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Fig. 14 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 14. Pictorial key for the comparison of the species of genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (coarctata group) based on the female anterior region, tail region, male tail region (lateral and ventral views) and spicules (distally fused). Scale bars = 20 μm.
Fig. 15 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 15. Cladistic analysis of the species of genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (coarctata goup) indicating the position of the new species P. indica sp. nov., P. adeeli sp. nov. and P. paratretzeli sp. nov. within the genus. The evolutionary history was inferred in MrBayes ver. 3.1.2 (Huelsenbeck & Ronquist 2001) by using the Jukes Cantor (JC) model. The phylogenetic tree is supported by posterior probability values with minimum 50% majority rules.
Fig. 9 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 9. Pelodera paratretzeli sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera paratretzeli sp. nov./ HS/AL/ST/BS/2–12). A. En face view (scanning electron microscopy). B. Anterior region (scanning electron microscopy). C. Anterior end. D. Anterior pharyngeal region. E–F. Posterior pharyngeal region. G. Reflexed testis. H–J. Posterior region (lateral view). K. Posterior region (scanning electron microscopy). Scale bars = 10 μm.
Fig. 8 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 8. Pelodera paratretzeli sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera paratretzeli sp. nov./ HS/AL/ST/BS/2–12). A. En face view (scanning electron microscopy). B. Anterior region (scanning electron microscopy). C–D. Anterior end. E. Anterior pharyngeal region. F. Posterior pharyngeal region. G–H. Female genital branch. I. Vulval region (scanning electron microscopy). J. Tail region (scanning electron microscopy). K. Posterior region. Scale bars = 10 μm.
Fig. 5 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 5. Pelodera adeeli sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera adeeli sp. nov./NIT/ rpt/2–10). A–B. En face view (scanning electron microscopy). C. Anterior end. D. Anterior pharyngeal region. E–F. Posterior pharyngeal region. G. Reproductive system. H. Distal parts of ovaries. I. Vulval region (scanning electron microscopy). J. Tail region (scanning electron microscopy). K. Tail with old cuticle. L. Cuticular markings (scanning electron microscopy). Scale bars = 10 μm.
Fig. 2 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 2. Pelodera indica sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera indica sp. nov./NIT/ ctrs/2–15). A–B. En face view (scanning electron microscopy). C. Anterior end. D. Posterior pharyngeal region. E. Vulval region with anterior genital branch (lateral view). F. Anterior genital branch. G. Posterior genital branch. H. Vulval region. I–J. Tail. Scale bars = 10 μm.
Fig. 13 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 13. Map showing worldwide distribution of the species of genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (coarctata goup) in countries like Algeria, Australia, Germany, Georgia, Hungary, India, Lithuania, Russia, United Kingdom, Uzbekistan, etc.
Fig. 11. Pelodera cylindrica Cobb, 1898 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 11. Pelodera cylindrica Cobb, 1898, female (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera cylindrica/HL/AL/ ST/SM/1–10). A–B. En face view (scanning electron microscopy). C–E. Anterior end. F–G. Anterior pharyngeal region. H–I. Posterior pharyngeal region. J. Distal end of anterior and posterior genital branches. K. Vulval region (scanning electron microscopy). L. Uterine region. M–O. Tail end. Scale bars = 10 μm.
Fig. 7 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 7. Pelodera paratretzeli sp. nov., paratypes (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera paratretzeli sp. nov./ HS/AL/ST/BS/2–12). A. Entire female. B. Entire male. C. Female pharyngeal region. D. Female anterior end. E. Male anterior end. F. Female reproductive system. G. Female posterior region (lateral view). H. Male posterior region (lateral view).
Fig. 12. Pelodera cylindrica Cobb, 1898 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 12. Pelodera cylindrica Cobb, 1898, male (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera cylindrica/HL/AL/ ST/SM/1–10). A–C. En face view (scanning electron microscopy). D. Anterior end. E–F. Anterior pharyngeal region. G. Posterior pharyngeal region. H. Body region showing large excretory gland cell. I. Reflexed testis. J–L. Posterior region (lateral view). M. Posterior region (ventral view). N–Q. Posterior region (scanning electron microscopy). Scale bars = 10 μm.
Fig. 4 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 4. Pelodera adeeli sp. nov., paratypes (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera adeeli sp. nov./NIT/ rpt/2–10). A. Entire female. B. Entire male. C–D. Female anterior end. E. Male lip region. F. Female pharyngeal region. G. Female reproductive system. H. Female posterior region. I. Male posterior region (lateral view). J. Male posterior region (ventral view). Scale bars = 25 μm.
Fig. 6 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 6. Pelodera adeeli sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera adeeli sp. nov./NIT/ rpt/2–10). A. Anterior end. B. En face view (scanning electron microscopy). C. Pharyngeal region. D. Reflexed part of testis. E. Ejaculatory gland. F–H. Posterior region (lateral view). I. Posterior region (ventral view). J–L. Posterior region (scanning electron microscopy). Scale bars = 10 μm.
Fig. 3 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 3. Pelodera indica sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera indica sp. nov./NIT/ ctrs/2–15). A. Anterior region (scanning electron microscopy). B. Anterior end. C. Anterior pharyngeal region. D. Posterior pharyngeal region. E. Ovarian flexure of anterior genital branch. F–H. Posterior region showing spicules and gubernaculum. I–L. Tail region showing bursa and genital papillae (scanning electron microscopy). Scale bars = 10 μm.
Fig. 10. Pelodera cylindrica Cobb, 1898 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 10. Pelodera cylindrica Cobb, 1898 (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera cylindrica/HL/AL/ST/ SM/1–10). A. Entire female. B. Entire male. C–F. Female anterior end. G. Male anterior end. H. Female reproductive system. I. Female tail (lateral view). J. Male tail (lateral view). K. Male tail (ventral view).
Fig. 1 in Comparative and cladistic analyses of the species of the genus Pelodera Schneider, 1866 (Rhabditidae: Nematoda) belonging to the coarctata group
Fig. 1. Pelodera indica sp. nov., paratypes (AMU/ZD/NC slide no. Pelodera indica sp. nov./NIT/ ctrs/2–15). A. Entire female. B. Entire male. C. Female anterior region. D. Female pharyngeal region. E. Female reproductive system. F. Female posterior region. G. Male posterior region (lateral view). H. Male posterior region (ventral view). I. Spicule (lateral view). Scale bars = 25 μm.
Data from: A user-friendly guide to using distance measures to compare time series in ecology
<p>Time series are a critical component of ecological analysis, used to track changes in biotic and abiotic variables. Information can be extracted from the properties of time series for tasks such as classification (e.g. assigning species to individual bird calls); clustering (e.g. clustering similar responses in population dynamics to abrupt changes in the environment or management interventions); prediction (e.g. accuracy of model predictions to original time series data); and anomaly detection (e.g. detecting possible catastrophic events from population time series). These common tasks in ecological research rely on the notion of (dis-) similarity, which can be determined using distance measures. A plethora of distance measures have been described, predominantly in the computer and information sciences, but many have not been introduced to ecologists. Furthermore, little is known about how to select appropriate distance measures for time-series-related tasks. Therefore, many potential applications remain unexplored.</p> <p>Here we describe 16 properties of distance measures that are likely to be of importance to a variety of ecological questions involving time series. We then test 42 distance measures for each property and use the results to develop an objective method to select appropriate distance measures for any task and ecological dataset. We demonstrate our selection method by applying it to a set of real-world data on breeding bird populations in the UK and discuss other potential applications for distance measures, along with associated technical issues common in ecology.</p> <p>Our real-world population trends exhibit a common challenge for time series comparisons: a high level of stochasticity. We demonstrate two different ways of overcoming this challenge, first by selecting distance measures with properties that make them well-suited to comparing noisy time series, and second by applying a smoothing algorithm before selecting appropriate distance measures. In both cases, the distance measures chosen through our selection method are not only fit-for-purpose but are consistent in their rankings of the population trends.</p> <p>The results of our study should lead to an improved understanding of, and greater scope for, the use of distance measures for comparing ecological time series, and help us answer new ecological questions.</p>
ChatGPT's performance in dentistry and allergy-immunology assessments: a comparative study
<p>Data on ChatGPT 3's and ChatGPT 4's performance on self-assessment questions for dentistry (SFLEDM) and allergy and clinical immunology (EEAACI), sourced from the University of Bern’s Institute for Medical Education platform.</p>
Comparative seagulls of gut microbiota by using metagenomics and 16S rDNA sequencing
<p><span>Shotgun</span><span> metagenomic and 16S rDNA sequencing are commonly used methods to identify the taxonomic composition of microbial communities. </span><span>We compared the metagenome and 16S rDNA amplicon results to demonstrate the features of this animal. </span><span>In general, </span><span>relatively </span><span>consistent patterns and reliability could be identified by both sequencing methods, but the results varied </span><span>following </span><span>the refinement of taxonomic levels. </span><span>Metagenomic </span><span>sequencing was more suitable for the discovery and detection of pathogenic bacteria of gut microbiota in seagulls.</span><span> Although there were large differences in the numbers and abundance of </span><span>bacterial </span><span>species of</span><span> the</span><span> two methods in terms of taxonomic levels, the patterns and reliability results of </span><span>the </span><span>samples were consistent.</span></p>
Figure 18 in Comparative osteological study of three species of distinct genera of Haplotilapiini (Cichlidae)
Figure 18. – Third vertebra: cranial (A-C) and left lateral (D-F) view of the third vertebra of S. galilaeus, O. niloticus and C. zillii. Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 13 in Comparative osteological study of three species of distinct genera of Haplotilapiini (Cichlidae)
Figure 13. – Supracleithrum: lateral view of the left supracleithrum of S. galilaeus, O. niloticus and C. zillii. Scale bar = 1 cm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.