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FIGURE 2 in Echinoderes unispinosus (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), a new record from deep-sea sediments in the Gulf of Mexico

FIGURE 2. Light micrographs showing details of the cuticular morphology of adult males of Echinoderes unispinosus from the Gulf of Mexico. A. Dorsal view of segments 1 to 7. B. Ventral view of segments 1 to 5. C. Segments 9-11. D. Ventral view of segments 5 to 8.Abbreviations: lts, lateral terminal spine; lvs, lateroventral spine; mdp, middorsal placid; mds, middorsal spine; mvp, midventral placid; pf, primary pectinate fringe; s, segment followed by number of corresponding segment; te, tergal extension; sensory spots indicated with dotted circles, type 2 glandular cell outlets are marked with white arrowheads, and type 1 glandular cell outlets with black arrowheads.

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FIGURE 1 in Echinoderes unispinosus (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), a new record from deep-sea sediments in the Gulf of Mexico

FIGURE 1. Map showing the sampling stations within the Economic Exclusive Zone of the Gulf of Mexico.

Fig. 9 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 9. Light micrographs of cuticles from paratypes and hologenophores mounted after DNA extraction and COI sequencing. (A–B) Echinoderes horni, NHMD- 1176472, GenBank Acc. No. OP617666. (C–D) Echinoderes wilberti sp. nov., NHMD- 1176460, GenBank Acc. No. OP617672. (A) Dorsal overview. (B) Segments 1 to 6, dorsal view. (C) Dorsal overview. (D) Segments 1 to 6, dorsal view. Arrows indicate subdorsal tubes on segment 2.

Fig. 3 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 3. Diagram of mouth cone (grey area), introvert and placids in Echinoderes abeli sp. nov., outer oral styles (diamonds), primary scalids (triangles), spinoscalids (open circles), and trichoscalids (stars), with positions of trichoscalid plates and placids indicated. Table shows the scalid arrangement by sector; single-lined boxes mark quincunxes, double-lined boxes mark "double diamonds", question mark indicates unknown information.

Fig. 1 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 1. Maps showing (A) the position of areas of study in Mexico (B) sampling stations at Islas Marias with asterisks marking St. 8 y St.12, and (C) sampling stations in Quintana Roo with inset showing zoom of stations in Xcalak.

Fig. 6 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 6. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes wilberti sp. nov. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 10 to 11 in male, dorsal view. (D) Segments 10 to 11 in male, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, lateroventral glandular cell outlet type 1; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mdgco1, middorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pvb, paraventral bristles; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; sdt, subdorsal tube; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 5 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 5. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes abeli sp. nov. (A) Dorsal overview. (B) Ventral overview. (C) Mouth cone, dorsal view. (D) Introvert sector 2 (paraventral). (E) Segments 1 to 2, dorsal view. (F) Segment 1 to 2, ventral view. (G) Segments 7 to 8, lateral view. (H) Segments 2 to 4, lateral view; inset shows close-up of glandular cell outlet type 2. (I) Segments 10 to 11, dorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (J) Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. (K) Segments 10 to 11, laterodorsal view, showing female sexual dimorphism; inset shows close-up of laterodorsal tube. Abbreviations: ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mdss, middorsal sensory spot; mlt, midlateral tube; oos, outer oral styles; pdss, paradorsal sensory spot; pr, protuberance; psp, primary spinoscalid; sdgco2, subdorsal glandular cell outlet type 2; sdss, subdorsal ss; slt, sublateral tube; sp, spinoscalid followed by introvert ring number; tr, trichoscalid; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot. Digit after abbreviation in lvt refer to segment number.

Fig. 10 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 10. Line art illustrations of Echinoderes horni Higgins, 1983. (A) Female, dorsal view. (B) Female, ventral view. (C) Segments 10 to 11 in male, dorsal view. (D) Segments 10 to 11 in male, ventral view. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; ldss, laterodorsal sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, lateroventral glandular cell outlet type 1; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mdgco1, middorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; mlss, midlateral sensory spot; pdgco1, paradorsal glandular cell outlet type 1; pe, penile spines; pvb, paraventral bristles; sdss, subdorsal sensory spot; vlss, ventrolateral sensory spot; vmgco1, ventromedial glandular cell outlet type 1; vmss, ventromedial sensory spot.

Fig. 12 in New Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida) from Mexico: Molecular barcoding demonstrate species delimitation between highly similar morphospecies

Fig. 12. Confocal laser micrographs of Echinoderes horni (NHMD-1176472) showing focal overview sections, from most dorsal in (A) and a deeper focus through (B) to (C). Sensory spots are indicated by full circles, and glandular cell outlets type 1 by dashed circles.

Fig. 13 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 13. Scanning electron micrographs of additional specimens of Echinoderes guianensis sp. nov. showing trunk segments and details of cuticular appendages. A: Ventrolateral to ventromedial view of cuticular plates of segments 1–2; B: lateral view of segments 3–6; C: lateroventral tube of segment 5; D: lateroventral spine of segment 6; E: sublateral spine and droplet-shaped sensory spot of segment 7; F: subdorsal droplet-shaped sensory spots of segment 9; G: right sternal plates of segments 5–6; H: right sternal plates of segments 7–8; I: midlateral droplet-shaped sensory spot and sublateral nephridiopore of segment 9. Abbreviations: lvt, lateroventral tube; lvs, lateroventral spine; ms, muscular scar; droplet-shaped sensory spots are marked with teardrop-like figures.

Fig. 12 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 12. Scanning electron micrographs of additional specimens of Echinoderes guianensis sp. nov. showing trunk ventral overview and details of mouth cone, introvert, neck, lateral terminal spines and sexually dimorphic features. A: Ventral trunk overview; B: mouth cone outer oral styles; C: introvert, sector 1; D: introvert, sector 4; E: detail of primary spinoscalids; F: detail of regular-sized spinoscalids; G: detail of trichoscalid; H: detail of lateral terminal accessory and lateral terminal spines; I: detail of penile spines. Abbreviations: ba, bacteria; bs, basal sheath; ct, cuticular thickening; ep, end-piece; fr, fringe (preceded by corresponding number of fringe); in, introvert; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mc, mouth cone; ne, neck; ps, penile spine; psp, primary spinoscalid; ts, trichoscalid; lambda marks (̂) indicate attachment point of spinoscalids.

Fig. 11 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 11. Light micrographs of male holotype MNHN- 664Ma (B–H) and female paratype MNHN-665Ma (A) of Echinoderes guianensis sp. nov. showing trunk cuticular details. A: Middorsal to midlateral view on right side of tergal plates of segments 1–2; B: ventral view of segments 1–4; C: middorsal to laterodorsal view on right side of tergal plates of segments 3–4; D: midlateral to ventromedial view on left side of cuticular plates of segment 5; E: detail of the nephridiopore of segment 9; F: middorsal to laterodorsal view on left side of tergal plate of segment 9; G: midlateral to ventromedial view on left side of cuticular plates of segment 6; H: detail of the midlateral spine of segment 7. Abbreviations: dpl, dorsal placid; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mds, middorsal spine; mvpl, midventral placid; sls, sublateral spine; tsp, trichoscalid plate. glandular cell outlets are marked with continuous circles, and sensory spots with dashed circles or teardrop-shaped figures.

Fig. 10 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 10. Line art drawing of Echinoderes guianensis sp. nov. A: Ventral male overview; B: dorsal male overview; C: ventral female overview of segments 10–11; D: ventral female overview of segments 10–11. Abbreviations: dpl, dorsal placid; lddss, laterodorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; ldrss, laterodorsal rounded sensory spot; ldt, laterodorsal tube; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; lvgco1, lateroventral type 1 glandular cell outlet; lvs, lateroventral spine; lvt, lateroventral tube; mddss, middorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; mdgco1, middorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet; mds, middorsal spine; mldss, midlateral droplet-shaped sensory spot; ms, muscular scar; mvpl, midventral placid; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; ps, penile spines; S, segment (followed by number of corresponding segment); sddss, subdorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot; sdgco1, subdorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet; slne, sublateral nephridiopore; sls, sublateral spine; te, tergal extension; tsp, trichoscalid plate; vmdss, ventromedial droplet-shaped sensory spot; vmgco1, ventromedial type 1 glandular cell outlet; vmrss, ventromedial rounded sensory spot.

Fig. 9 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 9. Diagram of mouth cone, introvert and neck placids in Echinoderes guianensis sp. nov. Grey area and thicker line arcs indicate mouth cone and neck placids, respectively. Spinoscalids that may be absent in some sectors are marked in grey with dashed line.

Fig. 8 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 8. Scanning electron micrographs showing two types of prokaryotic (likely bacteria) epibionts found on additional specimens of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. A: Sternal plates of segments 6–7 with filamentous bacteria; B: sternal plates of segments 6–8 with filamentous bacteria; C: filamentous bacteria attached to the ventromedial droplet-shaped sensory spot of segment 6; D: bacteria near the ventrolateral droplet-shaped sensory spot of segment 2; E: bacteria on the muscular scar of segment 6; F: filamentous bacteria attached to the subdorsal enlarged sensory spot of segment 1; G: sternal plates of segments 9–11 and lateral terminal spines with filamentous bacteria; H: bacteria near the lateroventral tube of segment 5; I: bacteria and filamentous bacteria on nephridiopore of segment 9. Abbreviations: tu, tube; arrows indicate the presence and/or attachment point of bacteria and filamentous bacteria respectively.

Fig. 6 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 6. Scanning electron micrographs of additional specimens of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. showing trunk overview and details of introvert, neck, lateral terminal spines and sexually dimorphic features. A: Lateral trunk overview; B: introvert, sector 3; C: introvert, sector 4; D: ventral neck view; E: lateral terminal spine; F: male penile spines; G: female lateral terminal accessory spine. Abbreviations: ba, bacteria; ftz, fringed transverse zone; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lts, lateral terminal spine; mvpl, midventral placid; ne, neck; ps, penile spines; psp, primary spinoscalid; sp, spinoscalid (followed by number of corresponding ring); te, tergal extension; ts, trichoscalid; tsp, trichoscalid plate; lambda marks (̂) indicate attachment point of spinoscalids.

Fig. 7 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 7. Scanning electron micrographs of additional specimens of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. showing trunk segments and details of cuticular appendages. A: Subdorsal and laterodorsal sensory spots of segment 1, with the enlarged external ring of micropapillar (inset shows the intraspecific variability of these structures without such kind of external ring); B: ventral view of segments 2–6; C: subdorsal (top) and laterodorsal (bottom) modified type 2 glandular cell outlets of segments 2 and 4 respectively; D: laterodorsal view on left side of tergal plate of segment 2; E: nephridiopore and midlateral dropletshaped sensory spot of segment 9; F: subdorsal to midlateral view on right side of tergal plates of segments 8–9; G: middorsal spine of segment 4; H: subdorsal to midlateral view on left side of tergal plates of segments 3–4; I: laterodorsal tube of segment 10; J: lateral accessory tube of segment 8 (left) and sublateral spine of segment 7 (right); K: subdorsal type 1 glandular cell outlet of segment 9; L: ventral view of segments 10–11; M: subdorsal droplet-shaped sensory spot of segment 9. Abbreviations: go, gonopore; ms, muscular scar; spf, secondary pectinate fringe; modified type 2 glandular cell outlets are marked with continuous circles, and sensory spots with dashed teardrop-like figures.

Fig. 5 in Two new species of the Echinoderes coulli-group (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida: Echinoderidae) from a low human-impacted mangrove swamp in French Guiana (western Atlantic Ocean)

Fig. 5. Light micrographs of female holotype MNHN- 655Ma (E), male paratype MNHN-661Ma (C–D), and additional specimens (A-B, F) of Echinoderes angelae sp. nov. showing trunk cuticular details. A: Middorsal to midlateral view on right side of tergal plate of segments 1–2; B: midlateral to ventromedial view on left side of cuticular plates of segments 5–7; C: ventral view of segments 5–6; D: dorsal view of segments 8–9; E: midlateral to ventromedial view on right side of cuticular plates of segments 9–10 (inset shows the intraspecific variability of the nephridiopore); F: midlateral to ventromedial view on right side of cuticular plates of segments 7–8. Abbreviations: lat, lateral accessory tube; lvt, lateroventral tube; ms, muscular scar; ppf, primary pectinate fringe; slne, sublateral nephridiopore; sls, sublateral spine; numbers after abbreviation indicate corresponding segment; glandular cell outlets are marked with continuous circles, and sensory spots with dashed circles or teardrop-like figures.