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3,136 results for “Terrestrialization”
Figure 8 in Redescription of the terrestrial isopod Armadillo mayeti Simon, 1885 and its comparison with Armadillo officinalis Duméril, 1816 from Tunisian populations
Figure 8. Male Armadillo officinalis. (A) Antenna. (B) Pereopod 1. (C) Pereopod 7. (D) Uropod, ventral view.
Figure 7 in Redescription of the terrestrial isopod Armadillo mayeti Simon, 1885 and its comparison with Armadillo officinalis Duméril, 1816 from Tunisian populations
Figure 7. Male Armadillo officinalis. (A) Body, lateral view. (B) Pereion-epimera I and II latero-ventral view. (C) Cephalon and tergite I, dorsal view. (D) Setae on tergite I. (E) Pleotelson ventral view (pereopods 7 removed) with pereopods 6, pleopods l and 2, uropods, telson apex. (F) Stridulation apparatus on propodus 5. (G) Enlarged scale.
Figure 3 in Redescription of the terrestrial isopod Armadillo mayeti Simon, 1885 and its comparison with Armadillo officinalis Duméril, 1816 from Tunisian populations
Figure 3. Male Armadillo mayeti. (A) Antenna. (B) Antennula. (C) Telson dorsal view. (D) Uropod exopodite insertion. (E) Uropod ventral view.
Dataset for "Liquid Structure of Iron and Iron-Nitrogen-Carbon Alloys within the Cores of Small Terrestrial Bodies"
<p>The following is a copy of the processed data files used in the submitted manuscript: "Liquid Structure of Iron and Iron-Nitrogen-Carbon Alloys within the Cores of Small Terrestrial Bodies"</p> <p><br>In the text the six experiments are denoted at #-##. For example, 7-17, this notation means cell 7 in the year 2017. In this data repository, the file names follow the notation of year_loaded composition_cell#. So in the case of 7-17, that experimental dataset corresponded to 2017_Fe_cell7. </p>
Figure 5 in Terrestrial invertebrates surviving San Ambrosio island's ecological catastrophe reinforce biogeographic affinities between the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands
Figure 5. Insects. (a) Dermestes (Dermestinus) maculatus (Dermestidae), (b) Kuschelinus insularis (Carabidae) Endemic, (c) Pachystylus sp. 2 (Curculionidae), (d) Toxotarsus ambrosianus (Calliphoridae) Endemic, (e) Nysius sp. (Lygaeidae), and (f) Trimerotropis ochraceipennis (Acrididae).
Figure 1 in Terrestrial invertebrates surviving San Ambrosio island's ecological catastrophe reinforce biogeographic affinities between the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands
Figure 1. Desventuradas Islands. Located in the Southeastern Pacific the Desventuradas Islands (Red box) are composed of two islands: to the west San Félix (26°17'S; 80°05'W) and to the east San Ambrosio (26°20'S; 79°53'W) (Yellow box). Map generated with images from www.esri.com.
Figure 2 in Terrestrial invertebrates surviving San Ambrosio island's ecological catastrophe reinforce biogeographic affinities between the Juan Fernández and Desventuradas Islands
Figure 2. Deforestation of the Thamnoseris lacerata forest. (a) Historical picture taken around 1980 showing the extent of the T. lacerata forest on San Ambrosio. Photo credit: "Isla San Ambrosio, 1980" In: Chile a color, Geografía. Colección Biblioteca Antártica, Vol. I. pag. 437. Direction and production: Isabel Margarita Aguirre and other authors. Editorial Antártica 1983, Santiago de Chile. (b) Picture taken in September 2018, showing the same approximate location of a deforested landscape on San Ambrosio. Photo credit: Lukas Mekis / Island Conservation.
A global ecological signal of extinction risk in terrestrial vertebrates
<p>To determine the distribution and causes of extinction threat across functional groups of terrestrial vertebrates, we assembled a dataset on ecological traits for 18,016 species and tested, using phylogenetic comparative methods, which categories of habitat association, mode of locomotion, and feeding mode best predict extinction risk. We found that cave-dwelling amphibians, brachiating mammals (all of which are primates), aerial and scavenging birds, and pedal squamates are all disproportionately threatened with extinction. Across four vertebrate classes, agriculture, followed by logging, and then invasive species and disease are the most common risk factors of extinction. The most endangered species show simultaneous risk from multiple threat types. The disproportionate loss of species with certain functional traits, combined with increasing anthropogenic pressures, is likely to disrupt ecosystem functions globally if left unabated. A shift in focus from species- to trait-centric conservation practices will allow for the protection of at-risk functional diversity from regional to global scales.</p>
Mating stimulates the immune response and sperm storage-related genes expression in spermathecae of bumblebee (Bombus terrestris) queen
<p>Data of the genes expression in spermathecae of mated bumblebee (<em>Bombus terrestris</em>) queen</p>
Data for Past terrestrial hydroclimate sensitivity controlled by Earth System Feedbacks
<p>This folder contains PlioMIP2 ensemble data and CESM2 simulations used in Feng et al., Past terrestrial hydroclimate sensitivity controlled by Earth System Feedbacks (2022). Here is some useful information:</p> <p>1. Experiment IDs of CESM2 experiments are described in the Method section of the manuscript. The first dimension of variables in ensemble files reflects model IDs : "CCSM4", "CESM1", "CESM2", "COSMOS", "IPSL-CM6", "MIROC4m", "NorESM1-F", "HadCM3", "EC-Earth3.3", "IPSL-CM5", "IPSL-CM5A2", "HadGEM3", "GISS-E2-1G".</p> <p>2. The naming convention of variables in ensemble files follows CMIP6 convention. The naming convention of CESM2 variables follows the convention of the model.</p> <p>3. The script pe_budget_season_new.ncl produces moisture budget decomposition. The results are shown in Fig. 4 of the manuscript.</p>
Explainable Clustering Applied to the Definition of Terrestrial Biomes - data
<p>Data used for analysis in "Explainable Clustering Applied to the Definition of Terrestrial Biome" - using Decision Tree and Clustering techniques to identify biomes.</p> <p>Land surface properties:</p> <ul> <li><strong>TreeCover </strong>- Vegetation Continuous Fields (VCF) collection 6 fractional tree cover from DiMiceli et al. 2015, regridded as per Kelley et al. 2019</li> <li><strong>NonTreeCover </strong>- VCF fractional herb cover</li> <li><strong>Urban </strong>cover from the History Database of the Global Environment, Version 3.1 (HYDE) Klein Goldewijk et al. 2011</li> <li><strong>Crop </strong>cover (from HYDE)</li> <li><strong>Pasture </strong>Cover (from HYDE)</li> <li><strong>PopDen </strong>(population density from HYDE)</li> </ul> <p>Climate:</p> <ul> <li><strong>MAP_CRU </strong>- Mean annual precipitation from version 4.01 of the Climatic Research Unit Time Series high resolution gridded dataset (CRU TS v4.01) (Harris & Jones 2017)</li> <li><strong>MAT </strong>- Mean annual temperature from CRU)</li> <li><strong>MADD_CRU </strong>- Mean annual dry days from CRU - i.e seasonality of rainfall</li> <li><strong>MTWM </strong>- Mean Maximum Temperature of the warmest month from CRU</li> <li><strong>MTCM </strong>- Mean Minumum Temperature of the coldest month from CRU</li> <li><strong>SW1 </strong>- direct downwards SW simulated using the SLASH model using CRU cload cover</li> <li><strong>SW2 </strong>- diffuse downwards SW simulated using the SLASH model using CRU cload cover</li> <li><strong>BurntArea_GFED_four_s </strong>- Burnt area from Global Fire Emissions Database, Version 4.1 (GFEDv4.1) (Van Der Werf et al. 2017)</li> <li><strong>MaxWind</strong><em><strong> </strong></em>(Mean Max Windspeed from CRU-(National Centers for Environmental Prediction (Harris 2019)</li> </ul> <p>Dimiceli, C., Carroll, M., Sohlberg, R., Kim, D. H.,Kelly, M., and Townshend, J. R. G. (2015). Mod44bmodis/terra vegetation continuous fields yearly l3global 250m sin grid v006 (v006).</p> <p>Harris, I. (2019). CRU JRA v1. 1: A forcings dataset ofgridded land surface blend of Climatic Research Unit (CRU) and Japanese reanalysis (JRA) data, January1901–December 2017, University of East Anglia Climatic Research Unit, Centre for Environmental DataAnalysis.</p> <p>Harris, I. and Jones, P. (2017). CRU TS4. 01: Climatic Re-search Unit (CRU) Time-Series (TS) version 4.01 ofhigh-resolution gridded data of month-by-month vari-ation in climate (Jan. 1901–Dec. 2016).Centre forEnvironmental Data Analysis, 25.</p> <p>Kelley, D. I., Bistinas, I., Whitley, R., Burton, C., Marthews,T. R., and Dong, N. (2019). How contemporary biocli-matic and human controls change global fire regimes</p> <p>Klein Goldewijk, K., Beusen, A., Van Drecht, G., and DeVos, M. (2011). The HYDE 3.1 spatially explicitdatabase of human-induced global land-use changeover the past 12,000 years.Global Ecology and Bio-geography, 20(1):73–86.</p> <p>Van Der Werf, G. R., Randerson, J. T., Giglio, L.,Van Leeuwen, T. T., Chen, Y., Rogers, B. M., Mu, M.,Van Marle, M. J., Morton, D. C., Collatz, G. J., et al.(2017). Global fire emissions estimates during 1997–2016.Earth System Science Data, 9(2):697–720.</p>
FIGURE. Variable positions in the ITS2 secondary structure of some Coelastrella sensu lato species. The ITS2 model of Coelastrella striolata strain CAUP H 3602 (JX513881) was used to map sequence differences. Variable positions of analyzed strains (GenBank numbers can be found in Table 3, 4 are given next to the main structure and are marked in bold. Hemi- Compensatory Base Changes in conservative regions are circled and Compensatory Base Change is contoured. Sequences of strains with GenBank numbers JX513879 (C. aeroterrestrica), JX513882 (C. terrestris), JX513884 (C. rubescens), MH176120 (C. rubescens var. oocystiformis), JX513880 (C. multistriata), JX513887 (C. oocystiformis) were used as representatives of Coelastrella species. The strains analyzed in this study are underlined. in Morphological and phylogenetic relations of members of the genus Coelastrella (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta) from the Ural and Khentii Mountains (Russia, Mongolia)
FIGURE. Variable positions in the ITS2 secondary structure of some Coelastrella sensu lato species. The ITS2 model of Coelastrella striolata strain CAUP H 3602 (JX513881) was used to map sequence differences. Variable positions of analyzed strains (GenBank numbers can be found in Table 3, 4 are given next to the main structure and are marked in bold. Hemi- Compensatory Base Changes in conservative regions are circled and Compensatory Base Change is contoured. Sequences of strains with GenBank numbers JX513879 (C. aeroterrestrica), JX513882 (C. terrestris), JX513884 (C. rubescens), MH176120 (C. rubescens var. oocystiformis), JX513880 (C. multistriata), JX513887 (C. oocystiformis) were used as representatives of Coelastrella species. The strains analyzed in this study are underlined.
Prioritizing terrestrial invasive alien plant species for management in urban ecosystems
<p>1. Invasive alien plant species (IAPs) in urban areas can have detrimental effects on biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. Urban areas are complex social management mosaics with high land-use diversity, complex land tenure patterns, and many different stakeholder groups, some of which derive benefits from invading species. Urban conservation practitioners face complex decisions about which IAPs require management. Yet most IAPs prioritization frameworks have been designed for and implemented in natural or rural areas and are generally inadequate for guiding effective and sustainable interventions in urbanized areas.</p> <p>2. We modified an existing prioritization scheme to develop a framework for prioritizing terrestrial IAPs in urban areas which applies evidence-based (data-driven) and stakeholder-based (local knowledge) assessments to score and rank alien plant species in terms of their priority for management using an objective set of criteria.</p> <p>3. The framework consists of forty-six criteria, grouped into eight modules which assess invasion status, habitat requirements, biological characteristics, dispersal ability, distribution, impact (positive and negative), and potential for control for each alien plant species under consideration.</p> <p>4. We use the city of Toronto, Canada as a case study to test our framework – a list of 50 IAPs were effectively scored and ranked in order of high to low priority for control. Species with the highest <i>total prioritization scores</i> were <i>Vincetoxicum</i> <i>rossicum</i> (Dog Strangling Vine), <i>Convolvulus</i> <i>arvensis</i> (Field Bindweed) and <i>Taraxacum</i> <i>officinale</i> (Common Dandelion) (ranked 1, 2 and 3, respectively).</p> <p>5. Many of the identified high priority species align with the those previously flagged as of management concern by conservation practitioners, but also include those that are not actively managed due to their perceived lower ecological impacts. These species still require high resource investment for other objectives such as aesthetics. This highlights the complexity of alien plant species management in urban areas.</p> <p>6.<i> Synthesis and applications. </i>Prioritizing invasive alien plants for management in urban areas is particularly challenging due to often conflicting ecological, economic, and social objectives. We use available evidence and local stakeholder knowledge to develop an objective and systematic prioritization tool which can assist conservation practitioners in selecting priority species for management action in complex urban landscapes.</p>
Conspecific attraction for conservation and management of terrestrial breeding birds: current knowledge and future research directions
<p>Conspecific presence can indicate the location or quality of resources, and animals settling near conspecifics often gain fitness benefits. This can result in adaptive conspecific attraction during breeding habitat selection as demonstrated in numerous terrestrial, territorial birds. There is growing interest in using simulated conspecific social cues (e.g., decoys, broadcasted vocalizations) to manage bird distributions, yet it remains unclear when this approach is likely to succeed. We reviewed published studies to evaluate whether the strength of conspecific attraction in terrestrial birds is mediated by characteristics of species (life history traits), simulated cues (e.g., timing and duration), sites (e.g., quality), and how conspecific attraction was measured. We identified 31 experiments that simulated social cues and compared conspecific settlement between treatment and control sites. We then used phylogenetically controlled meta-regression to assess impacts of 19 moderators on settlement. Nearly all species included in these experiments were migratory passerines, and social cues generally had a strong, positive influence on their settlement decisions, as the odds of site occupancy were 3.12× (95% CI = 0.81, 11.69) greater in treatment sites relative to control sites. Within this group, conspecific attraction was evolutionarily conserved with ≥ 25.5% (CI = 5.1%, 65.4%) of the variance in treatment effects explained by phylogenetic relatedness. However, we found no evidence that any covariates influenced the response to social cues, and we posit this stems from limited research specifically designed to identify the mechanisms mediating conspecific attraction. We therefore developed a research agenda that provides a framework for testing mechanistic hypotheses regarding how cue characteristics, species traits, and spatial contexts may mediate attraction to conspecifics. Evaluating these hypotheses will greatly advance the field by helping managers understand when, where, and why simulating social cues can be used to enhance populations of species that are of conservation concern.</p>
Can sensory drive explain the evolution of visual signal diversity in terrestrial species? A test with Anolis lizards
<p>Animal signal colors evolve to efficiently stimulate conspecific visual systems. The sensory drive hypothesis proposes that species differences in habitat light conditions favor the evolution of color diversity. The strongest support comes from aquatic systems, while terrestrial systems offer fewer convincing examples. Anolis lizards occupy diverse habitats and signal with a colorful dewlap. Dewlap visibility depends on perceived chromatic contrast with the background. Visual-system modeling has shown that red dewlaps are most visible in most habitat types. However, a majority of species possess white or yellow dewlaps. In a recent behavioral study we showed that low light conditions can sometimes make yellow and white colors more visible, by altering chromatic contrast perception with the background. Using 17 Caribbean Anolis species we showed that cut-on wavelength, a measure of dewlap color in a white-to-red continuum, correlates with habitat light intensity. Pairwise comparisons revealed that red dewlaps are most visible in bright habitats, whereas yellow and white are more visible in darker habitats. We conclude that sensory drive has contributed to the evolution of dewlap color differences through the interactive effects of total habitat light intensity and chromatic contrast perception and may provide a mechanism for speciation among anoles.</p>
Data and code from: A large-scale experiment demonstrates line marking reduces power line collision mortality for large terrestrial birds, but not bustards, in the Karoo, South Africa
<p>Line markers are widely used to mitigate bird collisions with power lines, but few studies have robustly tested their efficacy. Power line collisions are an escalating problem for several threatened bird species endemic to southern Africa, so it is critical to know whether or not marking works to adequately manage this problem. Over 8 years, a large-scale experiment was set up on 72 of 117 km of monitored transmission power lines in the eastern Karoo, South Africa, to assess whether line markers reduce bird collision mortality, particularly for Blue Cranes <i>Grus paradisea</i> and Ludwig's Bustards <i>Neotis ludwigii</i>. We tested the two marking devices commonly used in South Africa: bird flappers and static bird flight diverters. Using a before-after-control-impact design, we show that line marking reduced collision rates for Blue Cranes by 92% (95% CI 77-97%) and all large birds by 51% (95% CI 23-68%), but had no effect on bustards. Both marker types appeared similarly effective. Given that monitoring at this site also confirmed high levels of mortality of a range of species of conservation concern, we recommend that marking be widely installed on new power lines. However, other options need to be explored urgently to reduce collision mortality of bustards. Five bustard species were in the top ten list of most frequently found carcasses, and high collision rates of Ludwig's Bustards (0.68 birds·km<sup>-1</sup>·year<sup>-1</sup> uncorrected for survey biases) add to wider concerns about population level effects for this range-restricted and Endangered species. </p> <p>This dataset includes the data and R code for this journal paper.</p>
Figure 5 in Agnara cavernicola, the second troglophilic terrestrial isopod species (Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Iran
Figure 5. Map of Iran with the sampling localities of Agnara tarahomii, A. haselii and A. cavernicola sp. nov.
Figure 2 in Agnara cavernicola, the second troglophilic terrestrial isopod species (Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Iran
Figure 2. Agnara cavernicola sp. nov., male, paratype. (a) Habitus, dorsal view; (b) head and first pereion tergite; (c) antenna; (d) antennula (e) pereopod I; (f) pereopod VII, frontal view and ischium VII, caudal view; (g) pleon and uropods. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 4 in Agnara cavernicola, the second troglophilic terrestrial isopod species (Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Iran
Figure 4. Agnara cavernicola sp. nov., male, paratype. (a) Genital papilla and pleopod endopodite I; (b) pleopod exopodite I; (c) pleopod II; (d) pleopod exopodite III; (e) pleopod exopodite IV; (f) pleopod exopodite V. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Figure 3 in Agnara cavernicola, the second troglophilic terrestrial isopod species (Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Iran
Figure 3. Agnara cavernicola sp. nov., female, paratype. (a) Left mandible; (b) right mandible; (c) maxillule, outer branch; (d) maxillule, inner branch; (e) maxilliped. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.