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Figure 10 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata

Figure 10. - Distribution of the thyroidian patterns in Vertebrates. The interrelationship tree has been reconstruct- ed from Li (2008), Janvier (2009), Broughton (2010) and Betancur-R et al. (2013b). See text and Appendix I for details.

Figure 9 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata

Figure 9. - Detail of the anatomy of the thyroid gland of an angler, Lophius piscatorius (Lophiidae); ventral view. The black arrow indicates the anterior part. Modified from Burne, 1927. ly.v = lymphatic vessel; th.g = thyroid gland; th.t = thyroidian tissue; v.ao = ventral aorta.

Figure 8 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata

Figure 8. - Close-up of the thyroid gland of an angler, Lophius piscatorius (Lophiidae); right lateral view. The thyroid is embedded in a blood sinus, pattern 5. The black arrow indicates the anterior part of the specimen. ly.v = lymphatic vessels; th.a = thyroidian artery; th.s = thyroidian sinus. Modified from Chanet et al., 2013. Scale bar = 3 mm.

Figure 1 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata

Figure 1. - Sagittal section of a frozen small-spotted catshark, Scyliorhinus canicula (Scyliorhinidae); left lateral view. The black arrow indicates the anterior part of the specimen. The thyroid gland is compact, pattern 1. Modified from Chanet et al., 2009a. br = brain; cart.pe = cartilaginous pericardium; chc = chondrocranium; el.br.sk = elements of the branchial skeleton; m = mouth; olf.cap = olfactive capsule; th = thyroid; v = ventricle. Scale bar = 10 mm. Figure 2. - Sagittal section of a frozen common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Cyprinidae); right lateral view. The black arrow indicates the anterior part of the specimen. Several thyroidian islets are seen; the thyroid is diffuse, pattern 2. ant.ch.gs.bl = anterior chamber of the gas bladder; at = atrium; b.c = buccal cavity; bl.v = blood vessels; br = brain; l = liver; th.i = thyroid islets; v = ventricle; v.ao = ventral aorta. Scale bar =10 mm. Figure 3. - Dissection of the bucco-branchial region of a common sole, Solea solea (Soleidae); right lateral view. The black arrow indicates the anterior part of the specimen. Several thyroidian islets are seen; the thyroid is diffuse, pattern 2. Modified from Chanet, 2011. b.c = buccal cavity; g = gills; th.i = thyroid islets; u = urohyal. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Figure 4 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata

Figure 4. - Diagram of the anterior part of a platyfish, Xiphophorus sp. (Poecillidae), showing the distribution of thyroid islets: white circles indicate the ones in normal position while black circles indicate the ones in ectopic position, pattern 3. Modified from Baker et al., 1955. The black arrow indicates the anterior part. br = brain; ceph.k = cephalic kidney; cho = choroid; c.art = conus arteriosus; v = ventricle; v.ao = ventral aorta.

Figure 5 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata

Figure 5. - Section in the branchial region of a longsnout seahorse, Hippocampus reidi (Syngnathidae). The thyroid is diffuse, pattern 2. c = colloid; m = muscles; th.i = thyroidian islet; v = vein. Histological preparation by Dr D. Adriens. Scale bar = 100 µm. Figure 6. - Sagittal section of the buccal region of a cobia, Rachycentron canadum (Rachycentridae). The thyroid is composed of gathered lobes, pattern 4. b.c = buccal cavity; cart = cartilage; m = muscles; th.f = thyroidian follicle; th.l = thyroidian lobe; v.ao = ventral aorta. Histological preparation by Dr T. Passos de Andrade. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 7 in The anatomy of the thyroid gland among "fishes": phylogenetic implications for the Vertebrata

Figure 7. - Diagram of the anatomy of the thyroid gland of a yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares (Scombridae); ventral view. The thyroid is composed of gathered lobes, pattern 4. The black arrow indicates the anterior part. a.br.a = afferent branchial artery; th.l = thyroidian lobe; v.ao = ventral aorta. Modified from Honma, 1957. Scale bar = 5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2022View details →

A tectonic-rules-based mantle reference frame since 1 billion years ago – implications for supercontinent cycles and plate–mantle system evolution

The archive Muller_etal_2022_SE_1Ga_Opt_PlateMotionModel.zip contains the files for the plate model in an optimised mantle reference frame. GPlates or pyGPlates software (<a href="https://www.gplates.org/">www.gplates.org</a>) is needed to read these files.  The archive Muller_etal_2022_SE_mantle-ref-frame-oceanic-crustal-agegrids.zip contains the oceanic crustal age grids in netCDF-4 format for the optimised mantle reference frame plate model, while the archive Muller_etal_2022_SE_PMAG_oceanic-crustal-agegrids.zip contains the oceanic crustal age grids in netCDF-4 format for the paleomagnetic reference frame plate model from Merdith et al. (2021).   The agegrids associated with this model can be accessed at: <a href="https://repo.gplates.org/webdav/PlateModel_Age_SR_Grids/Muller_etal_2022_SE/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://repo.gplates.org/webdav/PlateModel_Age_SR_Grids/Muller_etal_2022_SE/</a>

Fig. 6 in Biometric analysis of the teeth of fossil and Recent hexanchid sharks and its taxonomic implications

Fig. 6. Acrocone shape of lower teeth in Late Eocene (Early Lutetian) Hexanchus agassizi from south−western France. Bivariate plot constructed as in Fig. 4. Data for Recent Hexanchus species are indicated by symbols for H. nakamurai teeth but only by regression lines for H. griseus teeth. Holotypes, paratypes and figured teeth of the fossil species from the work of Ward (1979) are distinguished on the graph. Some H. microdon specimens (Paleocene − early Eocene) have been added for comparison.

Fig. 5 in Biometric analysis of the teeth of fossil and Recent hexanchid sharks and its taxonomic implications

Fig. 5. Acrocone shape of lower teeth in Recent hexanchid species. Small pictures illustrate the changes in acrocone size according to the L2/L3 values. Interrupted lines are regression curves from data for the two living Hexanchus species. For H. griseus, different symbols have been used to indicate the sex of the sharks (m, male; f, female; ind, indeterminate).

Fig. 3 in Biometric analysis of the teeth of fossil and Recent hexanchid sharks and its taxonomic implications

Fig. 3. Fossil Hexanchus sp. lower teeth from the Donzacq Formation of Saint−Géours−d'Auribat (late Ypresian/early Lutetian, south−western France). A. UMC−SG13, antero−lateral file, labial view. B. UMC−SG130, antero−lateral file, lingual view. C. UMC−SG15, lateral file, labial view. D. UMCSG14, antero−lateral file, labial view. E. UMC−SG131, lateral file, lingual view. F. UMC−SG132, antero−lateral file, lingual view. G. UMC−SG17, lateral file, labial view. H. UMC−SG133, lateral file, labial view. I. UMCSG134, broken lateral lower tooth with peculiar deep root, labial (I1) and lingual (I2) views. J. UMC−SG135, lateral file, labial view. K. UMC−SG12, symphysial file, lingual view.

Fig. 2 in Biometric analysis of the teeth of fossil and Recent hexanchid sharks and its taxonomic implications

Fig. 2. Overview of dental variations in lower teeth of living species of Hexanchus. Labial view of some lower teeth of Hexanchus griseus (A–L) and Hexanchus nakamurai (M–O). A. ♀uncertain (UMC−REC204bM),>300 cm TL; 1st left file (A), 3rd (uncertain) left file (A), and lateral left 1 2 file (A). B. ♂ (UMC−REC204M), 300 cm TL; 3rd right file (B), 1st right 3 1 file (B), symphysial file (B), and 1st left file (B). C. ♂ (UMC− 2 3 4 REC162M), 223 cm TL; 1st left file (C), 2nd right file (C), and 3rd left 1 2 file (C). D. ♂ (UMC−REC175M), 195 cm TL; 1st left file (D), 3rd left file 3 1 with enlargement on the mesial serrated cutting edge of the first cusp (D2), 4th left file (D), and 5th left file (D). E. ♀ (UMC−REC161M), 191 cm 3 4 TL; 1st left file (E) and 3rd left file (E). F. ♂ (UMC−REC611M), 1.08 cm 1 2 TL; 1st left file (F), 4th left file (F). G. ♀ (UMC−REC163M), 114 cm TL, 1 2 1st right file. H. ♀ (UMC−REC164M), 117 cm TL, 3nd left file. I. Unsexued (UMC−REC201M), 58 cm TL 2nd right file. J. Unsexued (UMCREC172M), 72 cm TL, 2nd left file. K. Unsexued (UMC−REC173M), 75 cm TL, 1st left file. L. ♂ (UMC−REC174M), 80 cm TL, 1st right file. M. ♀ uncertain (UMC−REC197M), 148 cm TL; 4th rigth file (M), 1st 1 right file with enlargement on the mesial serrated cutting edge of the first cusp (M2), symphysial file (M3). N. ♂ uncertain (UMC−REC192M), 145 cm TL; 3rd right file (N) and 1st left file (N). O. Sex undetermined 1 2 (UMC−REC196M), 1 m TL, 1st right file (O), 1st left file (O), 3rd lateral 1 2 file (O), and 4th lateral file (O). A–D and F–O are respectively at the 3 4 same magnification (vertical white bars). Abbreviation: TL, total length.

Fig. 1. A in Biometric analysis of the teeth of fossil and Recent hexanchid sharks and its taxonomic implications

Fig. 1. A. Simplified terminology of a Hexanchus lower tooth (Hexanchus griseus, 4th right file,>300 cm total length, UMC−REC204bM). B. Schematic drawing of measurements (homologuous points and intermediate distances) discussed in the text.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Trapping soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the southeastern USA and implications for pheromone-based research and management

Fig. 2. Mean number of Ctenoplusia oxygramma male moths captured at each of 3 trial locations where they were recorded as present. Note: Bio Pseudoplusia lures were not used at the LA-Crowley location, were installed at the LA-Ben Hur location on 2 Aug 2019, and were installed at the FL-Jay location for the entire trial period.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Trapping soybean looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in the southeastern USA and implications for pheromone-based research and management

Fig. 1. Mean number of Chrysodeixis includens male moths captured at each of 5 trial locations. Note: Bio Pseudoplusia lures were not used at the LA-Crowley or MS-Kiln locations, were installed at the LA-Ben Hur location on 2 Aug 2019 and at the MS-Starkville location on 31 Jul 2019, and were installed at the FL-Jay location for the entire trial period.

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Variations in microscopic properties of biomass char: Implications for biochar characterization

Submitted data was used to write an article: Mastalerz, M., Drobniak, A., Briggs, D., Bradburn, J., 2023, Variations in microscopic properties of biomass char: Implications for biochar characterization. International Journal of Coal Geology 271, 104235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2023.104235   Funding acknowledgments: The project is co-financed by the Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange within the Polish Returns Programme (BPN/PPO/2021/1/00005/DEC/1), the National Science Center, Poland (2022/01/1/ST10/00024), and the research activities co-financed by the funds granted under the Research Excellence Initiative of the University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.    Article Abstract: Biochar, a carbon-rich material produced during the thermochemical conversion of biomass, is considered to be an important material for environmental applications and sustainable agriculture. With interest in its use growing, it is essential to understand how pyrolysis parameters control biochar properties and, subsequently, which analytical methods can be applied effectively in characterizing biochar. While various methods are already in use, the potential of reflected light microscopy analysis has not yet been widely explored. This paper focuses on examining the microscopic properties of various biochars by implementing reflected light microscopy and assessing whether this technique has the potential to deliver quick, reliable, and essential information for biochar characterization. To support microscopic observations, selected physical (density and surface area) and chemical parameters (carbon and sulfur content, functional group distribution) of biochar samples were also determined. Megascopically and microscopically there is a considerable difference among biochars of different feeds including their size and shape, porosity, ratio of the abundance of cellular to non-cellular pores, inorganic matter content, the ratio of thick-walled to thin-walled inertinite, or the ratio between high-reflectance inertinite to low reflectance inertinite and their reactivity. The biochars studied also showed variations in the oxygenated groups contribution, a wide range of carbon content (14.7 to 98.8%), density (1.45 to 2.47 g/cm3), and surface areas (from <1 to 363.6 m2/g). Our results demonstrate that microscopic characteristics and reflectance of biochar can provide crucial diagnostic value for predicting biochar properties and, in combination with other physical and chemical properties, help to enhance information about the biomass conversion process and potential practical use of biochar.

Fig. 2 in The bivalve Pholadomya gigantea in the Early Cretaceous of Argentina: Taxonomy, taphonomy, and paleogeographic implications

Fig. 2. Schematic correlation chart of the Mendoza Group between Neuquén and Mendoza Provinces, Early Cretaceous of the Neuquén Basin, Argentina, showing ranges of Pholadomya species. Modified from Uliana et al. (1977); stages from Aguirre−Urreta and Rawson (1997, 2003); ranges are based on Weaver (1931), Damborenea et al. (1979), and author's observations. Abbreviations: Bar., Barremian; Kim., Kimmeridgian.

Fig. 7 in The bivalve Pholadomya gigantea in the Early Cretaceous of Argentina: Taxonomy, taphonomy, and paleogeographic implications

Fig. 7. Main differences between Pholadomya gigantea (Sowerby, 1836) (A) and Pholadomya agrioensis Weaver, 1931 (B). Schemes in ventral view.

Fig. 5 in The bivalve Pholadomya gigantea in the Early Cretaceous of Argentina: Taxonomy, taphonomy, and paleogeographic implications

Fig. 5. Stratigraphic log of the Agrio Formation in Agua de la Mula locality (Neuquén Basin, Argentina) showing the occurrence of Pholadomya gigantea (J. de C. Sowerby, 1836) and CPBA number. Ammonite zonation and age from Aguirre−Urreta and Rawson (1997, 2003).

Fig. 9 in The bivalve Pholadomya gigantea in the Early Cretaceous of Argentina: Taxonomy, taphonomy, and paleogeographic implications

Fig. 9. Palaeobiogeography of Pholadomya gigantea (Sowerby, 1836) during the Early Cretaceous. Hauterivian–Barremian palaeocoastline map from Smith et al. (1994); records of Pholadomya gigantea are compiled in Appendix 1.