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FIGURE 1 in A new species of Moenkhausia from the rio Amazonas and rio Orinoco basins (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 1. Holotype of Moenkhausia mikia, MZUSP 85166, 49.5 mm SL, male, igapó at Jabuti village, rio Tiquié, rio Negro drainage, Amazonas, Brazil.

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FIGURE 7 in A new species of Moenkhausia from the rio Amazonas and rio Orinoco basins (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 7. Distribution of Moenkhausia mikia at rio Orinoco and rio Amazonas basins. Dots may represent more than one lot or locality. Red dot: type locality at rio Tiquié, rio Negro drainage.

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FIGURE 6 in A new species of Moenkhausia from the rio Amazonas and rio Orinoco basins (Characiformes: Characidae)

FIGURE 6. Fin length as function of standard length by sex for Moenkhausia mikia. A: pectoral fin; B: pelvic fin; C: dorsal fin. Length in millimeters.

FIGURES 5A–E. Chrysometa petrasierwaldae n in The spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from the Pico da Neblina and Serra do Tapirapecó mountains (Amazonas, Brazil): new species, new records, diversity and distribution along two altitudinal gradients

FIGURES 5A–E. Chrysometa petrasierwaldae n. sp. A. Male palp, ventral view. B. Same, retrolateral view. C. Epigynum, ventral view. D. Same, posterior view. E. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: AB, 0.3 mm; CDE, 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 7A–D in The spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from the Pico da Neblina and Serra do Tapirapecó mountains (Amazonas, Brazil): new species, new records, diversity and distribution along two altitudinal gradients

FIGURES 7A–D. Chrysometa spp. AB. Chrysometa candianii n. sp. A. Male palp, ventral view. B. Same, retrolateral view. CD. Chrysometa minuta (Keyserling). C. Male palp, ventral view. D. Same, retrolateral view. Scale bars: AB, 0.5mm; CD, 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 1. Study area. A in The spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from the Pico da Neblina and Serra do Tapirapecó mountains (Amazonas, Brazil): new species, new records, diversity and distribution along two altitudinal gradients

FIGURES 1. Study area. A) South America; B) Northern South America (rectangle of map A enlarged). The mountain range at the left of the map represents the northern part of the Andes, and the mountainous region in the center of the map is the Guayana Shield, showing the study area in its southern part; C) Closer view of the study area (rectangle of map B enlarged), showing the two sampled sites, the Pico da Neblina (red circle) and the Serra do Tapirapecó (blue triangule). The white line represents the boundary between Brazil and Venezuela.

FIGURES 3A–E. Chrysometa saci n in The spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from the Pico da Neblina and Serra do Tapirapecó mountains (Amazonas, Brazil): new species, new records, diversity and distribution along two altitudinal gradients

FIGURES 3A–E. Chrysometa saci n. sp. A. Male palp, ventral view. B. Same, retrolateral view. C. Epigynum, ventral view. D. Same, posterior view. E. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: AB, 0.3 mm; CDE, 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 6A–I. Chrysometa spp. A–C. Chrysometa lomanhungae n in The spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from the Pico da Neblina and Serra do Tapirapecó mountains (Amazonas, Brazil): new species, new records, diversity and distribution along two altitudinal gradients

FIGURES 6A–I. Chrysometa spp. A–C. Chrysometa lomanhungae n. sp. A. Epigynum, ventral view. B. Same, posterior view. C. Same, dorsal view. D–F. Chrysometa yanomami n. sp. D. Epigynum, ventral view. E. Same, posterior view. F. Same, dorsal view. G–I. Chrysometa santosi n. sp. G. Epigynum, ventral view. H. Same, posterior view. I. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A– C, 0.1 mm; D–F, 0.1 mm; G–I, 0.3 mm.

FIGURES 2A–E. Chrysometa nubigena n in The spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from the Pico da Neblina and Serra do Tapirapecó mountains (Amazonas, Brazil): new species, new records, diversity and distribution along two altitudinal gradients

FIGURES 2A–E. Chrysometa nubigena n. sp. A. Male palp, ventral view. B. Same, retrolateral view. C. Epigynum, ventral view. D. Same, posterior view. E. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: AB, 0.3 mm; CDE, 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 4A–E. Chrysometa waikoxi n in The spider genus Chrysometa (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from the Pico da Neblina and Serra do Tapirapecó mountains (Amazonas, Brazil): new species, new records, diversity and distribution along two altitudinal gradients

FIGURES 4A–E. Chrysometa waikoxi n. sp. A. Male palp, ventral view. B. Same, retrolateral view. C. Epigynum, ventral view. D. Same, posterior view. E. Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: AB, 0.3 mm; CDE, 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 1–12 in A new species of Alapona DeLong (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Gyponini) from Amazonas State, Northern Brazil

FIGURES 1–12. Alapona modesta sp. nov., male holotype. 1, anterior portion of body, dorsal view. 2, head, frontal view. 3, anterior portion of body, lateral view. 4, forewing. 5, sternite VIII, ventral view. 6, pygofer, lateral view. 7, subgenital plate, ventral view. 8, connective and styles, dorsal view. 9, style, lateral view. 10–12, aedeagus in lateral, dorsal, and caudal views, respectively.

FIGURE 8 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 8. Living tadpoles of Allobates grillisimilis from Borba, Amazonas, Brazil, showing color in life and position of spiracle (indicated by black arrows).

FIGURE 7 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 7. Oral discs of Allobates grillisimilis tadpoles from Borba, Amazonas, Brazil, collected in January 2008. (A) Oblique and (B) ventral views of oral disc of tadpole at developmental stage 27. (C) Tadpole at stage 38, photographed on dark background, emphasizing distribution and length of papillae. (D) A second tadpole at stage 38, photographed on white background, emphasizing relative length of tooth rows. Scale bars correspond to 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 4. Allobates grillisimilis from Borba, Amazonas, Brazil (INPA-H 30779, holotype, male) (A) Right hand and (B) Right foot.

FIGURE 6 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 6. Tadpole of Allobates grillisimilis from Borba, Amazonas, Brazil, collected from an egg clutch in January 2008. From top to bottom: dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of preserved tadpole in developmental stage 27 (INPA-H 30827), used in the detailed description (see text).

FIGURE 2 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 2. Color in life of Allobates grillisimilis (A) Dorsolateral and (B) ventral views of holotype (INPA-H 30779), a male collected in Borba, on the right bank of the lower Madeira River, in January 2008. (C) Lateral view of a calling male from type locality (note white vocal sac and multiple dark transverse bars on thighs and shanks). (D) Lateral view of a female photographed at the same locality. (E) Calling male photographed in Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas, Brazil. (F) Ventral views of male (left) and female (right) Allobates grillisimilis, from the type locality (note the lack of color dimorphism on ventral surfaces of body). Photos by A.P. Lima (A–D, F) and P.I. Simões (E).

FIGURE 1 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of Allobates grillisimilis (A) Inset: relative location of sampling area in northern South America. Red triangles: distribution of Allobates grillisimilis in central Brazilian Amazon. Solid dots: location of permanent grids maintained by the Brazilian Program for Biodiversity Research-PPBio (http://ppbio.inpa.gov.br), and sites where intensive studies focusing on diurnal frogs have been conducted at least three times, where the new species was not recorded. Open dots: sites sampled for diurnal frogs in one or two consecutive years by the authors, where the new species was not recorded. (B) Detailed view of sites of occurrence of Allobates grillisimilis emphasizing their location in the northwestern Madeira-Tapajós interfluve, State of Amazonas. 1: Nova Olinda do Norte; 2: Type locality in the outskirts of Borba; 3: Rio Paraconi, in Maués; 4: Igarapé Tabacal, a tributary of Rio Paraconi, also in Maués.

FIGURE 3 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 3. Allobates grillisimilis from Borba, Amazonas, Brazil. (A) Dorsal, (B) ventral, and (C) lateral views of Allobates grillisimilis holotype (INPA-H 30779, male). (D) Dorsal, (E) ventral, and (F) lateral views of Allobates sp nov. allotype (INPA- H 30780, female). Both individuals have incisions on ventral surface of thighs, made during removal of muscle tissue samples. Scratches on dorsum of both individuals were caused by manipulation.

FIGURE 5 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 5. Variation in color pattern of dorsal surface of body and legs between individuals from the type-series of Allobates grillisimilis. Specimens in upper line from type locality in Borba, Amazonas, Brazil: (A) INPA-H 30784, male; (B) APL30787, male; (C) INPA-H 30798, male. Specimens in middle line from Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas, Brazil: (D) INPA-H 30816, female; (E) INPA-H30817, male; (F) INPA-H 30823, male. Specimens in lower line from Maués, Amazonas, Brazil, all males: (G) MPEG 28536; (H) MPEG 28545; (I) MPEG 28535.

FIGURE 10 in A new diminutive species of Allobates Zimmermann and Zimmermann, 1988 (Anura, Aromobatidae) from the northwestern Rio Madeira—Rio Tapajós interfluve, Amazonas, Brazil

FIGURE 10. Reproductive behavior of Allobates grillisimilis (A) Female (upper left) attracted by a courting male in Nova Olinda do Norte, Amazonas, Brazil. Courtship did not result in oviposition. (B) Female inside a curled dead leaf, used as an oviposition site. (C) Jelly nest containing 13 eggs deposited by the same female. (D) Allobates grillisimilis male collected while transporting tadpoles. All tadpoles being transported were at developmental stage 25 of Gosner (1960). (B), (C), and (D) from type locality in Borba, Amazonas, Brazil, photographed in January 2008.