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FIGURE 1 in Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) of Raymond- Hamet (1916): a long-overlooked name in K. subg. Kalanchoe

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe thyrsiflora most often has obovate, rather than round leaves and remains smaller growing than K. luciae. Photograph taken east of Tshwane, Gauteng province, South Africa: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe bentii subsp. bentii. A in Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Kalanchoe bentii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe bentii subsp. bentii. A. The unbranched stems are light greenish grey to yellowish brown and have obvious, whitish leaf scars that are raised below. B. The opposite-decussate, sessile leaves are somewhat terete, slightly longitudinally grooved above, dagger-shaped-cylindrical, tapering to both ends, and round to ovate to rounded-triangular in cross-section. C. A form with pure white flowers. Flowers can reach a length of 40 mm. D. Follicles remain enveloped in the dry, papery, creamy white to light brown, desiccating corolla for a long time. The sepals similarly remain fleshy for a long time before also drying (see bottom of fruit in the centre). All photographs: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 5. Graptopetalum kristenii. A. Colony showing various rosettes with inflorescence. B in Graptopetalum kristenii (subg. Glassia, Crassulaceae), a new haplostemonous species from Michoacán, Mexico

FIGURE 5. Graptopetalum kristenii. A. Colony showing various rosettes with inflorescence. B. Comparison between leaves and flowers of G. kristenii (left) and G. pentandrum (right). C–D. Flowers with different petal color patterns. E. Comparison between rosettes of G. kristenii and G. pentandrum. F. Branch segment with flowers and buds. G. Flower with measurements (mm). H. Leaf with measurements (mm). Photographs by J. Etter and M. Kristen.

FIGURE 4 in Graptopetalum kristenii (subg. Glassia, Crassulaceae), a new haplostemonous species from Michoacán, Mexico

FIGURE 4. Graptopetalum kristenii in habitat. A–C. Pendant rosettes growing on cliffs. D. Flowering plants. E–F. Cliffs along Río Coalcomán. Photographs by J. Etter and M. Kristen.

FIGURE 1 in Graptopetalum kristenii (subg. Glassia, Crassulaceae), a new haplostemonous species from Michoacán, Mexico

FIGURE 1. Distribution map of Graptopetalum kristenii and its morphologically closest species (G. glassii and G. pentandrum) in Western Mexico, with overlays of biogeographic provinces (Morrone 2017).

FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on Kalanchoe bentii (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 2. Kalanchoe ×kewensis [K. bentii subsp. bentii × K. glaucescens] has: (A) harpoon-shaped leaves and (B) bright purplish pink flowers. It was one of the first artificially produced nothospecies that became widely available in the horticultural trade. Both photographs: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 3. Graptopetalum kristenii. A. Broadly oblong leaf. B. Plant with inflorescence. C–D. Flower. E in Graptopetalum kristenii (subg. Glassia, Crassulaceae), a new haplostemonous species from Michoacán, Mexico

FIGURE 3. Graptopetalum kristenii. A. Broadly oblong leaf. B. Plant with inflorescence. C–D. Flower. E. Flower bud.

FIGURE 1. A in Refining the circumscription of a variable species: epitypification of the name Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 1. A. At the epitype locality of Kalanchoe rotundifolia plants are generally glaucous to dull light green. The leaves are variably nearly round to oblong-elliptic to elliptic-obovate in outline. B. The distal part of the corolla tubes and corolla lobes of K. rotundifolia are orangey red. In bud as well as post-anthesis the flowers are apically twisted. C. Post-anthesis, the corolla tubes of K. rotundifolia dry whitish grey. This was also noted by Haworth (1824a: 188) in the protologue of the name K. rotundifolia where he described the flowers, which were already spent, as "[…] Flores parvi albi […]". D. At the likely type locality of K. rotundifolia in the vicinity of Gqeberha and Kariega in South Africa's Eastern Cape province, the species occurs in the undergrowth of the largely impenetrable thickets, here with the skyline dominated by Aloe pluridens Haworth (1824b: 299). All photographs by Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 1 in Date and place of publication and author attribution of the combination Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 1. Kalanchoe thyrsiflora, the type of K. sect. Raveta, in the vegetative growing phase. The leaves are obovate to round and borne in pseudo-rosettes. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 2 in Date and place of publication and author attribution of the combination Kalanchoe sect. Raveta (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae)

FIGURE 2. Like most of the plant parts, the flowers of Kalanchoe thyrsiflora are covered in a white-waxy substance. Flowers are densely carried in club-shaped inflorescences. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 9. Kalanchoe tomentosa, a tetraploid with 2n in A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus

FIGURE 9. Kalanchoe tomentosa, a tetraploid with 2n = 68, is included in K. [subg. Kalanchoe] sect. Stellatopilosae. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 7. With n in A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus

FIGURE 7. With n = ca. 51 Kalanchoe crenata, a widely distributed African species, is a hexaploid. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 8 in A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus

FIGURE 8. Kalanchoe tubiflora, one of the most invasive of the Malagasy kalanchoes, is a tetraploid with 2n = 68. Its leaves are tricussately arranged, rather than decussately. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 5 in A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus

FIGURE 5. Prof. Flávio Resende (right) and Prof. Fernando Catarino (left) at an exhibition of the students of the Faculty of Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Portugal. Photographer unknown. Photograph supplied courtesy of Prof. Fernando Catarino and reproduced with his permission.

FIGURE 3 in A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus

FIGURE 3. While based at Cornell University, Ithaca, U.S.A., Dr Charles H. ['Chas'] Uhl (28 May 1918, Schenectady, New York–29 August 2010, Jefferson, Georgia, U.S.A.) was a pioneering researcher on the cytology and cytogenetics of the family Crassulaceae, including on Kalanchoe. Photograph taken in the early-1990s at the then home of Uhl's daughter, Mary, in Edinburgh, Great Britain, by Ray Stephenson. Reproduced with permission and © of Ray Stephenson.

FIGURE 6 in A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus

FIGURE 6. Kalanchoe pinnata, which is widely naturalised in mild-climate parts of the world, appears to be an aneuploid with three additional chromosomes. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 1 in A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus

FIGURE 1. Cultivars and selections that contain genetic material of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, such as K. 'Else-Flower' depicted here, remain exceedingly popular as horticultural material for, especially, the indoor plant market. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.

FIGURE 4 in A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus

FIGURE 4. In the 1980s, Dr Edith Maria Raadts (3 December 1914, Rees am Rhein, Germany–3 January 2004, Agnesheim in Rees, Germany) published extensively on the cytology of Kalanchoe, especially of the East African species, while she was based at the Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum (BGBM) Berlin. Photographer unknown. Reproduced with the permission of the Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany.

FIGURE 2 in A review of the cytotaxonomy of Kalanchoe (Crassulaceae subfam. Kalanchooideae) with reference to evolutionary trends in the genus

FIGURE 2. Material of Kalanchoe with generally fairly narrow leaves and variously incised leaf margins is sold under various monikers such as K. 'Katapifa', K. 'Scorpion' and K. 'Tarantula'. Material illustrated here has double flowers and is the product of complex breeding programmes that likely included K. blossfeldiana. Photograph: Gideon F. Smith.