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FIGURES 10–21. Psychoda glamocensis. 10 in Moth flies (Diptera, Psychodidae) living in the dark of caves in the Dinaric Karst
FIGURES 10–21. Psychoda glamocensis. 10. Eyebridge of male holotype. 11–12. Eyebridges of male paratypes. 13. Same of female paratype. 14. Flagellomeres 10–13. 15. 2nd flagellomere with ascoid. 16. Male mouth parts.17–18. Female mouth parts. 19. Wing. 20. Female subgenital plate. 21. Internal genital sclerites, female. Scale: 1.0 mm (19), 0.1 mm (10–15, 20–21), 0.05 mm (16–18).
FIGURE 19 in A remarkable new species of spittlebug and a second living New World genus in the Clastopteridae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea)
FIGURE 19. Distribution map. Known localities of P. erwini are indicated in black circles, with the holotype location starred in red. The localities in Ecuador and Brazil are about 1,800 km apart.
FIGURES 14–18. Paraclastoptera erwini n in A remarkable new species of spittlebug and a second living New World genus in the Clastopteridae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea)
FIGURES 14–18. Paraclastoptera erwini n. sp., female. 14. Habitus, dorsal view. 15. Habitus, lateral view. 16. Pygofer, lateral view. 17. First valvula of ovipositor. 18. Second valvula of ovipositor.
FIGURES 1–13. Paraclastoptera erwini n in A remarkable new species of spittlebug and a second living New World genus in the Clastopteridae (Hemiptera: Cercopoidea)
FIGURES 1–13. Paraclastoptera erwini n. sp., male. 1. Habitus, dorsal view. 2. Head, dorsal view. 3. Head, ventral view. 4. Habitus, lateral view. 5. Tegmina, lateral view. 6. Hindwing, lateral view. 7. Pygofer, ventral view. 8. Pygofer, lateral view. 9. Parameres (styles), dorsal view. 10. Paramere, lateral internal view. 11. Paramere, lateral external view. 12. Aedeagus, lateral view. 13. Aedeagus, dorsal view.
FIGURE 20. Living larvae. A, B in Description of larvae of Japanese Macronychini (Coleoptera: Elmidae: Elminae)
FIGURE 20. Living larvae. A, B, Paramacronychus granulatus Nomura, 1958; C, Zaitzeviaria ovata (Nomura, 1959); D, Zaitzeviaria brevis (Nomura, 1958); E, Zaitzeviaria kuriharai Kamite, Ogata & Satô, 2006; F, Zaitzeviaria sotai Hayashi & Yoshitomi, 2015; G, Zaitzevia awana (Kôno, 1934); H, I, Zaitzevia rivalis Nomura, 1963; J, Zaitzevia tsushimana Nomura, 1963. Not to scale. H, immature larva; others, mature larva.
FIGURES 1–6 in Thysanoptera host-plant associations, with an account of species living on Tamarix, and a new species of Lissothrips (Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Lissothrips hemingi sp.n.: (1) Adult (female); (2) Adult (male); (3) Head and pronotum; (4) Meso, metanotum and pelta (female); (5) Meso and metanotum (male); (6) Antenna.
FIGURES 7–10 in Thysanoptera host-plant associations, with an account of species living on Tamarix, and a new species of Lissothrips (Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 7–10. Lissothrips hemingi sp.n.: (7) Abdominal tergites IV-VII (male); (8) Prostenum; (9) Head and fore leg (female); (10) Abdominal tergites IX and tube (female).
A novel body plan alters diversification of body shape and genitalia in live-bearing fish
<p>Major evolutionary innovations can greatly influence subsequent evolution. While many major transitions occurred in the deep past, male live-bearing fishes (family Poeciliidae) more recently evolved a novel body plan. This group possesses a three-region axial skeleton, with one region—the ano-urogenital region—representing a unique body region accommodating male genitalic structures (gonopodial complex). Here we evaluate several hypotheses for the evolution of diversity in this region and examine its role in the evolution of male body shape. Examining <i>Gambusia</i> fishes, we tested <i>a priori</i> predictions for 1) joint influence of gonopodial-complex traits on mating performance, 2) correlated evolution of gonopodial-complex traits at macro- and microevolutionary scales, and 3) predator-driven evolution of gonopodial-complex traits in a post-Pleistocene radiation of Bahamas mosquitofish. We found the length of the sperm-transfer organ (gonopodium) and its placement along the body (gonopodial anterior transposition) jointly influenced mating success, with correlational selection favoring particular trait combinations. Despite these two traits functionally interacting during mating, we found no evidence for their correlated evolution at macro- or microevolutionary scales. In contrast, we did uncover correlated evolution of modified vertebral hemal spines (part of the novel body region) and gonopodial anterior transposition at both evolutionary scales, matching predictions of developmental connections between these components. Developmental linkages in the ano-urogenital region apparently play key roles in evolutionary trajectories, but multiple selective agents likely act on gonopodium length and cause less predictable evolution. Within Bahamas mosquitofish, evolution of hemal-spine morphology and gonopodial anterior transposition across predation regimes was quite predictable, with populations evolving under high predation risk showing more modified hemal spines with greater modifications and a more anteriorly positioned gonopodium. These changes in the ano-urogenital vertebral region have facilitated adaptive divergence in swimming abilities and body shape between predation regimes. Gonopodium surface area, but not length, evolved as predicted in Bahamas mosquitofish, consistent with a previously suggested tradeoff between natural and sexual selection on gonopodium size. These results provide insight into how restructured body plans offer novel evolutionary solutions. Here, a novel body region—originally evolved to aid sperm transfer—was apparently co-opted to alter whole-organism performance, facilitating phenotypic diversification.</p>
FIGURE 176. Live adult male S in Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea:Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus
FIGURE 176. Live adult male S. typhlops from near type locality. Note golden band on posterior aspect of each abdominal tergite (photo DC Lightfoot).
FIGURE 151. Live late instar S in Generic relationships of New World Jerusalem crickets (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatoidea:Stenopelmatinae), including all known species of Stenopelmatus
FIGURE 151. Live late instar S. sartorianus from Metlac Canyon, Mexico (S06-39), showing both fore and hind wing pads (photo DC Lightfoot).
Kinesin-1 activity recorded in living cells with a precipitating dye_FIB-SEM_data_2_part1
<p>Kinesin-1 activity recorded in living cells with a precipitating dye_FIB-SEM_data_2_part1</p>
Kinesin-1 activity recorded in living cells with a precipitating dye
<p>Raw Data and Protocols of the article 'Kinesin-1 activity recorded in living cells with a precipitating dye'.</p>
Kinesin-1 activity recorded in living cells with a precipitating dye_FIB-SEM_data_2_part2
<p>Kinesin-1 activity recorded in living cells with a precipitating dye_FIB-SEM_data_2_part2</p>
Single molecule microscopy reveals key physical features of repair foci in living cells
<p>Single Particle Tracking data of repair proteins in budding yeast, described in the manuscript entitled 'Single molecule microscopy reveals key physical features of repair foci in living cells'.</p>
Data from: Range expansion is associated with increased survival and fecundity in a long-lived bat species
The speed and dynamics of range expansions shape species distributions and community composition. Despite the critical impact of population growth rates for range expansion, they are neglected in existing empirical studies, which focus on the investigation of selected life history traits. Here, we present an approach based on non-invasive genetic capture-mark-recapture data for the estimation of adult survival, fecundity, and juvenile survival, which determine population growth. We demonstrate the reliability of our method with simulated data, and use it to investigate life history changes associated with range expansion in 35 colonies of the bat species Rhinolophus hipposideros. Comparing the demographic parameters inferred for 19 of those colonies which belong to an expanding population with those inferred for the remaining 16 colonies from a non-expanding population reveals that range expansion is associated with higher net reproduction. Juvenile survival was the main driver of the observed reproduction increase in this long-lived bat species with low per capita annual reproductive output. The higher average growth rate in the expanding population was not associated with a trade-off between increased reproduction and survival, suggesting that the observed increase in reproduction stems from a higher resource acquisition in the expanding population. Environmental conditions in the novel habitat hence seem to have an important influence on range expansion dynamics, and warrant further investigation for the management of range expansion in both native and invasive species.
Data from: Telomere length reflects reproductive effort indicated by corticosterone levels in a long-lived seabird
Telomere length (TL) is a candidate biomarker of ageing and phenotypic quality, but little is known of the (physiological) causes of TL variation. We previously showed that individual common terns Sterna hirundo with high reproductive success had short telomeres independent of age, and this pattern was particularly strong in the longer telomeres of the within-individual TL distribution. To test whether this relation can be attributed to effects of reproductive effort, we investigated baseline corticosterone in relation to reproductive success (number of fledglings) and TL. In this context, we assume that variation in baseline corticosterone can be interpreted as index of energy expenditure and allostatic load. Males with higher corticosterone levels during incubation, compared between and within individuals, achieved higher reproductive success and had shorter telomeres. The effect on telomeres was more pronounced in corticosterone measured later in incubation and in the longer telomeres of the within-individual TL distribution. Female corticosterone level during incubation was neither related to reproductive success nor to TL. That we observed these effects only in males mirrors different parental roles during reproduction in the common tern, where males do most of the chick provisioning. The negative association between reproductive success and TL suggests individual differences in reproductive effort as reflected in, or mediated by, baseline corticosterone. We see this result as a promising step towards unravelling the physiological causes of variation in TL and the costs of reproduction.
Data from: Short-lived ants take greater risks during food collection
Life-history theory predicts that organisms should alter their behavior if life expectancy declines. Recent theoretical work has focused on worker life expectancy as an ultimate factor in allocating risk-related tasks among the workforce in social insects. A key prediction of this evolutionary model is that workers with shorter life expectancy should perform riskier tasks. We tested this hypothesis using laboratory colonies of the ant Myrmica scabrinodis and modified foraging so that it differed in level of risk by manipulating distances, temperatures and the presence of competitors on foraging patches. The life expectancies of foragers were shortened by poisoning with carbon dioxide or by injury through removal of their propodeal spines. Both treatments significantly shortened worker life expectancy in comparison with untreated ants. We showed, for the first time, that foragers with a shorter life expectancy (poisoned or injured) foraged under risk more often than foragers in the control group. Thus, a worker's strategy of foraging under risky circumstances seems fine-tuned to its life expectancy.
Living in the concrete jungle: carnivore spatial ecology in urban parks
<p>People and wildlife are living in an increasingly urban world, replete with unprecedented human densities, sprawling built environments, and altered landscapes. Such anthropogenic pressures can affect multiple processes within an ecological community, from spatial patterns to interspecific interactions. We tested two competing hypotheses, human shields versus human competitors, to characterize how humans affect the carnivore community using multi-species occupancy models. From 2017-2020, we conducted the first camera survey of city parks in Detroit, Michigan, and collected spatial occurrence data of the local native carnivore community. Our 12,106-trap night survey captured detected data for coyotes (Canis latrans), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), gray foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Overall occupancy varied across species (Ψcoyote=0.40, Ψ raccoon=0.54, Ψred fox =0.19, Ψstriped skunk =0.09). Contrary to expectations, humans did not significantly affect individual occupancy for these urban carnivores. However, co-occurrence between coyote and skunk only increased with human activity. The observed positive spatial association between an apex and subordinate pair supports the human shield hypothesis. Our findings demonstrate how urban carnivores can exploit spatial refugia and coexist with humans in the cityscape. </p>
Microscopy of RNA Polymerase II clusters in live zebrafish embryos
<p>This data set contains raw image data and derived images illustrating clusters of RNA polymerase II as observed in zebrafish embryos. The clusters are labelled by fluorescently marked antibody fragments (Fab) that detect phosphorylation of the C-terminal roman of RNA polymerase II. Antibody fragments were provided by the laboratory of Hiroshi Kimura.</p>
Observation of RNA polymerase clusters in a live zebrafish embryo
<p>Data showing the distribution of RNA polymerase II with serine 5 phosphorylation in the C-terminal domain (CTD) of the subunit 1 (Pol II Ser5P) in a live zebrafish embryo. Images were acquired by instant-SIM microscopy, Pol II Ser5P was marked by fluorescently labeled antibody fragments (Fab) provided by the laboratory of Hiroshi Kimura, Tokyo Institute of Technology. Data were processed using FIJI.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.