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Fig. 10. Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1866 in Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology

Fig. 10. Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1866. SEM micrographs from three large specimens (BIOICE sample 3252, IINH-40477). A. Anterior end, left ventrolateral view. B. Notochaetal scale covering, detail. C–D. Unciniger 1, dorsal and ventral uncini, respectively. E–F. Unciniger 12, dorsal and ventral uncini, respectively.

Fig. 2 in Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology

Fig. 2. Temperature vs depth data of the BIOICE samples where specimens of Pectinariidae were found. A. Amphictene auricoma (O.F. Müller, 1776). B. Lagis koreni Malmgren, 1866. C. Cistenides granulata (Linnaeus, 1767). D. Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1866. Specimens studied under SEM are indicated with black arrows and sample numbers.

Fig. 12. Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1866. SEM micrographs from a in Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology

Fig. 12. Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1866. SEM micrographs from a medium-sized specimen (BIOICE sample 2660, IINH-40474). A. Anterior end, right lateral view (framed: paleae distal end, detail). B–C. Unciniger 1, dorsal and ventral uncini, respectively. D–E. Unciniger 9, dorsal and ventral uncini, respectively. F. Scaphal hooks.

Fig. 8 in Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology

Fig. 8. Cistenides granulata (Linnaeus, 1767). SEM micrographs from two large specimens (BIOICE sample 3249, IINH-40467). A. Anterior end, right lateral view. B–C. Unciniger 1, dorsal and ventral uncini, respectively. D. Unciniger 6, ventral uncini. E. Unciniger 12, dorsal uncini. F. Scaphe, posterodorsal view (framed: scaphal hooks, detail).

Fig. 15. Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1866 in Taxonomy and distribution of Pectinariidae (Annelida) from Iceland with a comparative analysis of uncinal morphology

Fig. 15. Cistenides hyperborea Malmgren, 1866. SEM micrographs from two medium-sized specimens (BIOICE sample 2060, IINH-40471). A. Mid-body parapodium, notochaetae. B. Notochaeta, serrated distal end, detail. C. Scaphe, dorso-lateral view. D. Cuticular structures (framed in C). E. Anal lobe and anal papilla. F. Ciliary field dorsal to anal lobe (framed in E).

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2020View details →

Churches, Arks of Migratory Narratives: A Comparative Study of the Greek-Orthodox Religioscapes in Germany and Great Britain

GO Religioscapes The present research project deals with the Greek and Greek-Cypriot migrant communities in Germany and Britain, with reference to the religiocultural evidence found in the public sphere, which illustrate the particularities of their establishment and integration in the receiving country. As regards the Greek Gastarbeiter, they identified their communities with their parishes as the church often functioned as head of community and a mediator between them and the state. The bulk of the Greek-Cypriot Commonwealth migrants on the other hand, found the Greek-Orthodox Archdiocese already established as well, and as they expanded and dispersed across the British Isles, so did their parishes, which, in both cases, have served as arks of culture and identity. Therefore, one observes the phenomenon of interwoven migrant and church narratives; in the lapse of time, community and church, being closely knit, jointly constructed their migrant narratives of de- and reterritorialisation, cultural adaptation and hybridisation, essentially their own distinct sense of being and belonging. The particularities of this constantly under construction identity are manifest in the iconographical themes, aesthetics and concepts of their churches, which, albeit within canonical specifications, deviate from the normative typology as it is graphically attested by the occurrences of the phenomenon thereof. It is typical, however, of the Byzantine iconographic tradition to include and demonstrate the socio-political conditions of its time and place; and, those visual manifestations are part of a sociocultural reality as such, given that they possess a contextual dimension with reference to their symbolic content, their thematic endorsement and the appropriation of extra-ecclesiastical identity elements, but they are also an act and a medium of communication in their own right. It is therefore feasible to decode their aforementioned content and articulate the narrative that they convey.

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Data from: Comparing methods for mapping global parasite diversity

Aim Parasites are a major component of global ecosystems, yet spatial variation in parasite diversity is poorly known, largely because their occurrence data are limited and thus difficult to interpret. Using a recently compiled database of parasite occurrences, we compare different models which we use to infer parasite geographic ranges and parasite species richness across the globe. Innovation To date, most studies exploring spatial patterns of parasite diversity assumed, with little validation, that the geographic range of a parasite species can be represented by the collective geographic range of its host species. Our study compares this assumption with a suite of other methods to infer parasite distribution from parasite occurrence data (e.g. based on data density, ecoregions and climatic conditions). We highlight diversity hotspots identified by the various methods and compare the effects of sampling intensities in different regions, a crucial factor of observed parasite diversity. Main conclusions The type of model used to infer parasite distributions affects estimates of both total species richness and spatial patterns of hotspots of parasite richness. Overall, the models based on reported occurrences share similar areas of high parasite richness that tends to be biased towards areas of high sampling effort. In contrast, the model based on host distributions showed hotspots of parasite diversity which are biased towards areas of high host species richness. Accounting for sampling effort could only help to reconcile the outcome from the different models in some regions. Further, the non-saturated species accumulation curves even for the best studied regions of the world such as Europe and North America as a call for further sampling effort and development of effective analytic tools that can provide robust accounts of global parasite diversity.

opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2020View details →

Comparative genomics of Meloidogyne haplanaria

Data related to the MSC thesis 'Comparative genomics of Meloidogyne haplanaria'.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →

Ngwi languages comparative tone box

This is a comparative tone box of the Ngwi branch. Previous research has identified consonantal effects on pitch as important precursors to the phonologization of rising tones. However, evidence from tonal evolution studies in East and Southeast Asian languages suggests that the high register (i.e., tones above mid pitch) is an additional source of rising. The current study examines the plausibility of the high > rising pathway by testing two hypotheses in a ‘dialect laboratory’: (1) that a rising tone in one language will correspond to a high register tone in a closely related dialect or language, and (2) that consonantal conditioning is not required for a rising tone to emerge. These hypotheses are tested on transcribed tone data from 14 Ngwi (Loloish, Tibeto-Burman) language clusters (82 language varieties in total), organized into a comparative tone box. This study examines the correspondence patterns of rising tones across a database of 82 Ngwi languages and dialects, grouped into 14 lower-level clusters. The data consist of the language varieties’ current reflexes of PN tone categories, compiled from published and unpublished sources (see Appendix 1 for a complete listing). To facilitate comparison, the tonal reflexes are arranged in a tone box, adapted from Gedney (1972), with each row representing a separate initial consonant type, grouped together by PN tone category, and each column representing a different Ngwi language variety. The results support both hypotheses. The findings imply that rising tones evolve from high register tones, with or without consonant conditioning.Previous research has identified consonantal effects on pitch as important precursors to the phonologization of rising tones. However, evidence from tonal evolution studies in East and Southeast Asian languages suggests that the high register (i.e., tones above mid pitch) is an additional source of rising. The current study examines the plausibility of the high > rising pathway by testing two hypotheses in a ‘dialect laboratory’: (1) that a rising tone in one language will correspond to a high register tone in a closely related dialect or language, and (2) that consonantal conditioning is not required for a rising tone to emerge. These hypotheses are tested on transcribed tone data from 14 Ngwi (Loloish, Tibeto-Burman) language clusters (82 language varieties in total), organized into a comparative tone box. The results support both hypotheses. The findings imply that rising tones evolve from high register tones, with or without consonant conditioning.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2020View details →

Alternate Results Dataset in Comparative Study of Four Scenarios Measuring Visual Pollution in Intramuros, Manila

Alternate results dataset tabulated in all the methods and procedures done in the study 'Comparative Study of Four Scenarios Measuring Visual Pollution in Intramuros, Manila'.

FIG. 8. — A in The comparative milk-suckling reptile

FIG. 8. — A woodcut showing Poggio's snake ready to suckle milk from cow's udder. From Anonymous 1815: 347). Note that the illustration follows the same pattern of the 1520 Valencian edition (Romero Lucas 2001).

FIG. 5. — The serpent bova milking a cow. Illumination from manuscript MSL 11, fol. 137v in The comparative milk-suckling reptile

FIG. 5. — The serpent bova milking a cow. Illumination from manuscript MSL 11, fol. 137v, Archive of the Prague Castle, Library of the Metropolitan Chapter by St. Vitus.

FIG. 3 in The comparative milk-suckling reptile

FIG. 3. — While farmers are engaged in harvesting, the frustrated snakes look at the baby in the tree. From Magnus (1555: 437).

FIG. 7. — A medallion with a snake milking a cow from a in The comparative milk-suckling reptile

FIG. 7. — A medallion with a snake milking a cow from a tapestry preserved in the Musée Royal des Beaux-Arts, Brussels. From Crick-Kuntziger (1948: 73).

FIG. 4 in The comparative milk-suckling reptile

FIG. 4. — The scene of Caradoc's liberation from the serpent by Guignier, from ms. Paris BN fr. 12577. The snake coiled on Caradoc's arm was intentionally erased by an anonymous reader. From Harf-Lancner 1993: 483).

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

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Data from: Full Bayesian comparative phylogeography from genomic data

A challenge to understanding biological diversification is accounting for community-scale processes that cause multiple, co-distributed lineages to co-speciate. Such processes predict non-independent, temporally clustered divergences across taxa. Approximate-likelihood Bayesian computation (ABC) approaches to inferring such patterns from comparative genetic data are very sensitive to prior assumptions and often biased toward estimating shared divergences. We introduce a full-likelihood Bayesian approach, ecoevolity, which takes full advantage of information in genomic data. By analytically integrating over gene trees, we are able to directly calculate the likelihood of the population history from genomic data, and efficiently sample the model-averaged posterior via Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithms. Using simulations, we find that the new method is much more accurate and precise at estimating the number and timing of divergence events across pairs of populations than existing approximate-likelihood methods. Our full Bayesian approach also requires several orders of magnitude less computational time than existing ABC approaches. We find that despite assuming unlinked characters (e.g., unlinked single-nucleotide polymorphisms), the new method performs better if this assumption is violated in order to retain the constant characters of whole linked loci. In fact, retaining constant characters allows the new method to robustly estimate the correct number of divergence events with high posterior probability in the face of character-acquisition biases, which commonly plague loci assembled from reduced-representation genomic libraries. We apply our method to genomic data from four pairs of insular populations of Gekko lizards from the Philippines that are not expected to have co-diverged. Despite all four pairs diverging very recently, our method strongly supports that they diverged independently, and these results are robust to very disparate prior assumptions.

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Comparative data for dance fly eye morphology and female ornamentation

These data were collected as part of a comparative study of the relationship between female ornamentation and sexual dimorphism in eye morphology. Data come from specimens collected in the field in Scotland near Loch Lomond in the summers of 2009, 2010, and 2011 as well as the summer of 2012 near Glen Williams in Ontario, Canada. The repository contains raw image files including information on magnifications at which these were taken, excel spreadsheets of morphological measurements taken from these images, a dataset from search of Collin's (1961) key to the Empidinae for reports of sexual dimorphism and exaggerations of male eye morphology, and an Rnotebook file detailing the analytical steps taken.

opencc-zeroApr 2020View details →

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Why has the number of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Africa been insignificant compared to other regions? A descriptive analysis

Method The dataset contains several confirmed COVID-19 cases, number of deaths, and death rate in six regions. The objective of the study is to compare the number of confirmed cases in Africa to other regions.  Death rate = Total number of deaths from COVID-19 divided by the Total Number of infected patients. The study provides evidence for the country-level in six regions by the World Health Organisation's classification. Findings Based on the descriptive data provided above, we conclude that the lack of tourism is one of the key reasons why COVID-19 reported cases are low in Africa compared to other regions. We also justified this claim by providing evidence from the economic freedom index, which indicates that the vast majority of African countries recorded a low index for a business environment. On the other hand, we conclude that the death rate is higher in the African region compared to other regions. This points to issues concerning health-care expenditure, low capacity for testing for COVID-19, and poor infrastructure in the region. Apart from COVID-19, there are significant pre-existing diseases, namely; Malaria, Flu, HIV/AIDS, and Ebola in the continent. This study, therefore, invites the leaders to invest massively in the health-care system, infrastructure, and human capital in order to provide a sustainable environment for today and future generations. Lastly, policy uncertainty has been a major issue in determining a sustainable development goal on the continent. This uncertainty has differentiated Africa to other regions in terms of stepping up in the time of global crisis.

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Comparative morphology of immature stages and adults of Hydroscapha from Taiwan, with a description of a new species from Hong Kong (Coleoptera: Myxophaga: Hydroscaphidae)

Original unedited photographs and SEM micrographs to the paper published in Raffles Journal of Zoology.