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592 results for “Cross-sectional study”
Exposure to high endotoxin concentration increases wheezing prevalence among laboratory animal workers: a cross-sectional study
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Endotoxin from Gram-negative bacteria are found in different concentrations in dust and on the ground of laboratories dealing with small animals and animal houses. <strong>Methods: </strong>Cross-sectional study performed in workplaces of two universities. Dust samples were collected from laboratories and animal facilities housing rats, mice, guinea pigs, rabbits or hamsters and analyzed by the “<em>Limulus amebocyte lysate</em>” (LAL) method. We also sampled workplaces without animals. The concentrations of endotoxin detected in the workplaces were tested for association with wheezing in the last 12 months, asthma defined by self-reported diagnosis and asthma confirmed by bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) to mannitol. <strong>Results: </strong>Dust samples were obtained at 145 workplaces, 92 with exposure to animals and 53 with no exposure. Exposed group comprised 412 subjects and non-exposed group comprised 339 subjects. Animal-exposed workplaces had higher concentrations of endotoxin, median of 34.2 endotoxin units (EU) per mg of dust (interquartile range, 12.6-65.4), as compared to the non-exposed group, median of 10.2 EU/mg of dust (interquartile range, 2.6-22.2) (p < 0.001). The high concentration of endotoxin (above median, 20.4 EU/mg) was associated with increased wheezing prevalence (p < 0.001), i.e. 61% of workers exposed to high endotoxin concentration reported wheezing in the last 12 months compared to 29% of workers exposed to low endotoxin concentration. The concentration of endotoxin was not associated with asthma report or with BHR confirmed asthma. <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Exposure to endotoxin is associated with a higher prevalence of wheezing, but not with asthma as defined by the mannitol bronchial challenge test or by self-reported asthma. Preventive measures are necessary for these workers.</p>
Pharmaceutical Equivalence of Distributed Generic Antiretroviral (ARV) in Asian settings: the cross-sectional surveillance study -PEDA study
<p>This is the raw data for the PEDA study.</p>
Awareness of Lung Cancer Risk Factors and Symptoms in Syria: An Online Cross-Sectional Study
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Globally, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer fatalities and the second most frequent cancer. Population knowledge of the features of lung cancer is a crucial strategy for early diagnosis and decreasing the mortality rate of lung cancer patients. In this study, we aim to assess the Syrian population's knowledge of lung cancer and its risk factors and to measure awareness of symptoms related to lung cancer. <strong>Methods:</strong> This national cross-sectional study was conducted between October 12 to November 21, 2022 in Syria. We included Syrian people above 18 years from all Syrian governorates. The questionnaire consisted of three categories of questions: sociodemographic information, awareness of lung cancer symptoms, and awareness of lung cancer risk factors. <strong>Results:</strong> Overall, 2251 participants were involved in this research; almost half of them (47.3%) were aged between 21-30 years, and 30.9% indicated they are smoking cigarettes. The overall mean score of knowledge regarding closed questions about risk factors of lung cancer was 4.29; however, the mean score of knowledge regarding open questions about symptoms of lung cancer was 1.52. About half of the study sample (51.3%) indicated that unexplained weight loss is a possible symptom of lung cancer. Our findings showed that cigarette smokers have a lower probability of having adequate knowledge toward lung cancer risk factors than a non-smoker (AOR=0.73, COR=0.68, P-value<0.05). We also defined that females have higher statistically significant odds (AOR=1.3, COR=1.38, P-value<0.05) for being knowledgeable about the symptoms of lung cancer compared to the male sample study. Conclusion: According to our findings, there is inadequate knowledge toward lung cancer risk factors and moderate knowledge of lung cancer symptoms. Along with educational programs to raise public knowledge of the dangers of smoking and other LC risk factors, effective tobacco control policy execution is crucial. </p>
Data from: A cross-sectional study investigating the relationship between pit recovery time and serum albumin levels in bilateral lower extremity pitting oedema
<p><span><strong>Objectives</strong>:</span><span> In this study, we re-evaluated the relationship between pit recovery time (PRT) and serum albumin levels and elucidated the factors influencing PRT. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Design</strong>:</span><span> Cross-sectional study.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Setting</strong>:</span><span> Patients who visited the outpatient department or were admitted to a small urban hospital in Japan.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Participants</strong>:</span><span> 135 adult Japanese patients</span> <span>with bilateral lower extremity pitting oedema.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Interventions</strong>: </span></p> <p><strong><span>Primary and secondary outcome measures</span></strong><span>: This study assessed the correlation between PRT and serum albumin levels, calculated the predictive accuracy for identifying a group with low albumin levels when the PRT of the lower leg was < 40 s, and identified variables that influence PRT.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>:</span><span> We found no significant correlation between lower leg PRT and serum albumin levels. Furthermore, a PRT of < 40 s was largely ineffective in predicting low albumin levels. Factors influencing PRT included the diagnosis of malnutrition oedema, examinations conducted during hospitalisation, diagnosis of cardiac oedema, use of diuretics, thickness of the lower limb soft tissue, serum creatinine level, estimated right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP), age, serum albumin level, potassium level, and blood urea nitrogen to serum creatinine ratio. Notable correlations with PRT were observed in relation to lower limb soft tissue thickness, age, and estimated RVSP.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>:</span><span> Given that the PRT is influenced by multiple factors, its correlation with serum albumin levels is weak. Thus, predicting hypoalbuminaemia based solely on PRT is inaccurate.</span></p>
Risk-generating conditions in medication administration during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
<h2><span>This is a database collected in two periods: pre and post COVID-19 pandemic, which was used to construct Juliane Silveira Lobo Lage's master's thesis in nursing, supervised by Dr Flávia Giron Camerini.</span></h2>
Quality assessment of the included papers to assess the pooled prevalence of iodine deficiency among school-age children in Ethiopia, 2023 by using Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies.
<p>This is a quality assessment data of the studies included to assess the pooled prevalence of iodine deficiency and associated factors among school-age children in Ethiopia</p>
raw data - Association between oxidative balance score and sarcopenia in the elderly: A cross-sectional study from NHANES
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Effect of orthodontic extraction of 1st or 2nd lower premolars on third molar angulation after treatment with fixed appliances: a cross-sectional study
<p>Dataset for all analyses</p>
Effectiveness of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) on Survival at Intensive Care Unit: A Cross-sectional Study
<p><em>Background: </em>This study compared the course of COVID-19 in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) and evaluated the effect of vaccination with CoronaVac on admission to ICU.</p> <p><em>Methods: </em>Patients admitted to ICU due to COVID-19 between 1 April 2021 and 15 May 2021 were enrolled to the study. Clinical, laboratory, radiological parameters, hospital and intensive care unit mortality were compared between vaccinated patients and eligible but unvaccinated patients. Patients over 65 years old were the target population of the study due to the national vaccination schedule.</p> <p><em>Results: </em>Data from 90 patients were evaluated. Of these, 36 (40.0%) were vaccinated. All patients had the CoronaVac vaccine. Lactate dehydrogenase and ferritin levels were higher in unvaccinated group than vaccinated group (p=0.021 and 0.008, respectively). SpO<sub>2</sub> from the first arterial blood gas at ICU was 83.71±19.50 % in vaccinated, 92.36±6.59 % in unvaccinated patients (p=0.003). Length of ICU and hospital stay were not different (p=0.204, 0.092, respectively). ICU and hospital mortality were similar between groups <strong>(<strong>p=0.11 and 0.70, respectively</strong>).</strong></p> <p><em>Conclusions: </em>CoronaVac vaccine had no effect on survival from COVID-19. CoronaVac’s protective effect, especially on new genetic variants, should be investigated further.</p>
A cross-sectional study of nemaline myopathy supplementary figures
<p><strong>Objective: </strong> Nemaline myopathy (NM) is a rare neuromuscular condition with clinical and genetic heterogeneity. To establish disease natural history, we performed a cross-sectional study of NM, complemented by longitudinal assessment and exploration of pilot outcome measures. </p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Fifty-seven individuals with NM were recruited at two family workshops, including 16 examined at both time points. Subjects were evaluated by clinical history and physical examination. Functional outcome measures included the Motor Function Measure (MFM), pulmonary function tests (PFTs), myometry, goniometry, and bulbar assessments. </p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The most common clinical classification was "typical congenital" (54%), whereas 42% had more severe presentations. 58% of individuals needed mechanical support, with 26% requiring wheelchair, tracheostomy, and feeding tube. The MFM scale was performed in 44/57 participants and showed reduced scores in most with little floor/ceiling effect. Of the 27 individuals completing PFTs, abnormal values were observed in 65%. Lastly, bulbar function was abnormal in all patients examined, as determined using a novel outcome measure. Genotypes included mutations in ACTA1 (18), NEB (20), and TPM2 (2). Seventeen individuals were genetically unresolved. Patients with pathogenic ACTA1 and NEB variants were largely similar in clinical phenotype. Patients without genetic resolution had more severe disease. </p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> In all, we present a comprehensive cross-sectional study of NM. Our data identify significant disabilities and support a relatively stable disease course. We identify a need for further diagnostic investigation for the genetically unresolved group. Lastly, MFM, pulmonary function tests, and the slurp test were identified as promising outcome measures for future clinical trials. </p>
Data from: Assessment of fear, anxiety, obsession and functional impairment due to COVID-19 amongst health-care workers and trainees: a cross-sectional study in Nepal
<p><b>Background:</b> The emergence of the COVID-19 epidemic threw the world into turmoil. The medical community bore the brunt of the pandemic's toll. It became clear that there was a shortage of medical personnel and resources. Long work hours, and a lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) and social support all had an influence on mental health.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>This cross-sectional study was conducted among Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital students and employees in Palpa, Nepal. Data entailing their demographic details, pre-existing comorbidities, or death in the family due to COVID-19 was collected using a self-administered survey. In addition, the level of fear, anxiety, obsession, and functional impairment due to COVID-19 was recorded using previously validated respective scales.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> In total, 403 health care workers and trainees participated in our study. The average age of the study participants was 23±4 years, and more than half of them (n=262, 65%) were females. A significant association was found between fear score with age (p=0.04), gender (p-value <0.01) and occupation (p-value<0.001). Participants suffering from chronic diseases (p-value=0.36), and those who had experienced a COVID-19 death in the family (p-value=0.18), were not found to be significantly obsessed with COVID-19. However, for those who had experienced a COVID-19 death in the family (p-value=0.51) and age (p-value=0.34), these factors were not found to be significantly associated with higher anxiety levels. Nursing students suffered from a significantly greater functional impairment than people of other medical professionals (mean score=269.15, p-value < 0.001). A moderately positive correlation was observed between fear, anxiety, obsession, and functional impairment scales.</p> <p><b>Conclusion:</b> Unpredictability and uncertainty are considerable in the aftermath of the pandemic. People's psychological well-being deteriorates due to the repercussions of developing a severe sickness, being isolated, and confronting the stigma of being infected. With the health care personnel at the front lines, the stakes are considerably higher for them. This study revealed various socio-demographic characteristics as risk factors for psychological stress in the healthcare personnel of Nepal during the COVID-19 pandemic. A viable answer to this quandary might be adequate psychosocial intervention by health care authorities, increased social support, and the introduction of better mental health management measures for healthcare personnel.</p>
Impacts of using different standard populations in calculating age-standardized death rates when age-specific death rates in the populations being compared do not have a consistent relationship: A cross-sectional population-based observational study on US state HIV death rates
<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To examine if the rankings of state HIV age-standardized death rates (ASDRs) changed if different standard population (SP) was used.</p> <p><strong>Design</strong>:<strong> </strong>A cross-sectional population-based observational study. Setting 36 states in the United States.</p> <p><strong>Participants</strong>: People died from 2015 to 2019.</p> <p><strong>Main outcome measures</strong>: State HIV ASDR using 4 SPs, namely WHO2000, US2000, US2mor020, and Eur2011–2030.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The rankings of 19 states did not change when ASDRs were calculated using US2000 and US2020. Of the 17 states whose rankings changed, the rankings of 9 states calculated using US2000 were higher than those calculated using US2020; in 8 states, the rankings were lower. The states with the greatest changes in rankings between US2000 and US2020 were Kentucky (12th and 9th, respectively) and Massachusetts (8th and 11th, respectively).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: State ASDRs calculated using the current official SP (US2000) weigh middle-age HIV death rates more heavily than older-age HIV death rates, resulting in lower ASDRs among states with higher older-age HIV death rates.</p>
Prevalence, severity, and risk factors of disability among adults living with HIV accessing routine outpatient HIV care in London, United Kingdom (UK): A cross-sectional self-report study
<div> <p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>The study objectives were to measure disability prevalence and severity, and examine disability risk factors, among adults living with HIV in London, United Kingdom (UK).</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>Self-reported questionnaires were administered: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS), HIV Disability Questionnaire (HDQ), Equality Act disability definition (EADD), and demographic questionnaire. We calculated proportion (95% Confidence Interval; CI) of "severe" and "moderate" disability measured using EADD and WHODAS scores ≥2 respectively. We measured disability severity with HDQ domain severity scores. We used demographic questionnaire responses to assess risk factors of "severe" and "moderate" disability using logistic regression analysis, and HDQ severity domain scores using linear regression analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Of 201 participants, 176 (87.6%) identified as men, median age 47 years, and 194 (96.5%) virologically suppressed. Severe disability prevalence was 39.5% (n=79/201), 95% CI [32.5%, 46.4%]. Moderate disability prevalence was 70.5% (n=141/200), 95% CI [64.2%, 76.8%]. Uncertainty was the most severe HDQ disability domain. Late HIV diagnosis was a risk factor for severe disability [Odds Ratio (OR) 2.71; CI 1.25, 5.87]. Social determinants of health, economic inactivity [OR 2.79; CI 1.08, 7.21] and receiving benefits [OR 2.87; CI 1.05, 7.83], were risk factors for "severe" disability. <span>Economic inactivity [OR 3.14; CI 1.00, 9.98] was a risk factor for </span>"moderate" disability. Economic inactivity, receiving benefits, and having no fixed abode were risk factors (P≤0.05) across HDQ domains; physical, mental and emotional, difficulty with day-to-day activities, and challenges to social participation. Personal factors, identifying as a woman and being aged <50 years, were risk factors (P≤0.05) for HDQ domains; mental and emotional, uncertainty, and challenges with social participation.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>People living with well-controlled HIV in London UK experienced multi-dimensional and episodic disability. Results help to better understand the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of disability experienced by adults living with HIV, identify areas to target interventions, and optimise health and functioning.</p> </div>
The unequal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 on life expectancy across urban areas in Chile: A cross-sectional demographic study
<p>Data accompanying the paper The unequal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 on life expectancy across urban areas in Chile: A cross-sectional demographic study, currently at https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.08.21267475v1</p>
Unmet Health Needs among Young Adults with Cerebral Palsy in Ireland: A Cross-Sectional Study
<p>Data used in publication entitled: "Unmet Health Needs among Young Adults with Cerebral Palsy in Ireland: A Cross-Sectional Study" </p> <p>Published in Journal of Clinical Medicine, August 2022.</p> <p>Associated metadata provided in "metadata_unmetneed_v1"</p>
Dataset for a cross-sectional study collated from June 2019 to July 2022 among patients visiting Kalkaal Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia
<p>This is a dataset for a cross-sectional study collated from June 2019 to July 2022 among patients visiting Kalkaal Hospital, Mogadishu, Somalia. All individuals were evaluated for the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) within one hour of sample collection using fast chromatographic immunoassays. Using ELISA equipment for quantitative testing, positive individuals were confirmed. Similarly, a Hepatitis C blood test was performed using a rapid and a PCR test to validate the result. The Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20 was used as the analysis tool.</p>
Perceived quality of care among households ever enrolled in a community-based health insurance scheme in two districts of northeast Ethiopia: A community-based, cross-sectional study
<p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Objectives: </span></strong><span>The purpose of this study was to examine how clients perceived the quality of health care they received and to identify associated factors both at the individual and facility levels.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Design: </span></strong><span>A community-based, cross-sectional study.<span> </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Setting:</span></strong><span> Two rural districts of northeast Ethiopia</span><span>, Tehulederie and Kallu.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Participants:</span></strong><span> 1081 rural households who had ever been enrolled in community-based health insurance and visited a health center at least once in the previous 12 months.<span> </span>Furthermore, 194 health care providers participated in the study to provide cluster-level data. <a name="_Hlk84940584"></a></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><strong><span>Outcome measures</span></strong></span><span><span>: The outcome variable of interest was the perceived quality of care, which was measured using a 17-item scale. </span></span><span>Respondents were asked to rate the degree to which they agreed on 5-point response items relating to their experiences with health care in the outpatient departments of nearby health centers. A multilevel linear regression analysis was used to identify predictors of perceived quality of care. </span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> The mean perceived quality of care was 70.28 (SD=8.39). <a name="_Hlk85270466"></a>Five dimensions of perceived quality of care were extracted from the factor analysis, with the patient-provider communication dimension having the highest <span>mean score (M=77.84, SD=10.12), and information provision having the lowest (M=64.67, SD=13.87). Wealth status, current insurance status, perceived health status, presence of chronic illness, and time to a recent health center visit </span></span><span><span>were individual level variables that showed a significant association with the perceived quality of care. At the cluster level, the work experience of health care providers, patient volume, and an interaction term between patient volume and staff job satisfaction also showed a significant association</span><span>.</span></span><span><span> <span> </span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><strong><span>Conclusions:</span></strong><span> Much work remains to improve the quality of care, especially on information provision and access to care quality dimensions. A range of individual and cluster-level characteristics influence the perceived quality of care. For a better quality of care, it is vital to optimize the patient-provider ratio and enhance staff job satisfaction.</span></p>
Biomechanical Analysis of Limits of Stability Using Computerized Posturography: Correlations with Functional Mobility in Elderly Individuals with Hip Osteoarthritis – A Cross-Sectional Study
<p>The study titled "Biomechanical Analysis of Limits of Stability Using Computerized Posturography: Correlations with Functional Mobility in Elderly Individuals with Hip Osteoarthritis – A Cross-Sectional Study" delves into the intricate relationship between postural stability and functional mobility in elderly patients suffering from hip osteoarthritis (OA). Utilizing advanced computerized posturography, the research quantitatively assesses the limits of stability (LOS) in various directional planes, providing a comprehensive biomechanical profile of the participants. The findings reveal significant discrepancies in LOS between hip OA patients and age-matched asymptomatic controls, underscoring the profound impact of hip OA on balance and stability. Additionally, the study examines the correlation between LOS measurements and functional mobility, as assessed by the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. The results indicate a strong association, suggesting that diminished postural stability in hip OA patients contributes to impaired functional mobility. This cross-sectional analysis highlights the importance of targeted interventions to enhance stability and mobility in this population, aiming to mitigate the risk of falls and improve overall quality of life.</p>
Dataset from "An effective Active Self-Correction in standing without external aids is possible in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: a Cross-Sectional Study"
<p>Dataset from a still not published paper titled "An effective Active Self-Correction in standing without external aids is possible in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis: a Cross-Sectional Study"</p>
Validation of LEXO® End-Effector Robot-assisted Training in Patients with Gait Deficits after Central Nervous System Diseases. A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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