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6,175 results for “Composite”
Adelie penguin diet composition, secondary prey items, 1991-2020
The fundamental long-term objective of the seabird component of the Palmer LTER (PAL) has been to identify and understand the mechanistic processes that regulate the mean fitness (population growth rate) of regional penguin populations. Since the inception of PAL, Adélie penguin populations have effectively collapsed, gentoo penguin populations have increased dramatically and chinstrap penguin populations have remained relatively stable. These trends are spatially and temporally coherent with regional warming and decreasing sea ice duration. Adélie penguins are an ice-obligate polar species whose life history is intimately linked to the presence of sea ice, while chinstrap and gentoo penguins are ice-intolerant species whose life histories evolved in the sub-Antarctic, where sea ice is a less permanent feature of the marine ecosystem. The PAL study region includes five main islands on which Adélie penguin colonies have historically occurred, with each island containing a different number of spatially segregated sub-colonies. These colonies are censused to determine the total number of nests and chicks produced each year, and breeding success. Diet samples are acquired to understand diet composition (e.g., krill, fish) and krill length-frequencies. In general, krill constitute the most important component of the summer diets by mass of these three penguin species, but changes in PAL krill abundances have exhibited no long-term trends and thus far, have failed to explain the divergent patterns in penguin populations evident in our time series. Chick fledging masses are recorded as a cumulative measure of climate, weather, diet, and parental influences on chick health at the end of the breeding season. These data have provided valuable insights into the marine and terrestrial factors that influence Adélie penguin population fitness. No data were collected during the 2021-2022 season due to the Palmer Station pier rebuild.
PIE LTER marsh vegetation species composition and elevation along nine transects in 2000 and 2001
We selected 9 transects from a set of 40 marsh surveys conducted in 2000 and 2001 to use as a baseline for monitoring changes in species composition and marsh elevation across a broad spatial scale in the Plum Island Estuary. In the early surveys, latitude, longitude and elevation, as well as salt and brackish marsh vegetation composition were documented using cover classes on individual plots. Results from those surveys have been compiled here.
PIE LTER marsh vegetation species composition and elevation along nine transects in 2021
Salt and brackish marsh vegetation distribution was documented using cover classes (modified Braun-Blanquet) on individual plots along 9 transects in the Plum Island Estuary. The plots were also surveyed for elevation rel mNAVD88 using RTK GPS . The plots and transects had been surveyed for vegetation and elevation in 2001. The re-survey is designed to monitor changes in species composition and marsh elevation across a broad spatial scale over the previous 20 years. The survey will also serve as a baseline for future marsh monitoring work with UAVs.
SBC LTER: OCEAN: Particulate Organic Matter Content and Composition of Stream, Estuarine, and Marine Sediments
An unprecedented five-year drought in California, coupled with conditions of anomalously low ocean productivity and the prospect of one of the strongest El Niño periods on record with above average rainfall were the impetus for this RAPID award, which seeks to test specific hypotheses pertaining to the origin, distribution, processing, and bioavailability of terrestrial organic matter in coastal marine sediments and their potential for serving as a reservoir of nitrogen storage to fuel nearshore primary production during periods when nitrate concentrations are low. The goals of the research were to: (1) measure bulk properties and biomarker tracers of particulate organic matter (POM) in stream water and in coastal marine sediments at SBC LTER and other reef sites differing in exposure to terrestrial runoff prior to and following large storm events, (2) determine the bioavailability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) released from POM in marine sediments following large runoff events, and (3) measure changes in concentrations of dissolved inorganic and organic nitrogen in pore water of marine sediments near to and distant from stream mouths in the Santa Barbara Channel. Samples were analyzed for organic matter content using a loss-on-ignition combustion method, and samples were also analyzed for organic carbon and nitrogen content and isotopes using a stable isotope mass spectrometer interfaced with an elemental analyzer. Subsamples were shipped to the laboratory of Marc Lucotte at the University of Québec, Montréal for analysis of lignin content using the cupric oxidation method.
SBC LTER: Reef: Benthic Composition Experiment: photo quad
These data quantify recruitment and percent cover of invertebrates and algae recruiting across five sampling sites (Arroyo Quemado, Naples, Isla Vista, Mohawk, and Carpentaria) along the Santa Barbara Coast and two sites at Santa Cruz Island (San Pedro Point and Cavern Point). Sampling began Sep 2021 and is conducted seasonally every three months. A housed Canon 5DR SLR camera with a 16 mm lens, two strobes, and a 25x35 cm quadrat is used to collect photographs for data collection on all 24 rock plates, 24 PVC recruitment plates, and 24 control quadrats within two circular plots at each site. Plot 1 represents the control plot with no giant kelp removal and plot 2 represents the kelp clearing plot where all giant kelp is removed. Photographs are uploaded to a cloud-based image analysis platform (ViQi) and point contact analysis is conducted on 100 points in the lab. Occasionally, additional points were collected to show the presence of interested species or lifestage (e.g., kelp recruit). After all photographs have been taken, all recruitment plates are cleaned and all erect understory algae are removed seasonally from half of the rock plates for both plots (Plot 1 rock plates #1-6 and Plot 2 rock plates #13-18) to measure seasonal recruitment. Recruitment is measured as a proportion of the number of individuals found in each photograph. Data are contained in one table depicting seasonally collected invertebrate and algae recruitment and their percent cover for given sites and sampling periods.
Biomass and Plant Species Composition on Hog and Metompkin Islands, 2020-2022
Beginning in 2020, annual plant surveys were conducted along 3 cross-shore transects on Hog and Metompkin Islands along the Atlantic coast of Virginia. Transects were established starting at the high water mark, and continuing inland until reaching a shrub thicket. Plots were placed 10m apart in beach and swale habitats, and 5m apart across dunes. At each plot, percent composition was measured within a 0.25m^2 quadrat. Aboveground biomass was also obtained within a randomly placed 10x100cm^2 quadrat. Biomass was then dried and weighed. Due to logistical constraints, biomass was not collected in 2022.
iNRACM: Incorporating 15N into the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM) for assessing the role photochemistry plays in controlling the isotopic composition of NOx, NOy, and atmospheric nitrate
<p><sup>15</sup>N compounds and reactions were incorporated into Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM), based on recent experimental or calculated values of isotope fractionation factors (α), to simulate δ<sup>15</sup>N values in NO<sub>y</sub> compounds.</p>
Numerical simulations of AZO/ZnGeO/Cu2O solar cells: Impact of the germanium composition of the buffer layer and the use of low cost fabrication on the photovoltaic performances
<p>The dataset contains the results of the numerical simulations of AZO/ZnGeO/Cu2O solar cell models.</p> <p>The physical parameters of the model are chosen with special care to match literature experimental measurements or are interpolated using the values from binary metal oxides in the case of the new ZnGeO compound. The solar cell structure includes an interface and a defective layer at the ZnGeO/Cu2O heterojunction.</p> <p>The AZO/ZnGeO/Cu2O model results reproduce the photovoltaic characteristics of experimental devices presented by Minami et al. (Applied Physics Express 9, 052301 (2016) DOI:10.7567/APEX.9.052301)</p> <p>The dataset also includes results using models with different germanium compositions for the ZnGeO buffer layer.</p> <p>Other solar cell simulation results are presented to model the impact of low cost fabrication processes, such as spray pyrolysis, by varying the thickness, doping concentration, carrier mobilities and defect concentration of the Cu2O absorber layer as well as the germanium composition of the buffer layer.</p>
Contrasting effects of landscape composition on crop yield mediated by specialist herbivores
<p>Landscape composition not only affects a variety of arthropod-mediated ecosystem services, but also disservices, such as herbivory by insect pests that may have negative effects on crop yield. Yet, little is known about how different habitats influence the dynamics of multiple herbivore species, and ultimately their collective impact on crop production. Using cabbage as a model system, we examined how landscape composition influenced the incidence of three specialist cruciferous pests (aphids, flea beetles, and leaf-feeding Lepidoptera), lepidopteran parasitoids, and crop yield across a gradient of landscape composition in New York, USA. We expected that landscapes with a higher proportion of cropland and lower habitat diversity would lead to an increase in pest pressure of the specialist herbivores and a reduction in crop yield. However, results indicated that neither greater cropland area nor lower landscape diversity influenced pest pressure or yield. Rather, pest pressure and yield were best explained by the presence of non-crop habitats (i.e. meadows) in the landscape. Specifically, cabbage was infested with fewer Lepidoptera in landscapes with a higher proportion of meadows likely resulting from increased parasitism. Conversely, cabbage was infested with more flea beetles and aphids as the proportion of meadows in the landscape increased, suggesting that these pests benefit from non-crop habitats. Furthermore, path analysis confirmed that these landscape-mediated effects on pest populations can have either positive or negative cascading effects on crop yield. Our findings illustrate how different pest species within the same cropping system show contrasting responses to landscape composition with respect to both the direction and spatial scale of the relationship. Such tradeoffs resulting from the complex interaction between multiple-pests, natural enemies, and landscape composition must be considered, if we are to manage landscapes for pest suppression benefits.</p>
Agricultural land use and livestock composition by case study of the SURE-Farm project - Input data for a dynamic nitrogen flow model
<p>Dataset used as input to the model by Pinsard et al (2021) and results published in D5.5 of the SURE-Farm project.</p>
Spider species composition in Gaylussacia baccata clones of varying sizes on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts
<p>This research was funded by grants from the Nantucket Land Bank and the Nantucket Land Council in 2008.<br> <br> Sandplain grassland and coastal heathland habitats intermingle to form a mosaic on Nantucket’s glacial outwash plain. Gaylussacia baccata (black huckleberry) is a dominant species in coastal heathland and forms large clonal monocultures. As these clones expand they replace grassland and reduce overall plant species diversity. In this pilot study I captured spiders in different size classes of G. baccata clones to determine if clone size affects spider species diversity. I also recorded differences in major plant species. Smaller clones had significantly higher numbers of two wolf spider species: Pardosa saxatilis and Schizocosa bilineata. Smaller clones tended to have a higher number of spider species than larger clones. Smaller clones had higher percentages of grass cover and less G. baccata coverage. I suggest that future work should produce separate species area curves for sandplain grassland and coastal heathland habitats to determine an optimum ratio of areas to maximize spider species richness.</p> <p>allSpiderData.csv<br> dataDictionary.csv - Data dictionary for all data files<br> mckenna-foster-report-2009.pdf - report describing project<br> vegetationData.csv</p>
Ground beetle (Coleoptera:Carabidae) species composition of three forests in the Netherlands
<p>During this research the carabid fauna assemblage of two forests, the Amsterdamse Bos and Purmerendse Bos, was determined. Throughout the forests series (locations within the forests) were chosen to place pitfall traps. Each series consisted of five plastic cups that were dug into the soil in such a way that they were flush with the surface. Each cup was located five meters away from the subsequent one. The cups were filled with formaldehyde (diluted water 1: 10) as conservative and a small amount of soap in order to decrease water tension and thus let the organisms submerge. Afterwards the trap was covered with a wooden plate attached onto the soil with nails to protect it from rain and damage. The plates were covered up with plant material as camouflage. A small opening in between the soil and the plate was left so there was space for soil fauna to crawl into the cup (Picture 1). Because carabids are often dispersed throughout an area in small populations instead of being homologous spread (Raino & Niemelä, 2003) a diversity of locations was chosen. Therefore biotic and abiotic conditions were recorded (soil, light invasion, litter and dominant vegetation) to select the most diverse sites. </p> <p>Nine series in the Amsterdamse Bos and eleven series in the Purmerendse Bos were placed. These forests were sampled for a time span of 63 days. When traps were emptied the formaldehyde was refreshed. After the third time all of the traps were removed and holes filled up with soil. </p> <p>The content of emptied traps was washed with water and afterwards the ground beetles were selected and preserved in 95% ethanol. The ground beetles found were identified by making use of “De Loopkevers van Nederland & Vlaanderen” by Boeken, Desender, Drost, van Gijzen, Koese, Muilwijk, Turin & Vermeulen (2002. </p> <p>For each series the quantity of caught individuals was recorded. From the Eyserbos, data collected by supervisor B. Brugge in the years from 2012 to 2014 was used for analysis; during this research the same catching methods were used but the time scale was different. For four years, five series of pitfall traps were placed for one week halfway of June thus for a total of 28 days. Data of the species composition and the ecological characteristics and classification of the three forests was collected. Following classifications and ecological characters of the species that were used for analysis were documented: the status of the species in the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark and Luxemburg, the status of the species in the Netherlands, the distribution in the Netherlands, how important the species’ population in the Netherlands is in its distribution in Europe (so called I-species), which type of habitats a species can migrate through to spread to other habitat patches, the classification of the species by Lindroth (1969), the degree of eurytopicity of the species and the flight capabilities of the species. </p> <p>Data obtained can be found in the file:</p> <p><strong>201703-05_groundbeetle_species_composition_Eyserbos_AmsterdamseBos_and_PurmerendseBos.txt</strong></p> <p>The possible inputs for characteristics can be found in the file</p> <p><strong>201706_Legenda_data_groundbeetles_species_composition_Amsterdamse_and_Purmerendse_bos.txt</strong></p>
GHOST: A globally harmonised dataset of surface atmospheric composition measurements
<div> <div>GHOST: Globally Harmonised Observations in Space and Time, represents one of the biggest collection of harmonised measurements of atmospheric composition at the surface. In total, ~10 billion measurements from 1970-2025, of ~600 different components, from ~40 reporting networks, are compiled, parsed, and standardised. Components processed include gaseous species, total and speciated particulate matter, and aerosol optical properties.</div> <br> <div>The main goal of GHOST is to provide a dataset that can serve as a basis for the reproducibility of model evaluation efforts across the community. Exhaustive efforts have been made towards standardising almost every facet of provided information from the major public reporting networks, saved in 21 data variables, and 163 metadata variables. Extensive effort in particular is put towards the standardisation of measurement process information, and station classifications. Extra complementary information is also associated with measurements, such as metadata from various popular gridded datasets (e.g. land use), and temporal classifications per measurement (e.g. day / night). A range of standardised network quality assurance flags are associated with each individual measurement. GHOST own quality assurance is also performed and associated with measurements. Measurements prefiltered by some default GHOST quality assurance are also provided. </div> <h3>Data Access </h3> <div>The data processed in version 1.5.1 was a result of research undertaken in two separate projects. The processing and creation of new aerosol optical property products was done within the FOCI project, and the processing and creation of precipitation chemistry and wet deposition products was funded by the World Meteorological Organization for the Measurement-Model Fusion for Total Global Atmospheric Deposition WMO Initiative. The processed data is designed to be complementary to the data provided in version 1.5 of GHOST. </div> <div> </div> <div>The data is separated out per network, per temporal resolution, per component, and is saved as netCDF4 files, per year and month. There is additionally one synthetic network entitled "GHOST", which aggregates data across all networks. The dataset is compressed as .zip files per network. Beneath each network, collections of files per temporal resolution, per component, are compressed as tar.xz files.</div> <div> </div> <div>Each network .zip file can be decompressed via the following syntax:<br><em>unzip [network].zip</em></div> <div> </div> <div>Component tar.xz files can be decompressed via the following syntax:<br><em>tar -xf [component].tar.xz</em></div> <h3>How to Use</h3> <p>Inside the GHOST dataset are a plethora of variables, thus it can difficult to fully exploit the extent of the available information. For this reason a companion publication has been written, detailing every aspect of the GHOST dataset: <em>https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2023-397</em></p> <div>If you have any other doubts of queries regarding the dataset, please email: <em>dene.bowdalo@bsc.es</em></div> <h3>How to Cite</h3> <p>If you plan to use this work please kindly cite both this dataset and the describing publication:</p> </div> <div><br> <div><em>Bowdalo, D.: GHOST: A globally harmonised dataset of surface atmospheric composition measurements, Zenodo [data set], https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10637449, 2024.</em></div> <br> <div><em>Bowdalo, D., Basart, S., Guevara, M., Jorba, O., Pérez García-Pando, C., Jaimes Palomera, M., Rivera Hernandez, O., Puchalski, M., Gay, D., Klausen, J., Moreno, S., Netcheva, S., and Tarasova, O.: GHOST: A globally harmonised dataset of surface atmospheric composition measurements, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 4417–4495, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-4417-2024, 2024.</em></div> <h3>Acknowledgements</h3> <div>We gratefully acknowledge all data providers for the substantial work done in establishing and maintaining the measuring stations that provide the data contained in this dataset. We would also like to warmly thank all data providers who met with GHOST authors through this work, and for all support given, from helping resolve data rights issues, to giving suggestions for improvements.</div> <div> </div> <div>We acknowledge the computing resources of MareNostrum, and the technical support provided by the Barcelona Supercomputing Center (AECT-2020-1-0007, AECT-2021-1-0027, AECT-2022-1-0008, and AECT-2022-3-0013). We also acknowledge the Red Temática ACTRIS España (CGL2017-90884-REDT), and the H2020 project ACTRIS IMP (\#871115).</div> <div> </div> <div>The processing and creation of new aerosol optical property products was funded by EU HORIZON EUROPE under grant agreement no. 101056783 (FOCI project), and the processing and creation of precipitation chemistry and wet deposition products was funded by the World Meteorological Organization for the Measurement-Model Fusion for Total Global Atmospheric Deposition WMO Initiative. </div> <div> </div> <div>The research leading to the creation of this dataset has also received funding from the grant RTI2018-099894-BI00 funded by MCIN/AEI/ 10.13039/501100011033 (BROWNING), the EU H2020 Framework Programme under grant agreement No. GA 821205 (FORCES), the European Research Council under the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme through the ERC Consolidator Grant grant agreement No. 773051 (FRAGMENT), the AXA Research Fund (AXA Chair on Sand and Dust Storms at the Barcelona Supercomputing Center), and the Department of Research and Universities of the Government of Catalonia through the Atmospheric Composition Research Group (code 2021 SGR 01550).</div> </div>
Datasets for: AERO-MAP: A data compilation and modelling approach to understand the fine and coarse mode aerosol composition
<p>This repository contains the data compilation, gridded datasets, model output, model source code changes and model inputs for the paper: “AERO-MAP: A data compilation and modelling approach to understand the fine and coarse mode aerosol composition “.</p> <p>The only change from the December 20, 2024 version is that a new variable "Distinct" is added which indicates whether the dataset is also included in the GHOST dataset by Bowdalo et al., 2024: https://essd.copernicus.org/articles/16/4417/2024/essd-16-4417-2024.pdf. All PM2.5 and PM10 datasets from GHOST are included in this dataset, but GHOST will be regularly updated.</p> <p> </p> <p>There are two subdirectories as tar files:</p> <p>collectoutputfiles.zip: which contains the detailed data descriptions in a csv files, gridded data in netcdf and model output in netcdf format. More details in the README file in that zipped directory.</p> <p>modelfiles.zip: which contains the Source code changes and input files needed to reproduce the simulations in the paper. More details in the README file in that zipped directory.</p>
Supplementary Data - Impacts of selective digestive decontamination on the pangenome composition of ESBL-E. coli
<p>Supplementary Data of:</p> <p><span>Impacts of selective digestive decontamination on the pangenome composition of ESBL<em>-E. coli</em></span></p>
IODP Expedition 391 Whole-round core section composite 360 degree images
Images of the outside of hard rock whole-round sections were acquired using a linescan imager (Section Half Imaging Logger [SHIL]) and a special holder that allows each 90 degree segment of the outer surface to be positioned properly. The images were taken at a resolution of 20 lines/mm (50 micropixels). JRSO staff take these quadrant images and compile them into a side-by-side rollout photograph of the section. Composite images are available as both JPG and TIF image formats. Individual quadrant images are available as JPG images only through this report; contact the <a href="mailto:database@iodp.tamu.edu">IODP-JRSO Data Librarian</a> if quadrant TIF files (~160 MB) are needed.
IODP Expedition 391 Carbonates composite report
This composite report includes data from two analyses (total carbon from Elemental analysis [CHNS], and inorganic carbon from [Coulometer]). Each row combines the CHNS and Coulometer data from measurements made on the same sample at the same time for a particular section and section offset (depth). If data do not exist for a particular expedition, the column does not appear. To identify individual samples and tests, see each separate data type (Elemental analysis and Coulometer). If the same sample was measured multiple times by any of the methods, results in the report will be combined on one line where possible. Each additional replicate result will be shown in subsequent rows and will be combined where possible. Report includes results for carbon forms: total, inorganic, calcium carbonate, and organic by difference, along with total hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
IODP Expedition 391 Interstitial water composite report
This composite report includes data from numerous interstitial water (IW) analyses (e.g., ICP-LIQUIDS and IONCHROM) in a variable set of columns. Each row combines the data from several tests (groups of measurements made on the same sample at the same time) for a particular IW sample. If data do not exist for a particular expedition, the column does not appear. To identify individual samples and tests, see each separate analysis (ALKALINITY, ICP-LIQUIDS, IONCHROM, SALINITY, SPEC, TITRATOR, and potentially others). Major and minor elements were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrocsopy (ICP-LIQUIDS). Cations and anions were measured by ion chromatography (IONCHROM). Complex ions were measured by colorimetric measurements using a UV-VIS spectrometer (SPEC). Alkalinity and chloride was measured by titration (ALKALINITY and TITRATOR). Dissolved carbon (DC), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) were measured by combustion in a total organic carbon (TOC) analyzer. Salinity was measured by refractometer (SALINITY). pH was measured by ion-selective electrode as part of the alkalinity procedure and is reported in the ALKALINITY analysis.
IODP Expedition 391 Core composite images
A digital composite image (PNG) is made for each core comprising core sections scanned using a line-scan camera. The composite layout is equivalent to traditional core table photos. Top left is top of core; color and meter rule references are included.
IODP Expedition 397T Whole-round core section composite 360 degree images
Images of the outside of hard rock whole-round sections were acquired using a linescan imager (Section Half Imaging Logger [SHIL]) and a special holder that allows each 90 degree segment of the outer surface to be positioned properly. The images were taken at a resolution of 20 lines/mm (50 micropixels). JRSO staff take these quadrant images and compile them into a side-by-side rollout photograph of the section. Composite images are available as both JPG and TIF image formats. Individual quadrant images are available as JPG images only through this report; contact the <a href="mailto:database@iodp.tamu.edu">IODP-JRSO Data Librarian</a> if quadrant TIF files (~160 MB) are needed.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.