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1,913 results for “Morphological characters”
Figure 26 from: Gosik R, Skuhrovec J, Caldara R, Toševski I (2020) Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels. ZooKeys 939: 87-165. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612
Figure 26 Mecinus sicardi mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at – antenna, clss – clypeal sensorium, des – dorsal epicranial, lr – labral rods, sa – sensillum ampullaceum, sb – sensillum basiconicum, Se – sensorium, st – stemmata, setae: als – anterolateral, ams – anteromedial, cls – clypeal, dms – dorsal malar, fs – frontal, ligs – ligular, lrs – labral, ls – lateral epicranial, mbs – malar basiventral, mds – mandibular, mes – median, mxps – maxillary palp, pes – postepicranial, ves – ventral, pfs – palpiferal, pms – postlabial, prms – prelabial, stps – stipal, vms – ventral malar.
Figure 11 from: Gosik R, Skuhrovec J, Caldara R, Toševski I (2020) Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels. ZooKeys 939: 87-165. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612
Figure 11 Mecinus circulatus mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at – antenna, clss – clypeal sensorium, lr – labral rods, sb – sensillum basiconicum, Se – sensorium, st – stemmata, setae: als – anterolateral, ams – anteromedial, cls – clypeal, des – dorsal epicranial, dms – dorsal malar, fs – frontal, ligs – ligular, lrs – labral, ls – lateral epicranial, mbs – malar basiventral, mds – mandibular, mes – median, mxps – maxillary palp, pes – postepicranial, ves – ventral, pfs – palpiferal, pms – postlabial, prms – prelabial, stps – stipal, vms – ventral malar.
Figure 10 from: Gosik R, Skuhrovec J, Caldara R, Toševski I (2020) Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels. ZooKeys 939: 87-165. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612
Figure 10 Mecinus circulatus mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X. Abbreviations: Th. I–III – number of thoracic segments, Abd. I–X – number of abominal segments, setae: as – alar, ds – dorsal, eps – epipleural, eus – eusternal, lsts – laterosternal, pda – pedal, pds – postdorsal, prns – pronotal, prs – prodorsal, ps – pleural, ss – spiracular, sts – sternal, ts – terminal.
Figure 14 from: Gosik R, Skuhrovec J, Caldara R, Toševski I (2020) Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels. ZooKeys 939: 87-165. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612
Figure 14 Mecinus pyraster mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at – antenna, lr – labral rods, sb – sensillum basiconicum, Se – sensorium, st – stemmata, setae: als – anterolateral, ams – anteromedial, cls– clypeal, des – dorsal epicranial, dms – dorsal malar, fs – frontal, ligs – ligular, lrs – labral, ls – lateral epicranial, mbs – malar basiventral, mds – mandibular, mes – median, mxps – maxillary palp, pes – postepicranial, ves – ventral, pfs – palpiferal, pms – postlabial, prms – prelabial, stps – stipal, vms – ventral malar.
Figure 31 from: Gosik R, Skuhrovec J, Caldara R, Toševski I (2020) Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels. ZooKeys 939: 87-165. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612
Figure 31 Mecinus laeviceps mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X. Abbreviations: Th. I–III – number of thoracic segments, Abd. I–X – number of abominal segments, setae: as – alar, ds – dorsal, eps – epipleural, eus – eusternal, lsts – laterosternal, pda – pedal, pds – postdorsal, prns – pronotal, prs – prodorsal, ps – pleural, ss – spiracular, sts – sternal, ts – terminal.
Figure 34 from: Gosik R, Skuhrovec J, Caldara R, Toševski I (2020) Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels. ZooKeys 939: 87-165. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612
Figure 34 Mecinus peterharrisi mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X. Abbreviations: Th. I–III – number of thoracic segments, Abd. I–X – number of abominal segments, setae: as – alar, ds – dorsal, eps – epipleural, eus – eusternal, lsts – laterosternal, pda – pedal, pds – postdorsal, prns – pronotal, prs – prodorsal, ps – pleural, ss – spiracular, sts – sternal, ts – terminal.
Figure 8 from: Gosik R, Skuhrovec J, Caldara R, Toševski I (2020) Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels. ZooKeys 939: 87-165. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612
Figure 8 Mecinus pirazzolii mature larva, head and mouth parts A head, frontal view B antenna C clypeus and labrum, dorsal view D epipharynx E left mandible F maxillolabial complex, ventral aspect. Abbreviations: at – antenna, des – dorsal epicranial, lr – labral rods, sb – sensillum basiconicum, Se – sensorium, st – stemmata, setae: als – anterolateral, ams – anteromedial, cls – clypeal, dms – dorsal malar, fs – frontal, ligs – ligular, lrs – labral, ls – lateral epicranial, mbs – malar basiventral, mds – mandibular, mes – median, mxps – maxillary palp, pes – postepicranial, ves – ventral, pfs – palpiferal, pms – postlabial, prms – prelabial, stps – stipal, vms – ventral malar.
Figure 9 from: Gosik R, Skuhrovec J, Caldara R, Toševski I (2020) Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels. ZooKeys 939: 87-165. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612
Figure 9 Mecinus pirazzolii pupa habitus and chaetotaxy A ventral view B lateral view C dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. I–III – number of thoracic segments, Abd. I–IX – number of abdominal segments, ur – urogomphi, setae: as – apical, d – dorsal, ds – discal, fes – femoral, l, ls – lateral, os – orbital, pls – posterolateral, rs – rostral.
Figure 1 from: Gosik R, Skuhrovec J, Caldara R, Toševski I (2020) Immature stages of Palearctic Mecinus species (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Curculioninae): morphological characters diagnostic at genus and species levels. ZooKeys 939: 87-165. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.939.50612
Figure 1 Mecinus pascuorum mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy A habitus of the body and frontal view of the head B lateral view of thoracic segments C lateral view of abdominal segment I D lateral view of abdominal segments VII–X. Abbreviations: Th. I–III – number of thoracic segments, Abd. I–X – number of abominal segments, setae: as – alar, ds – dorsal, eps – epipleural, eus – eusternal, lsts – laterosternal, pda – pedal, pds – postdorsal, prns – pronotal, prs – prodorsal, ps – pleural, ss – spiracular, sts – sternal, ts – terminal.
Supplementary material 1 from: Wei Z, Zhang L, Shi A (2020) A note on the larva of Chalcophora japonica chinensis (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) based on morphological characters and molecular data. ZooKeys 944: 147-155. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.37765
Detailed results of COI sequences dataset
Figure 2 from: Wei Z, Zhang L, Shi A (2020) A note on the larva of Chalcophora japonica chinensis (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) based on morphological characters and molecular data. ZooKeys 944: 147-155. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.37765
Figure 2 Larval morphology of Chalcophora japonica chinensis Schaufuss, 1879 A, G epistome and mouth parts, in dorsal view B mouth parts, in ventral view C, J antenna D, K maxilla, in ventral view E, F thorax, in dorsal and ventral views H prementum I left mandible.
Figure 1 from: Wei Z, Zhang L, Shi A (2020) A note on the larva of Chalcophora japonica chinensis (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) based on morphological characters and molecular data. ZooKeys 944: 147-155. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.37765
Figure 1 Habitus of Chalcophora japonica chinensis (Schaufuss, 1879) A adult, in dorsal view B larva, in dorsal view C larva in ventral view.
Figures 3 from: Wei Z, Zhang L, Shi A (2020) A note on the larva of Chalcophora japonica chinensis (Coleoptera, Buprestidae) based on morphological characters and molecular data. ZooKeys 944: 147-155. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.944.37765
Figures 3 Larval pronotal plate of Chalcophora species (A–C from Bílý 1984) AC. detritaBC. marianaCC. intermediaDC. japonica chinensis.
Phylogeographic analysis of character displacement in feeding phenotypes of snail-feeding Acoptolabrus ground beetles: Morphological measurements
<p>Ecological character displacement predicts that interspecific resource competition results in greater trait divergence between species in sympatry than in allopatry. In this study, we characterize character displacement in 8 species of snail-feeding <i>Acoptolabrus</i> ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae, genus <em>Carabus</em>) in the Far East. <i>Acoptolabrus</i> exhibit divergent feeding phenotypes, including species with a slender forebody for intruding large shells and species with stout heads and mandibles for crushing small shells. Distance measurements (in mm) deposited here are for evaluating body shape variation among 8 <em>Acoptolabrus</em> species.</p>
Figure 8 from: Roh SJ, Park H, Kim S-H, Kim S-Y, Choi Y-S, Song J-H (2020) A new species of Galleria Fabricius (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) from Korea based on molecular and morphological characters. ZooKeys 970: 51-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54960
Figure 8 Strict consensus tree of equally parsimonious cladograms based on partial COI gene sequences with bootstrap values.
Figure 7 from: Roh SJ, Park H, Kim S-H, Kim S-Y, Choi Y-S, Song J-H (2020) A new species of Galleria Fabricius (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) from Korea based on molecular and morphological characters. ZooKeys 970: 51-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54960
Figure 7 Neighbor-Joining tree based on partial COI gene sequences with bootstrap values. Scale bar indicates the expected number of substitutions per site.
Figures 3- 4 from: Roh SJ, Park H, Kim S-H, Kim S-Y, Choi Y-S, Song J-H (2020) A new species of Galleria Fabricius (Lepidoptera, Pyralidae) from Korea based on molecular and morphological characters. ZooKeys 970: 51-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.970.54960
Figures 3- 4 Male genitalia of Galleria species. 3G. mellonella (slide no. 21364) 4G. similis, paratype (slide no. 21367).
PLATE 3 in Revealing the specific status of Mellicta distans Higgins, 1955, stat. n. (Lepidoptera Nymphalidae) with morphological and molecular characters
PLATE 3. Wing pattern of M. distans stat. n. (1) and M. aurelia (2).
Data from: Incongruence between morphological and mitochondrial-DNA characters suggests hybrid origins of parthenogenetic weevil lineages (genus Aramigus)
An expanded matrix of morphological characters for the genus Aramigus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), which includes numerous polyploid parthenogenetic lineages, was compared and combined with a published matrix of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) characters. The matrix of morphological characters provides little resolution of the A. tessellatus and A. uruguayensis species complexes but does resolve previously unresolved relationships among other morphologically defined species (A. globoculus + A. intermedius, A. curtulus + A. planioculus). The morphological and mtDNA characters are significantly incongruent (0.435 ≤ IM ≤ 0.463; IMF = 0.0735), according to the tests of Farris et al. (P = 0.010) and Templeton (P < 0.005), probably because of hybrid origins of polyploid parthenogenetic lineages. For the few sexual lineages included in both matrices, morphology and mtDNA provide congruent estimates of phylogeny. In spite of recent injunctions against combining data sets that are incongruent because of differing histories, the results of the combined analyses were used to select one of the most-parsimonious mtDNA trees as the best estimate of maternal-lineage genealogy and to reconstruct the evolution of parthenogenesis under the assumption that transitions from sexuality to parthenogenesis are irreversible. Where cytogenetically justified, as in weevils, the irreversibility assumption is useful for producing conservative estimates of the age of parthenogenetic lineages in spite of potential sampling bias against sexuals.
Data from: Among-character rate variation distributions in phylogenetic analysis of discrete morphological characters
Likelihood-based methods are commonplace in phylogenetic systematics. Although much effort has been directed toward likelihood-based models for molecular data, comparatively less work has addressed models for discrete morphological character data. Among-character rate variation may confound phylogenetic analysis, but there have been few analyses of the magnitude and distribution of rate heterogeneity among discrete morphological characters. Using seventy-six data sets covering a range of plants, invertebrate, and vertebrate animals, we used a modified version of MrBayes to test equal, gamma-distributed and lognormally-distributed models of among-character rate variation, integrating across phylogenetic uncertainty using Bayesian model selection. We found that in approximately 80% of data sets, unequal-rates models outperformed equal-rates models, especially among larger data sets. Moreover, although most data sets were equivocal, more data sets favored the lognormal rate distribution relative to the gamma rate distribution, lending some support for more complex character correlations than in molecular data. Parsimony estimation of the underlying rate distributions in several data sets suggests that the lognormal distribution is preferred when there are many slowly evolving characters and fewer quickly evolving characters. The commonly adopted four rate category discrete approximation used for molecular data was found to be sufficient to approximate a gamma rate distribution with discrete characters. However, among the two data sets tested that favored a lognormal rate distribution, the continuous distribution was better approximated with at least eight discrete rate categories. Although the effect of rate model on the estimation of topology was difficult to assess across all data sets, it appeared relatively minor between the unequal-rates models for the one data set examined carefully. As in molecular analyses, we argue that researchers should test and adopt the most appropriate model of rate variation for the data set in question. As discrete characters are increasingly used in more sophisticated likelihood-based phylogenetic analyses, it is important that these studies be built on the most appropriate and carefully selected underlying models of evolution.
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