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Figure 37 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 37. Female Paraphidippus aurantius (Lucas 1833), Oklahoma. 3-4, Detail of scales on the carapace (3) and dorsal opisthosoma (4). Both the white, pigmented scales (4) and the iridescent green-to-violet scales are similar in size and shape (lanceolate). Attribution and ©: 1-4, Thomas Shahan.

Figure 36 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 36. Carapace scales of Hentzia sp., Tolland County, Connecticut (13 OCT 2014). 1, view of carapace, showing distribution of white and orange pigmented scales. 2, Detailed view. All scales are three-shafted. The orange scales may be narrower, but some scales are also intermediate in color. Attribution and ©: 1-2, Macroscopic Solutions.

Figure 38 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 38. Camera lucida drawings of opisthosomal scales for some dendryphantine salticids from North America.

Figure 32 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 32. SEM, scales from carapace (1) and opisthosoma (2) of a female Mendoza canestrinii. Attribution

Figure 33 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 33. Scales of female Platycryptus californicus (Peckham & Peckham 1888). 1, Dorsal view of female from Mineral County, Montana (28 JUL 2022). This species, closely related to P. undatus (Figure 13), lives under loose bark in nature but is also commonly found on man-made structures. 2-4, SEM, scales of the dorsal opisthosoma of a female from Corvallis, Oregon, 1974. All scales are keeled, the lighter-colored ones wider (class 6), the darker ones narrow and bladelike (class 7). Attribution and ©: 1, Kristi DuBois.

Figure 29 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 29. Representative marpissines. Attribution and ©: 1, IQsis Meri Medri; 4, Felix Riegel; 5, OQscar Mendez; 6, spidereyes 2020; 7, Ryzhkov Oleg; 8, giorege1959.

Figure 28. Neon. 1 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 28. Neon. 1, Male Neon sp. 2, SEM, setiform scales on opisthosoma of female N. minutus ZOabka 1985. 3, SEM, setiform scales on carapace of female N. reticulatus (Blackwall 1853). 4-5, SEM, setiform scales on carapace (4) and opisthosoma (5) of female N. sumatranus Logunov 1998. Attribution and ©: 1, OQscar Mendez; 2-5, Dimitri V. Logunov.

Figure 27. Mymarachne formicaria. 1-2 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 27. Mymarachne formicaria. 1-2, Male and female. 3-4, SEM, setiform scales on carapace (3) and opisthosoma (4) of female. Attribution and ©: 1, Pierre Bornand; 2, spidereyes, 3-4, Dimitri V. Logunov.

Figure 23 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 23. SEM, brushy scales, carapace of a female Lyssomanes viridis. Attribution and ©: 1-2, Dimitri V. Logunov.

Figure 21 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 21. Fossil salticid (HCBA7 in D. E. Hill collection; see Hill & Edwards 2013) embedded in Baltic Amber collected at Palanga near the Baltic Sea. 1, Note the large PME on the side of the carapace. 2, Detail of inset from (1). Note the specialized scales that surround the AME. 3, Detail of inset from (2), showing long pinnate scales that are keeled (class 6 or 7), much like Platycryptus (Figure 33). As shown in Figure 2, these are thought to represent a more primitive grade of pigmented scale, but one that is still found in many species.

Figure 17 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 17. Representative chrysillines. Many members of this primarily Afroeurasian group, and particularly those that occur in tropical Asia, have brilliant iridescent scales on both the carapace and opisthosoma, often arranged in transverse bands. African genera, to include Mexcala (5) and Natta (see Hill 2009a), tend to be more subdued in coloration. Attribution and ©: 1, 11, Roman Prokhorov; 2, Girish Gowda; 3, Daniel Kurek; 4, Felix Riegel; 5, Thomas Shahan; 6, Kit Law; 7, Harshith JV; 8, Richard Ong; 9, hollythefrog; 10, Ben Tsai.

Figure 16 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 16. Some of the scale patterns found in females of the Nearctic dendryphantine genus Phidippus. In this genus the dorsal opisthosoma typically bears one pair of anterior spots, a central triangle comprised of two fused spots, and two posterior pairs of spots (Edwards 2004). These spots are comprised of pigmented scales on a black background. Surrounding these spots on the black background there are usually many flat, transparent, shiny and sometimes iridescent scales. 3-4, Note the variation in the color and scale pattern of these female P. californicus, from Mexico and Oregon, respectively.

Figure 6 in Jumping spider scales (Araneae: Salticidae)

Figure 6. Courtship display by male peacock spiders (Euophyrini: Maratus). The fan (dorsal opisthosomal plate) of these spiders bears a distinctive, high color contrast, and high saturation pattern comprised of both pigmented and iridescent scales, in most cases raised and expanded in front of a female as shown here. Each of the species shown here was first described in the last decade. Attribution and ©: 1-14, JuJrgen C. Otto.

Figure 13 in Natural history of the agave jumping spider, Paraphidippus basalis (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantina)

Figure 13. Eggs of Paraphidippus basalis. a, Partially-cut silk layer revealing the egg mass. b, Close-up of the eggs.

Figure 8 in Natural history of the agave jumping spider, Paraphidippus basalis (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantina)

Figure 8 (continued from previous page). Interactions between an adult female and an adult male on 28-19 September 2019. g-k, Photographs taken between approximately 19:00 and 20:40 documenting copulation within the female's shelter. l, Male mounted on the female the following morning within the same shelter.

Figure 7 in Natural history of the agave jumping spider, Paraphidippus basalis (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantina)

Figure 7. Interactions between an adult female and an adult male on 27 July 2019. a, Adult male and adult female in a mountain yucca. b, The male approaches the female with his forelegs extended laterally.

Figure 6. Silk shelters. a, P. basalis exuvium within a in Natural history of the agave jumping spider, Paraphidippus basalis (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantina)

Figure 6. Silk shelters. a, P. basalis exuvium within a tube shelter that is oriented along the length of a sotol leaf. b, Tube shelter perpendicular to the leaves of an agave. c-d, Tube shelter under a flat sheet of silk stretched between the edges of a yucca leaf. e, The same type of silk shelter as in (c-d), occupied during daytime by a Curicaberis spider. f, Young instar of P. basalis in a mountain yucca, hanging from the end of a dragline at night.

Figure 5. Unusual substrates. a-b, Immature P in Natural history of the agave jumping spider, Paraphidippus basalis (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantina)

Figure 5. Unusual substrates. a-b, Immature P. basalis on a dead sotol leaf. c-d, Immature approximately two meters above ground level on a sotol inflorescence.

Figure 1 in Natural history of the agave jumping spider, Paraphidippus basalis (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantina)

Figure 1. Mountain ranges in the southwestern United States where Paraphidippus basalis has been reported, based on published literature, our own observations, personal communications from biologists, and online community science databases with verifiable photographs. Background map based on data collected by the NASA/JPL Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM).

Figure 12. Nests and egg masses. a, Egg mass within a silk nest. b, Female within a in Natural history of the agave jumping spider, Paraphidippus basalis (Araneae: Salticidae: Dendryphantina)

Figure 12. Nests and egg masses. a, Egg mass within a silk nest. b, Female within a silk nest containing an egg mass. c, Female that has left her nest and egg mass via the basal opening of the nest. d, Overall view of the nest with the egg mass visible as a round lump in the middle.