TT), tarsometatarsus (TM), and the first (III/1), second (III/2), and third (III/3) pedal digit III phalanges of living and extinct ostriches (Struthio), with Struthio camelus australis NHMUK 1857.2.24.10 as a reference (the black straight line at level 0). See the Supporting Information for the adopted lengths of limb segments (Table S17) and their LOG (decimal logarithmic) values (Table S18).
Subspecies and Distribution. C. p. paca Linnaeus, 1766 — E & S Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and E Brazil to Paraguay, N Argentina (Misiones and Corrientes provinces), and Uruguay. C. p. guanta Lonnberg, 1921 — W Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and N Bolivia. C. p. mexianae Hagmann, 1908 — E Brazil, mouth of the Amazon in Para State. C. p. nelsoni Goldman, 1913 — E & S Mexico (Atlantic slope lowlands from San Luis Potosi State to Yucatan Peninsula), then through Central America to N Costa Rica. C. p. virgatus Bangs, 1902 — W Costa Rica, through Panama to N & W Colombia. It is also naturally present in Trinidad and Tobago Is (subspecies unknown), but it was extinct in Tobago I long ago due to overexploitation by Amerindians. They also introduced the Lowland Paca (nominate subspecies) from Venezuela into Curacao I, the largest of the Netherlands Antilles. In the 20" century it was successfully introduced into Cuba from Mexico, so it should belong to the Mexican subspecies nelson in Cuniculidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C. p. paca Linnaeus, 1766 — E & S Colombia, Venezuela, the Guianas, and E Brazil to Paraguay, N Argentina (Misiones and Corrientes provinces), and Uruguay. C. p. guanta Lonnberg, 1921 — W Brazil, Ecuador, Peru, and N Bolivia. C. p. mexianae Hagmann, 1908 — E Brazil, mouth of the Amazon in Para State. C. p. nelsoni Goldman, 1913 — E & S Mexico (Atlantic slope lowlands from San Luis Potosi State to Yucatan Peninsula), then through Central America to N Costa Rica. C. p. virgatus Bangs, 1902 — W Costa Rica, through Panama to N & W Colombia. It is also naturally present in Trinidad and Tobago Is (subspecies unknown), but it was extinct in Tobago I long ago due to overexploitation by Amerindians. They also introduced the Lowland Paca (nominate subspecies) from Venezuela into Curacao I, the largest of the Netherlands Antilles. In the 20" century it was successfully introduced into Cuba from Mexico, so it should belong to the Mexican subspecies nelson
Distribution. Endemic to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, including Dongting and Poyang lakes, but now probably extinct. in Lipotidae
Distribution. Endemic to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China, including Dongting and Poyang lakes, but now probably extinct.
Distribution. Australia, patchily distributed in SW & NW Western Australia, NE, E & SE Queensland, NE New South Wales, and Victoria. Presumed extinct in South Australia. in Dasyuridae
Distribution. Australia, patchily distributed in SW & NW Western Australia, NE, E & SE Queensland, NE New South Wales, and Victoria. Presumed extinct in South Australia.
Subspecies and Distribution. P. l. longimembris Coues, 1875 — SW USA (Mojave Desert and Transverse Ranges, SW California). P. l. aestivus Huey, 1928 — NW Mexico (W base Sierra Juarez to Valle de la Trinidad, N Baja California). P.l. arizonensis Goldman, 1931 — SW USA (SC Utah and NC Arizona to SE Nevada). P. l.bangsi Mearns, 1898 — SW USA (W Colorado Desert of S California). P. l. bombycinus Osgood, 1907 — SW USA and NW Mexico (lower Colorado River Valley of SE California, SW Arizona, NE Baja California, and NW Sonora). P. l. brevinasus Osgood, 1900 — SW USA (arid coastal basins of SW California). P. l. gulosus Hall, 1941 — W USA (along the W margin of former Pleistocene Lake Bonneville in the Great Basin of E Nevada and W Utah). P. l. internationalis Huey, 1939 — SW USA and NW Mexico (SC California and adjacent NC Baja California). P. l. kinoensis Huey, 1935 — NW Mexico (disjunct and geographically restricted population along Bahia Kino, W Sonora), but may be extinct. P. l. nevadensis Merriam, 1894 — W USA (Great Basin of SE Oregon, NE California, and NC Nevada). P. l. pacificus Mearns, 1898 — SW USA (coastal plains of SW California to the USA-Mexico border). P. I. panamintinus Merriam, 1894 — SW USA (Great Basin of W Nevada and SE California). P. l. pimensis Huey, 1937 — SW USA (disjunct distribution in SC Arizona). P. l. salinensis Bole, 1937 — SW USA (restricted distribution in the Salinas Valley of SE California). P. l. tularensis Richardson, 1937 — SW USA (restricted distribution in the upper valley of the Kern River, SC California). P. l. venustus Huey, 1930 — NW Mexico (known only from the type locality of San Agustin, NC Baja California). in Heteromyidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P. l. longimembris Coues, 1875 — SW USA (Mojave Desert and Transverse Ranges, SW California). P. l. aestivus Huey, 1928 — NW Mexico (W base Sierra Juarez to Valle de la Trinidad, N Baja California). P.l. arizonensis Goldman, 1931 — SW USA (SC Utah and NC Arizona to SE Nevada). P. l.bangsi Mearns, 1898 — SW USA (W Colorado Desert of S California). P. l. bombycinus Osgood, 1907 — SW USA and NW Mexico (lower Colorado River Valley of SE California, SW Arizona, NE Baja California, and NW Sonora). P. l. brevinasus Osgood, 1900 — SW USA (arid coastal basins of SW California). P. l. gulosus Hall, 1941 — W USA (along the W margin of former Pleistocene Lake Bonneville in the Great Basin of E Nevada and W Utah). P. l. internationalis Huey, 1939 — SW USA and NW Mexico (SC California and adjacent NC Baja California). P. l. kinoensis Huey, 1935 — NW Mexico (disjunct and geographically restricted population along Bahia Kino, W Sonora), but may be extinct. P. l. nevadensis Merriam, 1894 — W USA (Great Basin of SE Oregon, NE California, and NC Nevada). P. l. pacificus Mearns, 1898 — SW USA (coastal plains of SW California to the USA-Mexico border). P. I. panamintinus Merriam, 1894 — SW USA (Great Basin of W Nevada and SE California). P. l. pimensis Huey, 1937 — SW USA (disjunct distribution in SC Arizona). P. l. salinensis Bole, 1937 — SW USA (restricted distribution in the Salinas Valley of SE California). P. l. tularensis Richardson, 1937 — SW USA (restricted distribution in the upper valley of the Kern River, SC California). P. l. venustus Huey, 1930 — NW Mexico (known only from the type locality of San Agustin, NC Baja California).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.