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188 results for “Biogeographic distribution”
FIGURES 13–14 in Testing the biogeographical regionalization of the Mexican Transition Zone based on the distribution of Curculionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)
FIGURES 13–14. PAE for the Chiapas Highlands (CHIS). 13, consensus cladogram. Bracket shows the clade that defines an area of endemism. 14, areas and microareas of endemism.
FIGURES 11–12 in Testing the biogeographical regionalization of the Mexican Transition Zone based on the distribution of Curculionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)
FIGURES 11–12. PAE for the Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS). 11, consensus cladogram. 12, microareas of endemism.
FIGURES 1–4 in Testing the biogeographical regionalization of the Mexican Transition Zone based on the distribution of Curculionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)
FIGURES 1–4. Areas and microareas of endemism for the MTZ defined using PAE. 1, areas of endemism for the whole MTZ. 2, microareas of endemism for the whole MTZ. 3, areas of endemism for each province of the MTZ. 4, microareas of endemism for each province of the MTZ. SMOC, Sierra Madre Occidental; SMOR, Sierra Madre Oriental; TVB, Transmexican Volcanic Belt; SMS, Sierra Madre del Sur; CHIS, Chiapas Highlands.
FIGURE 15 in Testing the biogeographical regionalization of the Mexican Transition Zone based on the distribution of Curculionidae (Insecta: Coleoptera)
FIGURE 15. Consensus cladogram of PAE for the provinces of the MTZ. CHIS, Chiapas Highlands; SMS, Sierra Madre del Sur; SMOR, Sierra Madre Oriental; TVB, Transmexican Volcanic Belt; SMOC, Sierra Madre Occidental.
Regional climates shape the biogeographic history of a broadly distributed freshwater crab species complex
<p>Aim: The evolutionary importance of paleoclimate regimes has been noted in biogeographic studies. However, little is known about how paleoclimate differences shaped the biogeographic pattern and diversification history of the freshwater fauna in important zoogeographical boundary regions. Here, we aim to investigate how past regional climatic differences have shaped the biogeographic history of the inland aquatic fauna in China using an endemic freshwater crab species complex found on both sides of the Qinling Mountains–Huaihe River Line (QHL), a critical ecological boundary in eastern China, as a model system.</p> <p>Location: Eastern China, the Qinling Mountains–Huaihe River Line.</p> <p>Taxon: The <em>Sinopotamon yangtsekiense</em> species complex.</p> <p>Methods: A total of 482 individuals of <em>Sinopotamon yangtsekiense</em> sensu lato were collected from 34 localities throughout its entire distributional range. The phylogeographic analyses of population structure, morphological and genetic variations, and demographic dynamics were made based on multiple mtDNA and nuDNA loci and on morphological traits. Fine-tuned ecological niche modeling was used to reconstruct the location of climatically suitable areas that existed during the Last Glacial Maximum.</p> <p>Results: The divergence of two freshwater crab lineages across the QHL correlated with significant past variations in monsoon intensity and with the location of multiple refuges. The divergence time was broadly consistent with the timing of the critical paleoclimate transition event in the mid-Pleistocene (95% HPD, 0.48–1.06 Ma). Each freshwater crab lineage has evolved distinct male genital traits associated with their isolation in areas with different precipitation rates and temperatures in the past. The patterns of crab distribution observed today reflect past contractions of the two lineages in response to glacial and interglacial cycles during the Pleistocene, followed by their subsequent rapid expansion after the Last Glacial Maximum (~15 kya).</p> <p>Main conclusions: Populations of the widespread species <em>Sinopotamon yangtsekiense</em> s.l. experienced a deep division in the past that led to the phylogeographical isolation observed today. The two main drivers of genetic isolation in this taxon were (a) differences in the intensity of the monsoons on each side of the QHL boundary during the mid-Pleistocene, and (b) isolation of different populations of <em>S. yangtsekiense</em> s.l. in a number of separate refuges during the LGM.</p>
Rainfall continentality, via the winter GAMS angle, provides a new dimension to biogeographical distributions in the Western United States
<p><b>Aim:</b> Drought stress, and its effects on the biogeography of vegetation, has focused primarily on water availability during the growing season, thus focusing primarly on summer. However, variation in rainfall continentality (i.e., the continental interior being insulated from oceanic influences) can produce striking vegetation differences. We aim to disentangle summer water balance from the influence of rainfall continentality on winter rainfall, to better understand how climate regulated the distributions of woody plants in the Western USA.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Western USA.</p> <p><b>Time period:</b> Actual.</p> <p><b>Major taxa studied: </b>Angiosperms and Conifers.</p> <p><b>Method: </b>We used Redundancy Analysis (RDA) to investigate correlations between rainfall continentality, summer water balance, minimum winter temperature and length of growing season on the distributions of 130 tree and shrub species in 467 plots. Rainfall continentality was calculated using the Gams (1932) index, modified for winter precipitation, and summer water balance with the ratio of summer precipitation to temperature. We estimated Actual EvapoTranspiration (AET), Deficit (DEF), mean annual temperature and rainfall from global gridded datasets and correlated them with RDA axes.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Rainfall continentality measured with the Gams index and minimum temperatures best explained the contrast between oceanic vegetation in the Pacific Coast Ranges and continental vegetation in the Intermountain Region and Rocky Mountains. Growing Season Length (GSL) was the second strongest factor correlated with vegetation distributions. Summer water balance, despite being the most widely used climatic factor to assess drought stress in biogeography, was the third strongest factor correlating with vegetation classes of the western US. AET was equally correlated with RDA axes 1 and 3, and, thus, could not discriminate between the contrasts in the RDA.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions:</b> Rainfall continentality measured with the winter Gams index provides a more precise metric than summer water balance for understanding how the biogeography of woody plants in the western USA is regulated by climate. Broadly integrating the Gams index of continentality into plant distributions may improve our understanding of biogeographical distributions, the evolution of subspecies in species that span coastal to interior regions, and predictions of responses to climate change.</p>
FIGURE 8. Distribution map for Hygronemobius species. H in New Neotropical species of Hygronemobius Hebard, 1913 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Nemobiinae), including a brief discussion of male genitalia morphology and preliminary biogeographic considerations of the genus
FIGURE 8. Distribution map for Hygronemobius species. H. albipalpus (solid black lozenge), H. albolineatus (solid star), H. alleni (solid black circle), H. amoenus (empty star), H. basalis (empty triangle with central solid circle), H. benoisti (empty circle with central solid circle), H. boreus (solid green circle), H. daphne (solid red triangle), H. darienicus (solid black square), H. diplagion (empty cross), H. dissimilis (solid red square), H. elegans (empty square with central "x"), H. epia (empty square with central solid circle), H. guriri sp. n. (solid orange square), H. histrionicus (solid black triangle), H. indaia sp. n. (solid green triangle), H. iperoigae sp. n. (half black and white circle), H. liura (empty circle with internal cross), H. longespinosus ('x"), H. minutipennis (empty circle with internal triangle), H. nanus (empty circle with internal "x"), H. nemoralis (solid orange circle), H. nigrofasciatus (solid asterisk), H. speculi (solid blue circle), H. stellatus (empty circle), H. tetraplagion (solid cross), H. torquatus (empty asterisk). The question mark indicates the unknown location of H. araucanus in Chile.
Data from: Genomic comparisons reveal biogeographic and anthropogenic impacts in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus); a dietary-specialist species distributed across heterogeneous environments
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Regional climates shape the biogeographic history of a broadly distributed freshwater crab species complex
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Data from: The future distribution of the savannah biome: model-based and biogeographic contingency
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Major biogeographic barriers in eastern Australia have shaped population structure of widely distributed Eucalyptus moluccana and its four putative subspecies
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Rainfall continentality, via the winter GAMS angle, provides a new dimension to biogeographical distributions in the Western United States
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Host-Parasite biogeographic interactions: modelling the distribution of Phyllotis xanthopygus rodents complex and their flea assemblage using the favorability function
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FIGURE 21 in On the genus Hermippus Simon, 1893 (Araneae: Zodariidae, Zodariinae) in India with the description of three new species from the Western Ghats and proposing a new biogeographical hypothesis for the distribution of the genus
FIGURE 21. Map showing current distribution of all the described Oriental Hermippus species.
Supplementary material 1 from: Rosenfeld S, Aldea C, Mansilla A, Marambio J, Ojeda J (2015) Richness, systematics, and distribution of molluscs associated with the macroalga Gigartina skottsbergii in the Strait of Magellan, Chile: A biogeographic affinity study. ZooKeys 519: 49-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.519.9676
Appendix: Explanation note: Species excluded from the analysis of Table 3 (biogeographic analysis)
Figure 2 from: Valverde Castro C, Buenaventura E, Sánchez-Rodríguez JD, Wolff M (2017) Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) from the Colombian Guajira biogeographic province, an approach to their ecology and distribution. Zoologia 34: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e12277
Figure 2 Serial analysis of distribution of species of Sarcophaginae in the Guajira province between habitats (Monte Carlo method with 30 random matrices = 0.878).
Figures 3-4 from: Valverde Castro C, Buenaventura E, Sánchez-Rodríguez JD, Wolff M (2017) Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) from the Colombian Guajira biogeographic province, an approach to their ecology and distribution. Zoologia 34: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.34.e12277
Figures 3-4 Correspondence analysis: (3) between the 28 Sarcophaginae species collected in the Guajira province and the three types of habitat (urban, rural, and forest); (4) between species and baits. Species were coded with the numbers from 1 to 28 (see Table 1) to simplify the graphic.
Figure 5 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
Figure 5 Results of quantitative samplings in rockpools at four sites on the eastern coast of Kyushu, southern Japan. Solid bars and plots show mean density (error bars indicating standard error) and occurrence rates of each species of Chaenogobius (upper, C. annularis; lower, C. gulosus) at each site in the two seasons (left, spring; right, autumn) respectively. Abbreviations of the sites on the x-axis are as follows: Ot, Oita; N-My, N-Miyazaki, S-My, S-Miyazaki; TnI, Tanega-shima (these locality names correspond to those used in Fig. 3). Sample sizes, n = 5, except for Tanega-shima in autumn (n = 8).
Figure 4 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
Figure 4 Records (circles and a triangle) of Chaenogobius annularis (left) and C. gulosus (right) in south-east Kyushu, southern Japan, based on the examination of museum specimens (qualitative survey). A triangle indicating occurrence of C. gulosus in Tanega-shima Island by possible human-induced transportation.
Figure 3 from: Murase A, Miki R, Motomura H (2017) Southern limits of distribution of the intertidal gobies Chaenogobius annularis and C. gulosus support the existence of a biogeographic boundary in southern Japan (Teleostei, Perciformes, Gobiidae). ZooKeys 725: 79-95. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.725.19952
Figure 3 Map showing the sampling sites in the present study (squares) and the site of a previous study (triangle, Yaku-shima Island: Murase 2013, 2015) for the quantitative survey in rock pools along the eastern coast of Kyushu, southern Japan.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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