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Subspecies and Distribution. G.c.camelopardalisLinnaeus,1758—ESudanandWEthiopia. G.c.angolensisLydekkcr,1903-NNamibia,SZambia,NBotswana,andNWZimbabwe. G.c.antiquorumJardine,1835-SChad,Genua]AfricanRepublic,andNEDRCongo. G.c.giraffaSchreber.1784-SWMozambique,SZimbabwe,andSouthAfrica. G.c.peraltaThomas,1898-WAfrica. G.c.reticulataDeWinton,1899-SEthiopia,SWSomalia,andNKenya. G.c.rothschildiLydekker,1903-SSudan.NUganda,andWKenya. G.c.tippelskirchiMatschie,1898-SKenyaandTanzania. G. c. thornicrofti Lydekker, 1911 -Zambia (Luangwa Valley). in Giraffidae

Subspecies and Distribution. G.c.camelopardalisLinnaeus,1758—ESudanandWEthiopia. G.c.angolensisLydekkcr,1903-NNamibia,SZambia,NBotswana,andNWZimbabwe. G.c.antiquorumJardine,1835-SChad,Genua]AfricanRepublic,andNEDRCongo. G.c.giraffaSchreber.1784-SWMozambique,SZimbabwe,andSouthAfrica. G.c.peraltaThomas,1898-WAfrica. G.c.reticulataDeWinton,1899-SEthiopia,SWSomalia,andNKenya. G.c.rothschildiLydekker,1903-SSudan.NUganda,andWKenya. G.c.tippelskirchiMatschie,1898-SKenyaandTanzania. G. c. thornicrofti Lydekker, 1911 -Zambia (Luangwa Valley).

Distribution. Discontinuous and limited to wetland environments in SE Sudan, perhaps the Rift Valley of Ethiopia, W Kenya surrounding Lake Victoria (two locations, very rare), Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, NW Tanzania, and NE DR Congo. Maps and distributional information here are provisional pending future research. in Bovidae

Distribution. Discontinuous and limited to wetland environments in SE Sudan, perhaps the Rift Valley of Ethiopia, W Kenya surrounding Lake Victoria (two locations, very rare), Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, NW Tanzania, and NE DR Congo. Maps and distributional information here are provisional pending future research.

Distribution. The Gedemsa is now restricted to five isolated locations in the Bale and Arsi Mt ranges of SC Ethiopia, S and SE of the Rift Valley. in Bovidae

Distribution. The Gedemsa is now restricted to five isolated locations in the Bale and Arsi Mt ranges of SC Ethiopia, S and SE of the Rift Valley.

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest. in Suidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. s. scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 — W Europe, from Denmark, Germany, Poland, and Czech Republic to N Italy and N Iberian Peninsula; possibly also Albania. The taxonomic status of animals in Austria, Switzerland, Slovenia, and Slovakia is unclear but presumably these populations are included in scrofa, as are the populations of Sweden, Finland, and the Baltic states. However, restocking of once depleted populations, for example in Italy, has likely involved the introduction and mixing of this subspecies with other subspecies, such as attila. S. s. affinis Gray, 1847 — S India and Sri Lanka. S. s. algirus Loche, 1867 — Tunisia, Algeria, and Morocco, on the coastal side of the mountains or in the low montane areas. S. s. attila Thomas, 1912 — Hungary, Ukraine, C & S Belarus, Romania, Moldova, and S Russia towards the N flank of the Caucasus, but not including the Transcaucasian countries of Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. The range possibly extends as far S as the Mesopotamian Delta in Iraq, in which case it would likely include W & SW Iran, and possibly E Turkey and Syria, where it borders with lybicus. Such a range could not be easily reconciled with a statement by Groves that "the difference between pigs from N and S of the Caucasus is quite striking; Transcaucasian boars are certainly not attila." This subspecies may also extend into C Asia and include Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan, but no data exist to support this. S. s. baeticus Thomas, 1912 — originally described from Coto Donana, S Spain, and later merged with meridionalis; also S Portugal. Unless evidence is found that these Italian and Iberian populations are the relics of a much larger formerly contiguous range, this subspecies should be kept as distinct. S. s. coreanus Heude, 1897 — Korean Peninsula. S. s. eristatus Wagner, 1839 — Himalayas S to C India and E to Indochina (N of the Kra Isthmus). S. s. davidi Groves, 1981 — the arid zone from E Iran to Gujarat, including Pakistan and NW India, and perhaps N to Tajikistan. S. s. leucomystax Temminck, 1842 — main Is ofJapan (Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Nakadori, Hiburijima, Tojima, Kushima, and other smaller Is). S. s. lybicus Gray, 1868 — Bulgaria, Greece, Turkey, Syria, Jordan, Israel, Palestine, in the past also in Lybia, and Egypt. The former Yugoslavia was included in its range, which would suggest that now Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, and Kosovo are within the range of this subspecies, although the exact boundaries are unclear. Pigs from Albania have been assigned to S. s. scrofa. S. s. majori De Beaux & Festa, 1927 — C & S Italian Peninsula. S. s. menidionalis Forsyth Major, 1882 — Corsica and Sardinia, with the proviso that the two populations are very likely to be introduced or feral. S. s. moupinensis Milne-Edwards, 1871 — China, S to Vietnam and W to Sichuan. S. s. nigripes Blanford, 1875 — the flanks of the Tianshan mountains in Kyrgyzstan and NW China (Xinjiang). An animal photographed in NE Iran (Golestan) looked like this subspecies. S. s. nukiuanus Kuroda, 1924 — Iriomote, Ishigaki, Okinawa, Tokunoshima, Amamioshima, and Kakerome Is in the Ryukyu chain in extreme S Japan, though some of these populations have hybridized with introduced domesticates. S. s. sibiricus Staffe, 1922 — Mongolia and Transbaikal (S & E of Lake Baikal). S. s. tawvanus Swinhoe, 1863 — Taiwan. S. s. ussuricus Heude, 1888 — far E Russia and the Manchurian region (China). Korean populations were previously included in this subspecies, but based on new evidence, the Korean taxon seems more similar to moupinensis. S. s. vittatus Boie, 1828 — Malay Peninsula, S of the Isthmus of Kra, the offshore islands of Terutai and Langkawi, Sumatra, Riau Archipelago, Java, Bali, and a range of smaller islands around these, including Babi, Bakong, Batam, Bawean, Bengkalis, Bintan, Bulan, Bunguran, Cuyo, Deli, Durian, Enggano, Galang, Jambongan, Karimon (Riau Is), Kundur, Lagong, Laut, Lingga, Lingung, Mapor, Moro Kecil, North Pagai, Nias, Panaitan, Payong, Penang, Pinie, Rupat, Siantan, Siberut, Simeulue, Singkep, Sugi, Sugi Bawa, Telibon, Tinggi, Tuangku, and the Tambelan Is. This species was originally present from the British Is in the extreme W, through Eurasia from S Scandinavia to S Siberia, extending as far E as Korea and Japan, and SE into some of the Sunda Is and Taiwan. In the S the species ranged along the Nile Valley to Khartoum, and N of the Sahara in Africa, more orless following the continental coasts of S, E, and SE Asia. Within this range it was absent only from extremely dry deserts, e.g. the driest regions of Mongolia and in China W of Sichuan; and alpine zones, such as the high altitudes of Pamir and Tien Shan. In recent centuries, the range of S. scrofa has changed dramatically because of hunting and changes in available habitat. The species disappeared from the British Is in the 17" century, from Denmark in the 19" century, and was greatly reduced in range and numbers in the 20" century from areas as distant as Tunisia, Sudan, Germany, and Russia. Following these severe declines, there were some slight population recoveries in Russia, Italy, Spain, and Germany in the mid-20™ century, and natural and assisted range expansions in Denmark and Sweden. The species has also been inadvertently reintroduced in various locations in the Great Britain via escapees of mixed origin from commercial farming enterprises. Ex-S. scrofa stocks also occur as introduced feral populations in various other parts of the world, including Australia, New Zealand, the eastern Malay Archipelago, and in North, Central, and South America. In all of these areas they are now generally recognized as a major pest.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

dryad32/100

Atmospheric pollutant concentrations and leaf chemistry variables collected along gradients of median household income and traffic density in Salt Lake Valley, UT

We utilize traffic density and Convolvulus arvensis leaf chemistry to understand spatial patterns linking atmospheric pollution and household income in the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, USA. We hypothesize that traffic density will explain variation in atmospheric NOx and O3 concentrations. In addition, we expect foliar %N and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ15N) to be elevated and carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) to be depleted on high traffic density roads. These hypotheses were supported: we found the highest NOx and lowest O3 concentrations on high-traffic density roads. Also, NOx concentrations were higher in low-income neighborhoods. Low-income neighborhoods contained a greater density of high-traffic roads than high-income neighborhoods. Foliar %N was highest in low-income neighborhoods and was correlated with NOx and O3, while δ15N was more depleted with increasing O3. These findings indicate that the distribution of high-traffic density roads plays a significant role in inequities in pollution exposure between high- and low-income neighborhoods, which is reflected in leaf chemistry.

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. A. h. hybridus 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1829 — N Colombia (from the right bank of the Rio Magdalena, N to the S slopes of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the N of the Serrania de Perija, and in the middle Rio Magdalena Valley at least to the departments of Caldas and Cundinamarca; two populations on the slopes of the Cordillera Oriental on the Venezuelan border (one in the Rio Catatumbo watershed in the Norte de Santander Department and the other in the NE piedmont forest in Arauca Department) and N & NW Venezuela (along the SE part of the Cordillera de la Costa in the states of Miranda and probably Vargas, and on both sides of the Venezuelan Andesin the states of Zulia, Tachira, Mérida, Trujillo, Portuguesa, Apure, and Barinas, in the E in the piedmont and lowland forests of San Camilo and Ticoporo, and in the Win the piedmont forest around S Lake Maracaibo to the Sierra de Perija). A. h. brunneus Gray, 1871 — N Colombia in the departments of Antioquia, Bolivar, and Caldas, between the lower rios Cauca and Magdalena. in Atelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. h. hybridus 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1829 — N Colombia (from the right bank of the Rio Magdalena, N to the S slopes of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and the N of the Serrania de Perija, and in the middle Rio Magdalena Valley at least to the departments of Caldas and Cundinamarca; two populations on the slopes of the Cordillera Oriental on the Venezuelan border (one in the Rio Catatumbo watershed in the Norte de Santander Department and the other in the NE piedmont forest in Arauca Department) and N & NW Venezuela (along the SE part of the Cordillera de la Costa in the states of Miranda and probably Vargas, and on both sides of the Venezuelan Andesin the states of Zulia, Tachira, Mérida, Trujillo, Portuguesa, Apure, and Barinas, in the E in the piedmont and lowland forests of San Camilo and Ticoporo, and in the Win the piedmont forest around S Lake Maracaibo to the Sierra de Perija). A. h. brunneus Gray, 1871 — N Colombia in the departments of Antioquia, Bolivar, and Caldas, between the lower rios Cauca and Magdalena.

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

Subspecies and Distribution. A. g. geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820 — S & SE Nicaragua (coastal region around San Juan del Norte or Martina Bay, probably ranging across the lowlands to the vicinity of Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua on the Pacific coast); possibly in N Costa Rica. A. g. azuerensis Bole, 1937 — SC Panama, known only from the forested mountains of the W side of the Azuero Peninsula (Veraguas Province) in the vicinity of Ponuga, where it appears to be isolated; it may also occur to the W along the Pacific coastto the Burica Peninsula, near the Panamanian and Costa Rican border. A. g. frontatus Gray, 1842 — N & W Nicaragua and NW Costa Rica. A. g. grisescens Gray, 1866 — S Panama along the Pacific coast in the valley of the Rio Tuyra and SE through the Serrania del Sapo of extreme SE Panama into the Cordillera de Baudo of NW Colombia. A. g. ornatus Gray, 1871 — C & E Costa Rica, and Panama (from Chiriqui Province to the Serrania de San Blas E of the Canal Zone). A. g. vellerosus Gray, 1866 — E & SE Mexico (E San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Tabasco, E Oaxaca, and Chiapas states), Guatemala (including the highlands), El Salvador, and Honduras (along the N coastto the lowlands of La Mosquitia in Gracias a Dios Department). A. g. yucatanensis Kellogg & Goldman, 1944 — SE Mexico (forests of the Yucatan Peninsula), NE Guatemala, and adjoining parts of Belize; intergrading in S Mexico (Campeche State) and Guatemala with vellerosus. in Atelidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. g. geoffroyi Kuhl, 1820 — S & SE Nicaragua (coastal region around San Juan del Norte or Martina Bay, probably ranging across the lowlands to the vicinity of Lake Managua and Lake Nicaragua on the Pacific coast); possibly in N Costa Rica. A. g. azuerensis Bole, 1937 — SC Panama, known only from the forested mountains of the W side of the Azuero Peninsula (Veraguas Province) in the vicinity of Ponuga, where it appears to be isolated; it may also occur to the W along the Pacific coastto the Burica Peninsula, near the Panamanian and Costa Rican border. A. g. frontatus Gray, 1842 — N & W Nicaragua and NW Costa Rica. A. g. grisescens Gray, 1866 — S Panama along the Pacific coast in the valley of the Rio Tuyra and SE through the Serrania del Sapo of extreme SE Panama into the Cordillera de Baudo of NW Colombia. A. g. ornatus Gray, 1871 — C & E Costa Rica, and Panama (from Chiriqui Province to the Serrania de San Blas E of the Canal Zone). A. g. vellerosus Gray, 1866 — E & SE Mexico (E San Luis Potosi, Veracruz, Tabasco, E Oaxaca, and Chiapas states), Guatemala (including the highlands), El Salvador, and Honduras (along the N coastto the lowlands of La Mosquitia in Gracias a Dios Department). A. g. yucatanensis Kellogg & Goldman, 1944 — SE Mexico (forests of the Yucatan Peninsula), NE Guatemala, and adjoining parts of Belize; intergrading in S Mexico (Campeche State) and Guatemala with vellerosus.

opennotspecifiedMar 2013View details →

Distribution. SE Brazil (states of Parana & Sao Paulo), on Superagti I, and on the mainland in parts of the valleys of the rios Sebui and dos Patos; its entire distribution is less than 300 km?®. in Callitrichiade

Distribution. SE Brazil (states of Parana & Sao Paulo), on Superagti I, and on the mainland in parts of the valleys of the rios Sebui and dos Patos; its entire distribution is less than 300 km?®.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Marikina Valley Fault Creeping Segment (Philippines) - Groundwater Extraction Data

This dataset contain information on groundwater extraction for different well locations along the creeping segment of the Marikina Valley Fault System (Philippines).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Uncertainties of monthly discharge data and parameters for the ungauged catchments of the Ethiopian Rift Valley Lake Basin (RVLB)

In this study to quantify the uncertainty of the regionalization procedure, we apply all 14 regionalized models that were created for the leave-one-out evaluation to the ungauged catchments. With this regard, an ensemble of 14 predicted streamflow time series is produced for each ungauged catchment to reflect the regionalization uncertainty. The entire procedures used to create the dataset are provided within the manuscript. We provide the summary of the data below: 1) We provided the Uncertainties of Monthly Discharge simulation for the ungauged catchments obtained from the regionalization. The data is provided by excel file as Uncertainties_of_Monthly_Discharge_Ungauged.xlsx. This file contains 35 sheets for the 35 ungauged catchment, and 14 prediction intervals (ensembles) on each sheet. The data ranges from 1995-2007 on a monthly scale and contains 156-row values for the 13-year simulation periods. 2) We also provided the Uncertainties of parameters for the ungauged catchments. The data is prepared in the file (Uncertainties_of_parameters_ungauged_catchments.xlsx), which contains 9 parameters for the 14-prediction interval. These parameter values are saved in 35 sheets representing the 35 ungauged catchments in the order 1 to 35. The order of parameters is shown in Table 3 of the manuscript.

FIGURES 34–35 in Notes on the genus Lethe Hübner, 1819 from Nujiang valley, Yunnan, China, with description of a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURES 34–35. Habitat and distribution map of Lethe laodamia sspp. 34, habitat of Lethe laodamia murasameae ssp. nov. in Gongshan county; 35, distribution map of Lethe laodamia sspp., records are taken from Bozano (1999), Lang (2017) and the present study.

FIGURES 21–28 in Notes on the genus Lethe Hübner, 1819 from Nujiang valley, Yunnan, China, with description of a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURES 21–28. Male of Lethe spp. 21–22, Lethe liae, holotype, Gongshan, Yunnan, by courtesy of Mr. Hao Huang; 23–24, L. liae, Gongshan, Yunnan, NJ4 (CQMNH); 25–26, L. umedai albofasciata; Dulongjiang, Yunnan, SATY0512 (CLSY); 27–28, L. langsongyuni, holotype, Weixi, Yunnan (SCAU). Scale=10 mm.

FIGURES 29–33 in Notes on the genus Lethe Hübner, 1819 from Nujiang valley, Yunnan, China, with description of a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURES 29–33. Male genitalia of Lethe spp. 29, Lethe liae, NJ4; 30, L. liae, holotype, by courtesy of Mr. Hao Huang; 31, L. umedai albofasciata; SATY0512; 32, L. langsongyuni, holotype; a=genitalia capsule in lateral view with left valva removed; b=aedeagus in lateral view; c=aedeagus in dorsal view; d=tip of left valva in dorsal view; 33, Dorsal view of the genitalia capsule of Lethe spp., a: Lethe liae, NJ4; b: L. umedai albofasciata; SATY0512; c: L. langsongyuni, holotype. Scale=1 mm, for figures 29, 31–33.

FIGURES 1–10 in Notes on the genus Lethe Hübner, 1819 from Nujiang valley, Yunnan, China, with description of a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURES 1–10. Male of Lethe laodamia sspp. 1–2, Lethe laodamia murasameae ssp. n., holotype, Gongshan, Yunnan, NJ6 (CQMNH); 3–4, L. laodamia murasameae ssp. n., paratype, Gongshan, Yunnan (CQMNH); 5–6, L. laodamia murasameae ssp. n., paratype, Gongshan, Yunnan, NJ5 (CQMNH); 7–8, L. laodamia laodamia, Mt. Fanjing, Guizhou, SATY0460 (CQMNH); 9–10, L. laodamia laodamia, Mt. Fanjing, Guizhou, SATY0450 (CLSY). Scale=10 mm.

FIGURES 17–20 in Notes on the genus Lethe Hübner, 1819 from Nujiang valley, Yunnan, China, with description of a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURES 17–20. Male genitalia of Lethe laodamia sspp. 17, Lethe laodamia murasameae ssp. n., holotype, NJ6 (CQMNH); 18, L. laodamia murasameae ssp. n., paratype, NJ5 (CQMNH); 19, L. laodamia laodamia, SATY0460 (CLSY); 20, L. laodamia laodamia, SATY0450 (CLSY). Scale=1 mm.

FIGURES 11–16 in Notes on the genus Lethe Hübner, 1819 from Nujiang valley, Yunnan, China, with description of a new subspecies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Satyrinae)

FIGURES 11–16. Female of Lethe laodamia sspp. 11–12, Lethe laodamia murasameae ssp. n., Gongshan, Yunnan, paratype (CQMNH); 13–14, L. laodamia murasameae ssp. n., Gongshan, Yunnan, paratype (CQMNH); 15–16, L. laodamia laodamia, Foping, Shaanxi (CLSY). Scale=10 mm.

FIGURE 2. A in Swertia kashmirensis, a new species from Bangus Valley of Kashmir Himalaya, India

FIGURE 2. A—Habit of Swertia kashmirensis; B—Rhizome; C—Lower petiolate cauline leaves; D—Series of upper sessile cauline leaves; E—Flower; F—Sepal (ventral side); G—Sepal (dorsal side); H—Petal with pair of fimbriate nectary (ventral side); I—Petal (dorsal side); J—Nectary with fimbriae at base; K—Stamen with obovate and dorsifixed anther; L—Carpel with bifid stigma; M—Fruit formation; N—Capsule and O—Seeds.

FIGURE 3 in Swertia kashmirensis, a new species from Bangus Valley of Kashmir Himalaya, India

FIGURE 3. Comparison of distinguishing characters between Swertia kashmirensis (A–I) and S. thomsonii (J–R): A & J—Cauline leaves; B & K—Flower; C & L—Pedicel; D & M—Corolla lobe; E & N—Pair of fimbriate nectary on corolla lobe; F, G & O, P—Stamen; H & Q—Capsule; I & R—Seeds.

FIGURE 1. A in Swertia kashmirensis, a new species from Bangus Valley of Kashmir Himalaya, India

FIGURE 1. A–—Map showing distribution of Swertia kashmirensis (diamond shape) and S. thomsonii (circle shape) in Kashmir Himalaya; B—Habit and habitat of S. kashmirensis (Bangus, Kupwara); C—Holotype of S. kashmirensis (KASH 4259); D—Habit and habitat of S. thomsonii (Gulmarg, Baramulla); E—Voucher specimen of S. thomsonii (KASH 4258).