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opencc-by-4.0Oct 2020View details →

Fibronectin-Based Nanomechanical Biosensors to Map 3D Surface Strains in Live Cells and Tissue (Raw Data)

This is the raw microscope imaging data for the manuscript titled "Fibronectin-Based Nanomechanical Biosensors to Map 3D Surface Strains in Live Cells and Tissue."

Evening locomotor activity during stopover differs on pre-departure and departure days in free-living songbirds

The length of time songbirds remain at a migratory stopover site is likely regulated by a daily stay/go decision informed by fat stores and weather conditions, but the finer-scale timing of this decision and associated pre-departure behaviours are still poorly understood. Using automated radiotelemetry of free-living songbirds captured at a migratory stopover site in spring, we tested whether individuals change their locomotor activity near sunset on their migratory departure day compared to their non-departure days. To do so, we extracted precise transition times between diurnal activity and nocturnal inactivity, which always precedes departure, using changepoint analysis of radio transmission signal strength. Among four warbler species, individuals extended diurnal activity by 8-19 minutes towards sunset on their departure day. In three species, this extension was significant. In contrast, white-throated sparrows significantly shortened diurnal activity on their departure day by 13 min, also towards sunset. This is the first study to detect and quantify a change in locomotor activity schedule on departure versus non-departure days in free-living songbirds, and is consistent with the hypothesis that birds engage in pre-departure preparatory behaviours near sunset.

Data from: Estimating body mass of free-living whales using aerial photogrammetry and 3D volumetrics

1. Body mass is a key life history trait in animals. Despite being the largest animals on the planet, no method currently exists to estimate body mass of free-living whales. 2. We combined aerial photographs and historical catch records to estimate the body mass of free-living right whales (Eubalaena sp.). First, aerial photogrammetry from unmanned aerial vehicles was used to measure the body length, width (lateral distance) and height (dorso-ventral distance) of free-living southern right whales (E. australis; 48 calves, 7 juveniles and 31 lactating females). From these data, body volume was estimated by modelling the whales as a series of infinitely small ellipses. The body girth of the whales was next calculated at three measurement sites (across the pectoral fin, the umbilicus and the anus) and a linear model was developed to predict body volume from the body girth and length data. To obtain a volume-to-mass conversion factor, this model was then used to estimate the body volume of eight lethally caught North Pacific right whales (E. japonica), for which body mass was measured. This conversion factor was consequently used to predict the body mass of the free-living whales. 3. The cross-sectional body shape (height-width ratio) of the whales was slightly flattened dorso-ventrally at the anterior end of the body, almost circular in the mid region, and significantly flattened in the lateral plane across the posterior half of the body. Compared to a circular cross-sectional model, our body mass model incorporating body length, width and height improved mass estimates by up to 23.6% (mean=6.1%, SD=5.27). Our model had a mean error of only 1.6% (SD=0.012), compared to 9.5% (SD=7.68) for a simpler body length-to-mass model. The volume-to-mass conversion factor was estimated at 754.63kg m-3 (SD=50.03). Predicted body mass estimates were within a close range of existing body mass measurements. 4. We provide a non-invasive method to accurately estimate body mass of free-living whales while accounting for both their structural size (body length) and relative body condition (body width). Our approach can be directly applied to other marine mammals by adjusting the model parameters (body mass model script provided).

Endometrioma ethanol sclerotherapy could increase IVF live birth rate in women with moderate-severe endometriosis

Objective: To examine the impact of ethanol sclerotherapy (EST) for endometrioma on in vitro fertilization (IVF) cumulative live birth rates (CLBR) in women with moderate-severe endometriosis. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included women with moderate-severe endometriosis (revised American Fertility Society stage III-IV) and endometrioma who underwent IVF with the ultra-long agonist protocol. We compared two groups: women undergoing EST for endometrioma before IVF (EST group), and women whose endometrioma was left in situ during IVF (No-EST group). The primary outcome was the CLBR per IVF cycle, including fresh and frozen embryo transfers. The secondary endpoints included the complication rate, number of mature oocytes retrieved, clinical pregnancy rate and pregnancy loss rate. Results: Seventy-four women were included in the study, with 37 in the EST group and 37 in the No-EST group, representing 67 and 69 IVF cycles, respectively. The population and cycle characteristics were comparable between the two groups, especially the ovarian response to stimulation. The CLBR was significantly increased in the EST group compared to the No-EST group (31.3% vs. 14.5%, p = 0.03). The clinical and biochemical pregnancy rates were significantly increased in the EST group (37.3% vs. 15.9%, p = 0.01 and 43.3% vs. 23.2%, p = 0.01, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed a significantly increased chance of live birth in women exposed to EST before IVF with an adjusted OR of 2.68 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.13–6.36, p = 0.02). In the EST group, we reported one major complication Clavien and Dindo classification grade III, complication involving an ovarian abscess that required a laparoscopic drainage. Conclusions: EST is an interesting technique to improve IVF success rates in women with moderate-severe endometriosis. EST could be discussed before IVF in infertile women.

Experimentally measured group direct benefits according to worker density explain group living of the termite Reticulitermes chinensis

The evolution of cooperation requires more benefits of group living than solitary lifestyle. However, to some degree, our understanding about the benefits is hindered by abstract debates over theoretical and experimental evidences of individual selection or group selection because it is difficult to examine the actual benefits at the group level. Moreover, group density is a crucial ecological factor which deeply affects group reproduction and survival, few studies have been performed in social insects. Here, we study the effects of worker density on group direct benefits in the termite species Reticulitermes chinensis. The termite R. chinensis is an ideal model which lives with a high worker density in wood. We used the quantity of eggs and the total biomass (biomass of all group members) accumulation as two components of group benefits. We investigated the group benefits in the context of worker density according to eleven worker densities. And we measured the group benefits and the resource consumption with the same group members in two types of artificial nest areas. Moreover, we counted the stomodeal trophallaxis occurrences from any workers to queens under three worker densities to explore the degree of cooperation according to worker density. We found that both the number of eggs and the total biomass accumulation significantly increased with increasing worker density in groups. Furthermore, the consumption of resources was similar between groups with the same number of individuals gathered in small or large nest areas, but the production of eggs and the biomass accumulation were higher in groups of small nest areas than in large nest areas. Additionally, we found the stomodeal trophallaxis behavior significantly increased in higher worker density groups. Our results suggest that the group benefits influenced by the high worker density may at least partially explain the group living of eusocial insects in ecology.

opencc-zeroDec 2019View details →

Parasite infestation influences life-history but not boldness behavior in placental live-bearing fish

Parasites can negatively affect the reproductive success of hosts. Placental species may be particularly susceptible, because parasite-induced stress during pregnancy could potentially influence embryo development. Here we examine the consequences of a trematode infestation (black spot disease, BSD) for fetal development and adult behavior in 19 natural populations of the placental live-bearing fish species Poeciliopsis retropinna (Poeciliidae) in Costa Rica. First, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among populations which correlated with a number of local environmental conditions (elevation, river width, depth, and flow velocity). Furthermore, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among females within populations associated with maternal age and size. We found that the infestation rate significantly influenced embryonic development, with more heavily parasitized females producing smaller and worse-conditioned offspring at birth, possibly because a costly immune response during pregnancy limits, either directly or indirectly, nourishment to developing embryos. Finally, a behavioral experiment in the field showed that the infestation rate did not affect an individual's boldness. Our study indicates that in placental live-bearing fish parasite infestation leads to reduced embryo provisioning during pregnancy, resulting in a smaller offspring size and quality at birth potentially with negative implications for offspring fitness.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

The datasets for the paper "The long-lived and recent seismicity at the lunar Orientale basin: Evidence from morphology and formation ages of boulder avalanches, tectonics and seismic ground motion" JGR: Planets (e2020JE006553)

The datasets contain supporting files for the paper: Mohanty, R., Kumar, P.S., Raghukanth, S.T.G., & Lakshmi, K.J.P., (2020). The long-lived and recent seismicity at the lunar Orientale basin: Evidence from morphology and formation ages of boulder avalanches, tectonics and seismic ground motion, JGR: Planets, e2020JE006553.

opennotspecifiedNov 2020View details →

FIGURE 8. Living specimens. A. Lamispina polycerata n in Four new deep-water flabelligerid species from Pacific Costa Rica (Annelida Sedentaria, Flabelligeridae)

FIGURE 8. Living specimens. A. Lamispina polycerata n. sp., holotype (SIO A9842), anterior fragment, left lateral view. B. Same, posterior fragment, dorsal view. C. Saphobranchia canela n. sp., holotype (SIO A1332), dorsal view. D. Same, ventral view. E. Same, anterior end, frontal view (Br: branchia, Pa: palp). F. S. ilys n. sp., holotype (SIO A 9605), dorsal view. G. Same, ventral view. H. S. omorpha n. sp., holotype (SIO A9595), dorsal view. I. Same, ventral view. Scale bars: A, B: 1.0 mm; C, D: 2.2 mm; E: 0.4 mm; F, G: 3.5 mm; H, I: 3.7 mm (Photos: Greg Rouse).

opennotspecifiedNov 2020View details →

FIGURE 7. Hoplodoris, living specimens. A. Hoplodoris desmoparypha CASIZ 309550 in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE 7. Hoplodoris, living specimens. A. Hoplodoris desmoparypha CASIZ 309550, Palau; B. Hoplodoris balbon sp. nov. CASIZ 171406, Philippines; C. Hoplodoris rosans sp. nov. CASIZ 182837, Philippines, dorsal view; D. Hoplodoris rosans sp. nov. CASIZ 182837, Philippines, ventral view. Photos: (A, by Coral Reef Research Foundation), (B, by Marina Poddubetskaia), and (C–D, by Terry Gosliner).

opennotspecifiedNov 2020View details →

FIGURE 2. Asteronotus, living specimens. A in A tale of two genera: the revival of Hoplodoris (Nudibranchia: Discodorididae) with the description of new species of Hoplodoris and Asteronotus

FIGURE 2. Asteronotus, living specimens. A. Asteronotus markaensis sp. nov. CASIZ 192316A, Saudi Arabian Red Sea; B. Asteronotus spongicolus CASIZ 194597, Philippines; C. Asteronotus mimeticus CASIZ 208221, Philippines; D. Asteronotus namuro sp. nov. CASIZ 192297, Saudi Arabian Red Sea; E. Asteronotus hepaticus, uncollected. F. Asteronotus cespitosus CA- SIZ 177226, Philippines. Photos (A–D, F by Terry Gosliner) and (E by Alicia Hermosillo).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

ACE: Abstract Consensus Encapsulation for Liveness Boosting of State Machine Replication (video)

Full video presentation of the paper: ACE: Abstract Consensus Encapsulation for Liveness Boosting of State Machine Replication. Appears in Session 3 of the 24th International Conference on Principles of Distributed Systems OPODIS 2020 <a href="https://opodis2020.unistra.fr">https://opodis2020.unistra.fr</a>

Datasets used for the publication: State-dependence explains individual variation in nest defence behaviour in a long-lived bird

The uploaded datasets were used to test if variation in states predicts nest defence behaviour (a 'risky' behaviour) in a long-lived species, the barnacle goose (Branta leucopsis). Repeated measures of nest defence towards a human intruder (flight initiation distance or FID) of females of known age were collected during 15 breeding seasons. Increasing values of FID represent increasing shyness. Adaptive models have predicted that an individual's residual reproductive value or 'asset' is an important state variable underlying variation in such risk-taking behaviour. Hence, we used this data to investigate how nest defence varies as a function of time of the season and individual age, two state variables that can vary between and within individuals and determine asset.

Supplementary material 3 from: Duron Q, Cornulier T, Vidal E, Bourguet E, Ruffino L (2020) Combining live and lethal trapping to inform the management of alien invasive rodent populations in a tropical montane forest. NeoBiota 63: 101-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.53811

Mean distances (± se) of trapped rats from the edge of the removal area during the four trapping sessions

Supplementary material 4 from: Duron Q, Cornulier T, Vidal E, Bourguet E, Ruffino L (2020) Combining live and lethal trapping to inform the management of alien invasive rodent populations in a tropical montane forest. NeoBiota 63: 101-125. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.63.53811

Distances (in meters) travelled between rats' home range centers in the CMR area and their recapture in the removal area for 27 individuals

opennotspecifiedDec 2020View details →

FIGURE 21. Habitat and live insects. A in Studies on Neotropical Phasmatodea XXIV: Andeocalynda n. gen., a new genus of Andean stick insects, with the descriptions of nine new species from Colombia and Ecuador (Phasmatodea: "Anareolatae": Diapheromeridae: Diapheromerinae)

FIGURE 21. Habitat and live insects. A. Moist and cloudy dwarf forest in El Cajas National Park, near Cuenca at ca. 3100 m; B. ♀ PT of Andeocalynda decorata n. sp. at the type-locality [coll. FH, No. 0519-1]; C. Mating couple of Andeocalynda tenuis n. sp. at the type-locality, the ♀ feeding on the unidentified host plant [coll. OC]; D. ♂ PT of Andeocalynda tenuis n. sp. on one of it's unidentified host plants [coll. FH, No. 0518-2].

Age-related reproductive performance of the Adélie Penguin, a long-lived seabird exhibiting similar outcomes regardless of individual life-history strategy

1. Age-related variation in reproductive performance in long-lived iteroparous vertebrate species is common, with performance being influenced by within-individual processes, such as improvement and senescence, in combination with among-individual processes, such as selective appearance and disappearance. Few studies of age-related reproductive performance have compared the role of these drivers within a metapopulation, subject to varying degrees of resource competition. 2. We accounted for within- and among-individuals changes among known-aged Adélie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) during 17 years (1997 to 2013), at three clustered colonies of disparate size, to understand patterns in age-related reproductive success during early and late adulthood. 3. Age at first reproduction (AFR) was lowest, and number of breeding attempts highest, at the largest colony. Regardless of AFR, success improved with early post-recruitment experience. For both oldest and youngest recruitment groups, peak performance occurred at the end of their reproductive lifespan indicating a possible cost of reproduction. Intermediate recruitment groups reached peak performance in their mid-reproductive lifespan and with intermediate breeding experience, before decreasing. Breeding success was lowest for the initial breeding attempt regardless of AFR, but we observed subsequent variation relative to recruitment age. Gaining experience by delaying recruitment positively influenced reproductive performance early in the reproductive lifespan, and was most evident for the youngest breeders. Oldest recruits had the highest initial and peak breeding success. Differences in AFR resulted in tradeoffs in reproductive lifespan or timing of senescence but not in the overall number of breeding attempts. 4. Patterns differed as a function of colony size, and thus competition for resources. Early life improvement in performance at the larger colonies was primarily due to within-individual factors and at the largest colony, AFR. Regardless of colony size late-life performance was positively related to the age at last reproduction, indicating selective disappearance of lower performing individuals. 5. These results highlight that different life-history strategies were equally successful, indicating that individuals can overcome potential tradeoffs associated with early- and late-life performance. These results have important implications for understanding the evolution of life-history strategies responsible for driving population change.

opennotspecifiedDec 2020View details →

FIGURES 7–12. Thiodina spp. live specimens. 7–8 T in New species and records of thiodinines from North and South America (Araneae Salticidae: Salticinae: Thiodinini)

FIGURES 7–12. Thiodina spp. live specimens. 7–8 T. perian Bustamante & Ruiz, 2017 (7 male, 8 female); 9–10 T. camilae sp. nov. (9 male, 10 female); 11–12 T. tyrioni sp. nov. (11 male, 12 female). © W.P. Maddison, under a Creative Common Atribution 4.0 international licence.

opennotspecifiedDec 2020View details →

FIGURE 1. Sahastata spp., living specimens. A–B S in On Sahastata (Araneae: Filistatidae): complementary description of the generotype and two new species from Oman and Morocco

FIGURE 1. Sahastata spp., living specimens. A–B S. nigra (Simon, 1897) from Jebel Shams, Oman, male (A) and female (B); C–D S. wesolowskae sp. nov. from Salalah, Oman, male holotype (C) and female (D); S. wunderlichi sp. nov. from Zag, Morocco, male (E) and female (F). Scale bars: 10 mm (except E, 5 mm).

opennotspecifiedSep 2020View details →

FIGURES 1–9. Seoda cavernicola. 1 in Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) living in the dark of caves in the Dinaric Karst

FIGURES 1–9. Seoda cavernicola. 1. Eyebridge of holotype. 2–3. Eyebridges of 2♂ paratypes. 4. Scape, pedicel, 1st and 2nd flagellomeres. 5. Basal palpus segment. 6. Wing. 7. Hypandrium, styles and aedeagus ventral view. 8. Epandrium, epandrial processes and proctiger, ventral view. 9. Basiphallus sclerite and dorsal parameral bridge with 'furca', ventral view. Scale: 1.0 mm (6), 0.1 mm (1–4, 7–9), 0.05 mm (5).