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934 results for “Bovines”
Dataset: Co-administration of adjuvanted recombinant Ov-103 and Ov-RAL2 vaccines confer protection against natural challenge in a bovine O. ochengi infection model of human onchocerciasis
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Data from: A study of applicability of SNP chips developed for bovine and ovine species to whole-genome analysis of reindeer Rangifer tarandus
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Data from: Disease, predation and demography: assessing the impacts of bovine tuberculosis on African buffalo by monitoring at individual and population levels
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Data from: Occurrence and phylogenetic analysis of bovine respiratory syncytial virus in outbreaks of respiratory disease in Norway
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Data from: Badgers prefer cattle pasture but avoid cattle: implications for bovine tuberculosis control
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Data from: Interspecific visitation of cattle and badgers to fomites: a transmission risk for bovine tuberculosis?
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Data from: Natural resistance to worms exacerbates bovine tuberculosis severity independently of worm coinfection
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Emodepside targets SLO-1 channels of Onchocerca ochengi and induces broad anthelmintic effects in a bovine model of onchocerciasis
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Data from: Risk factors associated to a high Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex seroprevalence in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from a low bovine tuberculosis prevalence area
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METHODS. Bovine ilia were used in the simulations because their histological structure (a fibrolamellar cortex overlying cancellous bone26) was found to match that of the Triceratops ilium. Bone sections 10 x 50 x 縠 3.0 cm with cortices ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 mm in depth (the range of initial cortical-thickness estimates based on gross morphology) were mounted on a servohydraulic mechanical loading frame (MTS Bionix, Minneapolis) and penetrated with an aluminium-bronze T. rex tooth replica. The replica was cast from an actual adult T. rex maxillary tooth, after casts made from some ofthe deeper bite marks revealed the size and shape of the teeth that had impacted the pelvis8 • The replica was penetrated into the ilia sections at 1 mm s-1 to a depth of 11.5 mm, equivalent to the maximum depth of the deepest ilium bite mark8 • Forces were measured with an MTS 25 N strain-gauge-based axial load cell accurate to 0.2%. The forces increased with increasing penetration depth even after the cortical layer had been perforated and the underlying cancellous bone was being crushed. The increase in force with penetration depth is attributed to a greater cortical surface area coming into contact with the semi-conical penetrator tooth as it descended through the ilia. in Bite-force estimation for Tyrannosaurus rex from tooth-marked bones
METHODS. Bovine ilia were used in the simulations because their histological structure (a fibrolamellar cortex overlying cancellous bone26) was found to match that of the Triceratops ilium. Bone sections 10 x 50 x 縠 3.0 cm with cortices ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 mm in depth (the range of initial cortical-thickness estimates based on gross morphology) were mounted on a servohydraulic mechanical loading frame (MTS Bionix, Minneapolis) and penetrated with an aluminium-bronze T. rex tooth replica. The replica was cast from an actual adult T. rex maxillary tooth, after casts made from some ofthe deeper bite marks revealed the size and shape of the teeth that had impacted the pelvis8 • The replica was penetrated into the ilia sections at 1 mm s-1 to a depth of 11.5 mm, equivalent to the maximum depth of the deepest ilium bite mark8 • Forces were measured with an MTS 25 N strain-gauge-based axial load cell accurate to 0.2%. The forces increased with increasing penetration depth even after the cortical layer had been perforated and the underlying cancellous bone was being crushed. The increase in force with penetration depth is attributed to a greater cortical surface area coming into contact with the semi-conical penetrator tooth as it descended through the ilia.
Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA)/Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) Biohybrid Nanofibers Coated with a Biomineralized Calcium Deficient Hydroxyapatite (HA) Shell for Wound Dressing
<p>Here, for the first time, a nanofibrous (NF) wound dressing is developed based on biomineralized polyacrylonitrile<br> (PAN) nanofibers. In contrast to the majority of the currently available nanofibrous wound dressings that are based on<br> natural polymers, PAN employed in this study is a synthetic, industrial polymer that has rarely been considered for this<br> purpose. PAN NFs are first hydrolyzed to allow for tethering of biofunctional agents (here Bovine Serum Albumin<br> (BSA)). Later, the biofunctionlized PAN NFs are induced to biomineralize by immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF).<br> As a result, core-shell, calcium deficient hydroxyapatite (HA)/BSA/PAN nanofibers form, that are larger in<br> diameter (318 vs. 298 nm) and mechanically stronger (elastic modulus; 8.5 vs. 6 MPa) compared to the untreated PAN<br> NFs. The biomineralized PAN NFs showed promising bioactivity as reflected in the cell biology tests with fibroblast and<br> keratinocyte cells. Hs68 fibroblasts and HaCat keratinocytes were found to be more viable in the presence of the<br> biomineralized NFs than when they were co-cultured with the neat PAN NFs. Such mechanical and biological<br> characteristics of the novel PAN NFs are favorable for wound dressing applications. More importantly, given the simple<br> and cost-effective surface treatment approach presented here and the widely available knowledge for large scale,<br> industrial processing of PAN, the present nanofibrous material holds promise for medical translation and further<br> investigations leading to commercialization strategies.</p>
FIG. 1 in Protéger et abattre les bovins au pays de la « vache sacrée »: usages symboliques, politiques et économiques des vaches et des buffles dans l'Inde contemporaine
FIG. 1. — Carte de la consommation moyenne de viande de boeuf en Inde en 2011 (en kilogrammes par personne). Conception et réalisation: M. Bruckert; fond de carte: P. Raffard (UMR ISCC).
Data from: Adaptive admixture in the West African bovine hybrid zone: insight from the Borgou population
Understanding the adaptive response to environmental fluctuations represents a central issue in evolutionary biology. Population admixture between divergent ancestries has often been considered as an efficient short-term adaptation strategy. Cattle populations from the West African Bos taurus x Bos indicus hybrid zone represent a valuable resource to characterize the effect of such adaptive admixture at the genome level. We here provide a detailed assessment of the global and local genome ancestries of the Borgou breed, one of the most representative cattle of this hybrid zone. We analyzed a large data set consisting of 38,100 SNPs genotyped on 203 Borgou and 591 individuals representative of all the different cattle ancestries. At the global genomic level, we show that Borgou is a stabilized admixed breed whose origin (130 years ago) traces back to the great African rinderpest pandemic, several centuries after the last admixture events, the West-African zebus originate from (512 years ago). To identify footprints of adaptive admixture, we combined the identification of signatures of selection and the functional annotation of the underlying genes using systems biology tools. The detection of the SILV coat coloration gene likely under artificial selection may be viewed as a validation of our approach. Overall our results suggest that the long-term presence of pathogens and the intermediate environmental conditions are the main acting selective pressures. Our analytical framework can be extended to other model or non-model species to understand the process that shapes the patterns of genetic variability in hybrid zones.
Data from: Genomic analysis offers insights into the evolution of the bovine TRA/TRD locus
Background: The TRA/TRD locus contains the genes for V(D)J somatic rearrangement of TRA and TRD chains expressed by αβ and γδ T cells respectively. Previous studies have demonstrated that the bovine TRA/TRD locus contains an exceptionally large number of TRAV/TRDV genes. In this study we combine genomic and transcript analysis to provide insights into the evolutionary development of the bovine TRA/TRD locus and the remarkable TRAV/TRDV gene repertoire. Results: Annotation of the UMD3.1 assembly identified 371 TRAV/TRDV genes (distributed in 42 subgroups), 3 TRDJ, 6 TRDD, 62 TRAJ and single TRAC and TRDC genes, most of which were located within a 3.5 Mb region of chromosome 10. Most of the TRAV/TRDV subgroups have multiple members and several have undergone dramatic expansion, most notably TRDV1 (60 genes). Wide variation in the proportion of pseudogenes within individual subgroups, suggest that differential 'birth' and 'death' rates have been used to form a functional bovine TRAV/TRDV repertoire which is phylogenetically distinct from that of humans and mice. The expansion of the bovine TRAV/TRDV gene repertoire has predominantly been achieved through a complex series of homology unit (regions of DNA containing multiple gene) replications. Frequent co-localisation within homology units of genes from subgroups with low and high pseudogene proportions suggest that replication of homology units driven by evolutionary selection for the former may have led to a 'collateral' expansion of the latter. Transcript analysis was used to define the TRAV/TRDV subgroups available for recombination of TRA and TRD chains and demonstrated preferential usage of different subgroups by the expressed TRA and TRD repertoires, indicating that TRA and TRD selection have had distinct impacts on the evolution of the TRAV/TRDV repertoire. Conclusion: Both TRA and TRD selection have contributed to the evolution of the bovine TRAV/TRDV repertoire. However, our data suggest that due to homology unit duplication TRD selection for TRDV1 subgroup expansion may have substantially contributed to the genomic expansion of several TRAV subgroups. Such data demonstrate how integration of genomic and transcript data can provide a more nuanced appreciation of the evolutionary dynamics that have led to the dramatically expanded bovine TRAV/TRDV repertoire.
A new mechanism for a familiar mutation – bovine DGAT1 K232A modulates gene expression through multi-junction exon splice enhancement
<p>The <i>DGAT1</i> gene encodes an enzyme responsible for catalysing the terminal reaction in mammary triglyceride synthesis, and underpins a well-known pleiotropic quantitative trait locus (QTL) with a large influence on milk composition phenotypes. Since first described over 15 years ago, a protein-coding variant K232A has been assumed as the causative variant underlying these effects, following <i>in-vitro</i> studies that demonstrated differing levels of triglyceride synthesis between the two protein isoforms. In the current study, we used a large RNAseq dataset to re-examine the underlying mechanisms of this large milk production QTL, and hereby report novel expression-based functions of the chr14 g.1802265AA>GC variant that encodes the <i>DGAT1 </i>K232A substitution. Using expression QTL (eQTL) mapping, we demonstrate a highly-significant mammary eQTL for <i>DGAT1, </i>where the K232A mutation appears as one of the top associated variants for this effect. By conducting <i>in vitro</i> expression and splicing experiments in bovine mammary cell culture, we further show modulation of splicing efficiency by this mutation, likely through disruption of an exon splice enhancer as a consequence of the allele encoding the 232A variant. Although the relative contributions of the enzymatic and transcription-based mechanisms now attributed to K232A remain unclear, these results suggest that transcriptional impacts contribute to the diversity of lactation effects observed at this locus.</p>
Genome-wide profiling of histone H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 modifications in individual bovine blastocysts by NTU-CAT
<p>BAM and corresponding BW files generated by NON-TiE-UP CUT&Tag (NTU-CAT).</p>
Data from: Sequence-based association analysis reveals an MGST1 eQTL with pleiotropic effects on bovine milk composition
[No abstract entered]
Data Analysis Scripts Bovine Myoblasts
<p>Data analysis scripts for the proteome and transcriptome analysis of bovine myoblasts.</p> <p>Raw & processed mass spectrometry data for proteome analysis can be accessed under PXD052959.</p>
FIG. 3 in De l'art d'engraisser les bovins dans le berceau de la Charolaise
FIG. 3. — Les enfants sur le champ de foire de Saint-Christophe-en-Brionnais au début du XXe siècle. Photo: collection personnelle Dominique Fayard.
Rotary catalysis of bovine mitochondrial F1-ATPase studied by single-molecule experiments
<p><span>The reaction scheme of rotary catalysis and the torque generation mechanism of bovine mitochondrial F<sub>1</sub> (<i>b</i>MF<sub>1</sub>) were studied in single-molecule experiments. Under ATP-saturated concentrations, high-speed imaging of single 40 nm gold bead attached to the γ subunit of <i>b</i>MF<sub>1</sub> showed two types of intervening pauses during the rotation that were discriminated by <i>short</i> <i>dwell</i> and <i>long dwell</i>. <span>Using ATP</span><span>g</span><span>S as a slowly hydrolyzing ATP derivative as well as using a functional mutant </span><span>b</span><span>E188D with slowed ATP hydrolysis, the two pausing events were distinctively identified. </span>Buffer-exchange experiment with a non-hydrolyzable analog (AMP-PNP) revealed that the <i>long</i><i> dwell</i> corresponds to the catalytic dwell, i.e. the waiting state for hydrolysis, while it remains elusive which catalytic state <i>short pause</i> represents. The angular position of <i>catalytic dwell</i> was determined to be at +80° from <i>ATP-binding angle</i>, mostly consistent with other F<sub>1</sub>s. The position of <i>short dwell </i>was found at 50-60° from <i>catalytic dwell</i>, <i>i.e.</i> +10-20° from <i>ATP-binding angle</i>. This is a distinct difference from human mitochondrial F<sub>1</sub> (<i>h</i>MF<sub>1</sub>) that also shows the intervening dwell that probably corresponding to <i>short dwell</i> of <i>b</i>MF<sub>1</sub>, at +65° from <i>binding pause</i>. Furthermore, we conducted 'stall-and-release' experiments with magnetic tweezers to reveal how the binding affinity and hydrolysis equilibrium are modulated by the g rotation. Similar to thermophilic F<sub>1</sub>, <i>b</i>MF<sub>1</sub> showed a strong exponential increase in ATP affinity while the hydrolysis equilibrium did not change significantly. This indicates that the ATP binding process generates larger torque than hydrolysis process. </span></p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.