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769 results for “CULTIVATE”
FESEM images after cultivating dental plaque on Ti-based metallic glass and Ti6Al4V
<p>Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy after culturing dental plaque on Ti<sub>40</sub>Zr<sub>10</sub>Cu<sub>36</sub>Pd<sub>14 </sub>bulk metallic glass compared with Ti6Al4V. </p>
Protocols of Ulva spp. cultivation in Brazil
<p>This work establishes a protocol to cultivate <em>Ulva ohnoi </em>germlings in Brazil and compares the productivity to vegetative propagules.</p>
Naturalization of introduced plants is driven by life-form-dependent cultivation biases
<p><em>Aims: </em></p> <p>Most naturalized plants are escapees from cultivation. Inventories of cultivated introduced species thus offer unique, still underutilized, opportunities to assess naturalization drivers of introduced plants. We used a comprehensive inventory of 13,718 introduced species cultivated in China's botanical gardens to test which species characteristics distinguish the 739 species that have naturalized.</p> <p><em>Locations:</em> China.</p> <p><em>Methods: </em></p> <p>We used generalized linear models to test whether the naturalization of cultivated introduced plants in China is associated with functional traits, propagule pressure, environmental niche, and introduction history. To test direct and indirect effects of those variables and their relative importance in driving naturalization, we used structural equation models.</p> <p><em>Results: </em></p> <p>We showed that species were more likely to naturalize when they originate from the Americas, are more widely cultivated, and have a longer residence time. Moreover, species were more likely to naturalize if they have a good environmental match, are short-lived herbs, are predominantly propagated from seeds, and, in the case of herbs, are relatively tall compared to other herbs. Part of the latter effects are mediated by how these variables relate to propagule-pressure proxies, and this varies among short-lived herbs, long-lived herbs and woody plants. Main conclusions: Naturalization is partly driven by life-form-dependent cultivation biases.</p>
Novel fusarium wilt resistance genes uncovered in natural and cultivated strawberry populations are found on three non-homoeologous chromosomes
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Data from: Human avoidance, selection for darkness and prey activity explain wolf diel activity in a highly cultivated landscape
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Data from: Predicting invasion success of cultivated naturalized plants in China
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Selective sweeps identification in distinct groups of cultivated rye (Secale cereale L.) germplasm provides potential candidate genes for crop improvement
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Naturalization of introduced plants is driven by life-form-dependent cultivation biases
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Introduction history mediates naturalization and invasiveness of cultivated plants
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Data from: Evaluating UAV captured RGB and multispectral imagery as a proxy for visual rating of leaf spot in cultivated peanut
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American Residential Macrosystems - Presence/absence and cultivation status of plant species within residential yards in seven major metropolitan areas, 2012-2013
"We used the presence and absence of plant species in residential yards and nearby natural areas to assess biotic ecological homogenization in seven cities across the U.S. that span major ecological biomes and climatic regions (Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, Los Angeles, CA, Miami, FL, Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN, Phoenix, AZ. and Salt Lake City, UT). "
SGS-LTER Earthwatch Project - Nitrogen and Carbon in Native, Abandoned and Cultivated Fields in eastern Colorado, USA 1991
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Our objective in this study was to evaluate effects of land use on in situ net N mineralization in shortgrass steppe by comparing native and abandoned fields and cultivated fields, and by comparing soil under and between plants within native and abandoned fields. We also compared mineralization patterns between in situ and laboratory incubations to evaluate the role of environmental restrictions in determining N supply across management treatments and microsites. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82140
SGS-LTER Earthwatch - In situ Nitrogen Mineralization on Native, Abandoned and Cultivated Fields in eastern Colorado, USA in 1991
This data package was produced by researchers working on the Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research (SGS-LTER) Project, administered at Colorado State University. Long-term datasets and background information (proposals, reports, photographs, etc.) on the SGS-LTER project are contained in a comprehensive project collection within the Digital Collections of Colorado (http://digitool.library.colostate.edu/R/?func=collections&collection_id=3429). The data table and associated metadata document, which is generated in Ecological Metadata Language, may be available through other repositories serving the ecological research community and represent components of the larger SGS-LTER project collection. Our objective in this study was to evaluate effects of land use on in situ net N mineralization in shortgrass steppe by comparing native and abandoned fields and cultivated fields, and by comparing soil under and between plants within native and abandoned fields. We also compared mineralization patterns between in situ and laboratory incubations to evaluate the role of environmental restrictions in determining N supply across management treatments and microsites. Additional information and referenced materials can be found: http://hdl.handle.net/10217/82140
Functional groups of wild bees respond differently to faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivation at landscape scale
<p><span><b>1.</b> Concerns about insect declines are growing and the provisioning of ecosystem services like pollination may be threatened. To safeguard biodiversity, greening measures were introduced within the reform of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy. One measure commonly applied by farmers is the cultivation of nitrogen fixing crops. Although underlying studies are largely missing, this measure is criticized as providing no significant biodiversity benefit.<b> </b></span></p> <p><span><b>2.</b> Using a landscape-scale approach, we selected 30 paired study landscapes (1km x 1km) in Germany, i.e. 15 study landscapes with faba bean (FB) fields (<i>Vicia faba</i> L.) and 15 without any grain legumes. Flower-visiting wild bees were recorded with transect walks at the field margins of different crops using a stratified sampling approach. We analyzed the effect of FB cultivation and landscape composition on the abundance and species richness of wild bees as well as on the functional composition of the bee communities. </span></p> <p><span><b>3.</b> Bumblebee densities (<i>Bombus</i> spp. Latreille) were more than twice as high in FB compared to control landscapes after the flowering of the beans. Non-<i>Bombus</i> wild bee densities, however, were not affected by FB cultivation, but were enhanced by increasing amounts of semi-natural habitats (SNH). </span></p> <p><span><b>4.</b> After the beans` blooming had ceased, FB landscapes had a higher proportion of wild bees collecting pollen from Fabaceae than control landscapes. The community weighted means for bee size, measured as intertegular distance, were not affected by FB cultivation, but we found smaller species and species with shorter tongues with an increasing percentage of SNH. </span></p> <p><span><b>5.</b> <i>Synthesis and applications</i>. The cultivation of faba bean (<i>V. faba </i>L.<i>)</i> strongly increased bumblebee densities throughout the season. This indicates that also on-field greening measures can support biodiversity. Nevertheless, since only functional groups adapted to faba bean benefit, measures to promote semi-natural habitats in agricultural landscapes need to be implemented. We conclude that the combination of on- and off-field measures is essential to maintain farmland biodiversity and the Common Agricultural Policy should furthermore promote both.</span></p>
Population genetic structure and classification of cultivated and wild pea (Pisum sp.) based on morphological traits and SSR markers
<p>Pea (<em>Pisum</em> <em>sativum</em> L.) is an important legume crop that is widely grown worldwide for human consumption and livestock feed. Despite extensive studies, the population genetic structure and classification of cultivated and wild pea (<em>Pisum</em> sp.) are remaining controversial. To characterize patterns of genetic and morphological variation and investigate the classification of <em>Pisum</em>, we conducted comprehensive population genetic analyses for 323 accessions from cultivated and wild pea representing three species of <em>Pisum</em> utilizing 34 morphological traits and 87 polymorphic SSR markers. First, we identified three distinct genetic groups among all samples. Group I was primarily composed of <em>Pisum fulvum</em>, <em>Pisum</em> <em>abyssinicum</em> and some wild <em>P. sativum</em> accessions, whereas groups II and III consisted of the two genetic groups under <em>P. sativum </em>representing different geographic distributions of cultivated pea. Analyses of morphological variation revealed significant differences among the three species. Second, among pea germplasms representing eight taxa of <em>Pisum</em>, <em>P. fulvum</em> and <em>P. abyssinicum</em> possessed unique genetic backgrounds and morphological characteristics, corroborating their independent species status. The intraspecific subdivisions of <em>P. sativum</em> described by some authors were not supported in this study, with the exception of several genotypes of <em>P. sativum</em> subsp. <em>elatius</em> that were clustered with <em>P. fulvum</em> and <em>P. abyssinicum</em>. Finally, we confirmed that the Chinese pea germplasm was genetically distinct and could be divided into two genetic groups, each of which included both spring-sowing and autumn-sowing ecotypes. These results provide a robust foundation for understanding pea domestication and the utilization of wild genetic resources of pea.</p>
Ecological patterns of root nodule diversity in cultivated and wild rooibos populations: a community prediction approach
<p>There is interest in understanding the factors behind the biogeography of root-associated bacteria due to the joint effects that plant host, climate, and soil conditions can have on bacterial diversity. For legume crops with remaining wild populations, this is of even more importance, because the effects of cropping on undisturbed root-associated bacterial communities can be addressed. Here, we used a community prediction approach to describe the diversity of the root nodule bacterial communities of rooibos (<i>Aspalathus linearis</i>), an endemic legume crop from South Africa. The goal was to reveal whether patterns of root nodule community composition in paired cultivated and wild rooibos populations could be related to geographical distance, plant traits, and plant population type (i.e. cultivated or uncultivated). We identified a core of dominant and widespread <i>Mesorhizobium</i> ZOTUs that each defined one of 4 different root nodule community classes. Rooibos cultivation impacted root nodule bacterial diversity at regional and local scales, while the geographical origin of the root nodule communities was the strongest predictor of root nodule community structure. Beyond impacts of cultivation on root nodule bacterial diversity, this study suggests a mixture of dispersal limitation and ecological drift regionally, and selection by different plant populations locally, define the biogeography of rooibos root nodule bacterial communities. </p>
Data from: Applying community ecological theory to maximize productivity of cultivated biocrusts
Degraded rangelands around the world may benefit from the reestablishment of lost biological soil crusts (biocrusts, soil surface cryptogamic-microbial communities). Cultivation of biocrust organisms is the first step in this process, and may benefit from harnessing species interactions. Species interactions are a dominant force structuring ecological communities. One key element of community structure, species richness, is itself important because it can promote the productivity of the entire community. Here, we use biological soil crusts as a model to test the effects of species interactions on production of biocrust materials for use in ecosystem rehabilitation. We screened eight different moss and lichen species from semi-arid rangelands of Montana, USA, for growth potential under two watering regimes. Mosses generally grew well, but we were unable to cultivate the selected lichen species. We produced a >400% increase in the biomass of one species (Ceratodon purpureus). We tested whether a parasite-host relationship between two lichens could be used to enhance productivity of the parasite species, but this also resulted in no net gain of lichen productivity. Finally, we constructed all possible community combinations from a pool of five moss species to test for overyielding (community productivity exceeding that expected from the growth of community members in monoculture), and to determine both if, and the mode in which, species richness increases productivity. Polycultures yielded more than would be expected based upon the production of community constituents in monoculture. Using structural equation models we determined that there was a modest effect of species richness on community productivity (r = 0.24-0.25), which was independent of a stronger effect of the identity of species in the community (r = 0.41-0.50). These results will contribute to the optimization of biocrust cultivation, promoting the development of this emerging ecological rehabilitation technology.
Data from: Phylogenetic relationships, breeding implications, and cultivation history of Hawaiian taro (Colocasia esculenta) through genome-wide SNP genotyping
Taro, Colocasia esculenta, is one of the world's oldest root crops and of particular economic and cultural significance in Hawai'i, where historically more than 150 different landraces were grown. We developed a genome-wide set of more than 2400 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers from 70 taro accessions of Hawaiian, South Pacific, Palauan, and mainland Asian origins, with several objectives: (a) uncover the phylogenetic relationships between Hawaiian and other Pacific landraces, (b) shed light on the history of taro cultivation in Hawai'i, and (c) develop a tool to discriminate among Hawaiian and other taros. We found that almost all existing Hawaiian landraces fall into five monophyletic groups that are largely consistent with the traditional Hawaiian classification based on morphological characters, e.g., leaf shape and petiole color. Genetic diversity was low within these clades but considerably higher between them. Population structure analyses further indicated that the diversification of taro in Hawai'i most likely occurred by a combination of frequent somatic mutation and occasional hybridization. Unexpectedly, the South Pacific accessions were found nested within the clades mainly composed of Hawaiian accessions, rather than paraphyletic to them. This suggests that the origin of clades identified here preceded the colonization of Hawai'i, and that early Polynesian settlers brought taro landraces from different clades with them. In the absence of a sequenced genome, this marker set provides a valuable resource towards obtaining a genetic linkage map, and to study the genetic basis of phenotypic traits of interest to taro breeding such as disease resistance.
Cultivation of host-associated bacteria under sulfide-enriched microoxic and anoxic conditions
<p>Three images of cell colonies on culture plates inoculated with gill tissue homogenate from <em>Bathymodiolus brooksi</em>. The colonies grew under the following conditions: </p> <ul> <li>IMG_2467: microoxic, low H2S, low ammonium</li> <li>IMG_2468: microoxic, low H2S, low ammonium, organics</li> <li>IMG_2474: microoxic, low H2S, high ammonium, organics, 1 mM thiosulfate</li> </ul> <p>Image of a control plate without cultures inoculated with heat sterilized aliquot of <em>Bathymodiolus brooksi</em> gill homogenate:</p> <ul> <li>IMG_2475</li> </ul> <p>Two images of pH controls plated with homogenization medium that did not contain gill homogenate:</p> <ul> <li>IMG_2477: phenol red</li> <li>IMG_2479: bromothymol blue</li> </ul> <p>Two close up photos of colonies on agar plates</p> <ul> <li>IMG_2485</li> <li>IMG_2488</li> </ul>
Invasion risk of the currently cultivated alien flora in Southern Africa is predicted to decline under climate change
<p>Alien species can have massive impacts on native biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and human livelihoods. Assessing which species from currently cultivated alien floras may escape into the wild and naturalize is essential for efficient and proactive ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. Climate change has already promoted the naturalization of many alien plants in temperate regions, but whether it is similar in (sub)tropical areas is insufficiently known. In this study, we used species distribution models for 1,527 cultivated alien plants to evaluate current and future invasion risks across different biomes and 10 countries in southern Africa. Our results confirm that the area of suitable climate is a strong predictor of naturalization success among the cultivated alien flora. In contrast to previous findings from temperate regions, however, climatic suitability is generally predicted to decrease for potential aliens across our (sub)tropical study region. While increasingly hotter and drier conditions are likely to drive declines in suitability for potential aliens across most biomes of southern Africa, in some the number of potential invaders is predicted to increase under moderate climate change scenarios (e.g., in dry broadleaf forests and flooded grasslands). We found that climatic suitability is expected to decline less for aliens originating from continents with the tropical biome or from the Southern Hemisphere. In addition, we found that the climatically suitable area will decline less for aliens that have already naturalized in the region. While the number of potential invaders may decrease across southern Africa under future climate change, our results suggest that already naturalized aliens will continue to threaten native species and ecosystems.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.