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185 results for “Changing environments”
Data from: How does parental environment influence the potential for adaptation to global change?
Parental environments are regularly shown to alter the mean fitness of offspring, but their impacts on the genetic variation for fitness, which predicts adaptive capacity and is also measured on offspring, are unclear. Consequently, how parental environments mediate adaptation to environmental stressors, like those accompanying global change, is largely unknown. Here, using an ecologically-important marine tubeworm in a quantitative-genetic breeding design, we tested how parental exposure to projected ocean warming alters the mean survival, and genetic variation for survival, of offspring during their most vulnerable life stage under current and projected temperatures. Offspring survival was higher when parent and offspring temperatures matched. Across offspring temperatures, parental exposure to warming altered the distribution of additive genetic variance for survival, making it covary across current and projected temperatures in a way that may aid adaptation to future warming. Parental exposure to warming also amplified nonadditive genetic variance for survival, suggesting that compatibilities between parental genomes may grow increasingly important under future warming. Our study shows that parental environments potentially have broader-ranging effects on adaptive capacity than currently appreciated, not only mitigating the negative impacts of global change, but also reshaping the raw fuel for evolutionary responses to it.
Fig. 2. a in Benthic and Planktic Foraminifera as Indicators of Late Glacial to Holocene Paleoclimatic Changes in a Marginal Environment: An Example from the Southeastern Bay of Biscay
Fig. 2. a – age model and AMS radiocarbon ages for Cores FC WH and CADIAC WH; b – X-Ray photograph of Core CADIAC WH and grain-size parameters.
Fig. 3 in Benthic and Planktic Foraminifera as Indicators of Late Glacial to Holocene Paleoclimatic Changes in a Marginal Environment: An Example from the Southeastern Bay of Biscay
Fig. 3. Benthic foraminiferal fauna characteristics of Core FC WH: a – densities of the main (> 5% in at least one sample) living benthic foraminifera (ind. 50 cm–3 of wet sediment); b – species richness of the living benthic fauna; c – densities of the main (> 5% in at least one sample) dead benthic foraminiferal species (ind. 50 cm–3 of wet sediment); d – species richness of the dead benthic fauna.
Data from: Mechanisms of thermal adaptation and evolutionary potential of conspecific populations to changing environments
Heterogeneous and ever-changing thermal environments drive the evolution of populations and species, especially when extreme conditions increase selection pressure for traits influencing fitness. However, projections of biological diversity under scenarios of climate change rarely consider evolutionary adaptive potential of natural species. In this study, we tested for mechanistic evidence of evolutionary thermal adaptation among ecologically divergent redband trout populations (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) in cardiorespiratory function, cellular response and genomic variation. In a common garden environment, fish from an extreme desert climate had significantly higher critical thermal maximum (p<0.05) and broader optimum thermal window for aerobic scope (>3°C) than fish from cooler montane climate. In addition, the desert population had the highest maximum heart rate during warming (20% greater than montane populations), indicating improved capacity to deliver oxygen to internal tissues. In response to acute heat stress, distinct sets of cardiac genes were induced among ecotypes, which helps to explain the differences in cardiorespiratory function. Candidate genomic markers and genes underlying these physiological adaptations were also pinpointed, such as genes involved in stress response and metabolic activity (hsp40, ldh-b and camkk2). These markers were developed into a multi-variate model that not only accurately predicted critical thermal maxima, but also evolutionary limit of thermal adaptation in these specific redband trout populations relative to the expected limit for the species. This study demonstrates mechanisms and limitations of an aquatic species to evolve under changing environments that can be incorporated into advanced models to predict ecological consequences of climate change for natural organisms.
Data from: Yeast adapts to a changing stressful environment by evolving cross-protection and anticipatory gene regulation.
Organisms can protect themselves against future environmental change. An example is cross-protection, where physiological adaptation against a present environmental stressor can protect an organism against a future stressor. Another is anticipation, where an organism uses information about its present environment to trigger gene expression and other physiological changes adaptive in future environments. "Predictive" abilities like this exist in organisms that have been exposed to periodic changes in environments. It is unknown how readily they can evolve. To answer this question, we carried out laboratory evolution experiments in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Specifically, we exposed three replicate populations of yeast to environments that varied cyclically between two stressors, salt stress and oxidative stress, every 10 generations, for a total of 300 generations. We evolved six replicate control populations in only one of these stressors for the same amount of time. We analyzed fitness changes and genome-scale expression changes in all these evolved populations. Our populations evolved asymmetric cross protection, where oxidative stress protects against salt stress but not vice versa. Gene expression data also suggest the evolution of anticipation and basal gene expression changes that occur uniquely in cyclic environments. Our study shows that highly complex physiological states that are adaptive in future environments can evolve on very short evolutionary time scales.
Data from: Parental care amplifies changes in offspring production in a disturbed environment
<p>Recruitment is usually negatively density-dependent with fewer offspring surviving when more are produced. Parental care could alter the pattern as behaviours that maximize individual fitness are not necessarily adaptive at the population level. We manipulated the number of eggs spawned into the nests of male threespine stickleback, and found egg survival to be positively density-dependent. This reversed negative density-dependent survival observed in the absence of parental care. The reversal was caused my males investing more in parental care when receiving more eggs, while favouring future reproductive opportunities when receiving few eggs. Density-dependent parental care thus amplified changes in offspring production in relation to number of eggs spawned. Such amplification may occur in disturbed environments where human activities have altered female fecundity and males may receive more or less eggs than expected. The optimal balancing between present and future parental investment can then be distorted, resulting in maladaptive parental behaviour that reduces offspring survival. These results suggest that behaviours that have evolved to maximize individual fitness under pristine conditions can become mal-adaptive under disturbed conditions and influence the recruitment of offspring into a population. Considering that human activities are rapidly transforming environments, such mal-adaptive behavioural responses could be common and magnify negative effects of human activities on population dynamics.</p>
Figure 3 from: Szlavecz K, Vilisics F, Tóth Z, Hornung E (2018) Terrestrial isopods in urban environments: an overview. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 97-126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.29580
Figure 3 Responses of three synanthropic isopod species to urbanization gradient. Each data point is percentage of total number of individuals (N) of a given species caught in pitfall traps. Philosciamuscorum: N = 7473, Porcellioscaber: N = 12314, Armadillidiumvulgare: N = 816. The study was carried out in urban, suburban, and rural forest patches and parks in Sorø, Denmark. Data from Vilisics et al. (2007); original figure.
Figure 1 from: Szlavecz K, Vilisics F, Tóth Z, Hornung E (2018) Terrestrial isopods in urban environments: an overview. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 97-126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.29580
Figure 1 Publications on urban isopods in the past three decades. Source: Web of Science using the following keywords: terrestrial isopods, woodlice, oniscid, urban, anthropogenic A Number of publications per year B Frequency of publications by subdisciplines.
Figure 2 from: Szlavecz K, Vilisics F, Tóth Z, Hornung E (2018) Terrestrial isopods in urban environments: an overview. In: Hornung E, Taiti S, Szlavecz K (Eds) Isopods in a Changing World. ZooKeys 801: 97-126. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.29580
Figure 2 Cities with records on urban isopod diversity. Names of cities with references are listed in Suppl. material 1: Table S1. Publications with isopod abundance but without species composition are not included in the map, but referenced elsewhere in the text.
Multi-center Study to Examine Changes to the Environment Surrounding the Electrodes in the Cochlea and to Capture the Most Challenging Listening Environments Experienced by Persons With a Cochlear Imp
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06173687. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 3. Publications: 0.
CNS Growth Factors Release and Changes in the Inflammatory Environment in Response to Electrical Stimulation in Subjects With Inflammatory Myelopathies
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01440452. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Changing Healthy Outcomes In Clinic Environments
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00674518. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Gene-Environment Interaction and Precision Nutrition on Adiposity, Glycemic, Lipids Changes, and Bone Health
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03258203. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 0. Publications: 2.
Data from: Light environment change induces differential expression of guppy opsins in a multi-generational evolution experiment
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Data from: Fisher's geometrical model of fitness landscape and variance in fitness within a changing environment
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Data from: Asymmetric competition impacts evolutionary rescue in a changing environment
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Data from: Rapid response to changing environments during biological invasions: DNA methylation perspectives
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Data from: How does parental environment influence the potential for adaptation to global change?
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Data from: Regional response of grassland productivity to changing environment conditions influenced by limiting factors
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Upland grassland habitats and agri-environment schemes change soil microarthopod abundance
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.