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535 results for “DUST”
Example stacked images and best-fit dust SEDs.
<p>Example stacked images, shown in bins of stellar mass and redshift, for the Herschel SPIRE 500 μm band.</p> <p>Stacked far-IR photometry for the whole sample of galaxies (SEDs_all) and for the star-forming only (SEDs_SF). The best-fit<br>dust emission curves, adopted from Casey (2012), are shown in solid green with 1σ standard deviation in grey.</p>
DUNE: Dust depletion UNified method across cosmic time and Environments
<p>Table 1 and appendices B-C from the paper "DUNE: Dust depletion UNified method across cosmic time and<br>Environments".</p>
PollyXT and COSMO-MUSCAT data for "Investigating the link between mineral dust hematite content and intensive optical properties by means of lidar measurements and aerosol modelling"
<p>The dataset contains 4 different files: </p> <ul> <li>For the single case example on the 24 August 2021 between 2:45 to 5:27 UTC in Mndelo, Cabo Verde: <ul> <li>-Mindelo-PollyXT_CPV-20210824_0245-0527-77smooth-info.txt : contains the information of the vertically retrieved optical properties from PollyXT lidar measurements. The information contained refers to the chosen retrieval times, vertical smoothing, and reference heights</li> <li>-Mindelo-PollyXT_CPV-20210824_0245-0527-77smooth.txt : vertically retrieved optical properties per height.</li> <li>-Mindelo-model_24aug.csv : COSMO-MUSCAT vertical results of dust and mineral mass concentrations per height. The columns that end with "int mass" correspond to the integrated mass per dust layer and columns that end with numbers correspond to different size bins. For reference to the size bins see Table 1 in Gómez Maqueo Anaya et al., 2024</li> </ul> </li> <li>Mutiple case studies: <ul> <li>-Mindelo-lidar-uvvisdiff_model.csv : Twenty-two case studies with the following order: first, the mean values of the lidar-derived optical properties, along with their corresponding retrieval times and heights that define the dust plume. This is followed by the POLIPHON (Mamouri and Ansmann, 2014, 2017) data. The mean values from dust and mineral mass concentrations from the model start with the model heights where the dust plumes were calculated. At the end of the dataset rows, the times from which the modeled mean values are calculated can be found.</li> </ul> </li> </ul>
Supporting datasets used in the paper entitled "Increasing Arctic dust suppresses the reduction of ice nucleation in the Arctic lower troposphere by warming"
<p>This archive contains datasets used in the paper entitled "Increasing Arctic dust suppresses the reduction of ice nucleation in the Arctic lower troposphere by warming".</p>
Models of Dust Scattered Radiation in the Milky Way
<p>Photons from hot stars are scattered by interstellar dust grains to give rise to the diffuse Galactic light (DGL) in the UV. I have modeled the dust scattered light in the two GALEX bands (FUV: 152 nm and NUV: 236 nm) with a Monte Carlo program (available from ascl:1512.012). The spectral type, coordinates and distance of the stars are from the Hipparcos catalog and are modeled using Castelli-Kurucz templates. The dust distribution is taken from Green et al. (2019). The scattering phase function is given by the Henyey-Greenstein function.</p> <p>This data set includes 10 zipped files in each of the two GALEX bands with another at 1100 A. Each file contains the results of the model runs for a range of albedo (0.1 - 0.9) at a single value of g. The models and the data are described in https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2016arXiv160100430M/abstract.</p> <p>Added required dust files and program source code.</p>
Figure 2 in House dust mites (Acari: Astigmata) from mattresses in Panama
Figure 2 Density of mites per gram of dust from mattresses in PA and PO.
Spectral Measurements of Parent Soils from Globally Important Dust Aerosol Entrainment Regions
<p>Spectral data for the paper “Spectral Characterization of Parent Soils from Globally Important Dust Aerosol Entrainment Regions” submitted to the journal of JGR: Atmospheres article number: 2022JD037666.</p> <p>Visible, short-wave infrared (VSWIR) and longwave infrared (LWIR) reflectance spectra as well as longwave transmission spectra presented in that paper are included in this Zenodo repository.</p> <p>The spectral data are stored in CSV file format in columns and the first columns are the wavelengths.</p> <p><strong>VSWIR reflectance</strong>: VSWIR was measured in the wavelength range between ~ 350 and 2500 nm using Spectral Evolution (SE), model RS-5400 portable spectroradiometer with a spectral resolution of 1.5 to 3.8 nm. Soil samples were placed in an aluminum holder and the reflectance spectra collected using a contact probe, equipped with an internal halogen light source. A reflectance spectrum for a spectralon white reference panel was obtained prior to each soil measurement for calibration. All soil reflectance spectra were automatically ratioed to that of the spectralon calibration target. All spectral measurements were converted to absolute reflectance using the correction for spectralon. To obtain adequate signal to noise ratio (SNR), 60 individual scans were averaged for each final output spectrum.</p> <p><strong>LWIR reflectance: </strong>LWIR reflectance was measured in the wavelength range between ~ 2.5 and 25 µm using a benchtop Nicolet 380 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. We used a diffuse reflectance attachment that holds the sample and reference plate horizontally. Gold was used as a reference reflectance standard, because it is highly reflective at all LWIR wavelengths. Once the reference background is collected, the loaded sample holder is placed into the FTIR device to measure the sample reflectance, which is automatically ratioed to the reflectance of the gold plate. This removes the effects caused by the instrument and by atmospheric gases in the instrument path length so that features in the final spectrum are solely due to the sample. To improve the SNR, we set the numbers of scans averaged for the samples and gold reference to 100 and 200, respectively.</p> <p><strong>LWIR transmission: </strong>LWIR transmission was measured in the wavelength range between ~ 2.5 and 25 µm using a benchtop Nicolet 380 Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer. First, we made soil-KBr pellets using 0.5 mg of soil and 200 mg of KBr blended using a clean mortar and pestle for 2 to 3 minutes to ensure uniform dispersion of mineral particles in the matrix. Pellet production was performed with the means of an evacuable KBr Die Kit and a CrushIR Digital Hydraulic Press from PIKE Technologies (Madison, WI, USA). The mixture was first transferred to the Die Kit which was then pressed under vacuum for about 4 to 5 minutes at a pressure of ~ 10 t cm<sup>-2</sup>, forming a hard disk 13 mm in diameter. Due to the hygroscopic nature of KBr, we pulled a vacuum on the pellet die for approximately 3 to 4 minutes prior to compression, and we immediately placed the pellets in a desiccant box, and then measured transmission within one or two hours of pellet creation.</p> <p>The pellet was attached to a self-adhesive sampling card and placed into the transmission holder. The resulting transmission spectrum for the sample is recorded with the dust-KBr mixture measurement being ratioed to that for an empty chamber, or blank reference. To avoid contamination of transmission spectra with ambient gases, the instrument was initially purged with dry air for at least 5 minutes, prior to each transmission collection. To increase the quality of the spectra and improve the SNR, the numbers of scans averaged were 200 for the blank reference and 100 for the samples.</p>
Impact ionization dust detection with compact, hollow and fluffy dust analogs
<p>Datasets for the Planetary and Space Science article "Impact ionization dust detection with compact, hollow and fluffy dust analogs" (DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2022.105536). The data contains two folders for dust impacts on the IIT and CAT targets of CDA. The folders contain separate tables with data for each run. Each table shows the registered CDA impacts for the corresponding run with impact time in UTC (determined by CDA) and all additional information about the impact that could be reconstructed from the measurements of CDA and other detectors (impact velocity, dust mass, ...). Data that could not be reconstructed are represented by NAN values in the tables.</p>
Data from: The impact of land surface properties on haboobs and dust lofting
<p>Haboobs are dust storms formed by strong surface winds in convective storm outflow boundaries, or cold pools, which can loft large quantities of mineral dust as they propagate. Both cold pools and the dust they loft are impacted by land surface properties resulting in complex surface interactions on haboobs. As a result of these additional complexities brought about by surface interactions, it is unclear which surface parameters and physical processes are important for predicting haboob intensity and dust concentrations. Here we applied the Morris one-at-a-time (MOAT) global sensitivity statistical method to an ensemble of 120 idealized simulations of daytime and nighttime haboobs to investigate the land surface properties that affect both dust mobilization and cold pool dynamics. MOAT identifies and ranks the importance of different input factors, which for the prediction of haboob strength and dust concentrations are 1) initial cold pool temperature, 2) surface type (vegetation), 3) soil type (clay content), and 4) soil moisture. The underlying physical mechanisms driving these feedbacks were then analyzed using a traditional one-at-a-time factor analysis. Time of day is significant for determining boundary layer height and dissipation via surface fluxes, leading to shallower, more intense cold pools/haboobs at night. Most of the land parameters modify the cold pool through impacts on surface fluxes, while surface type is dominated by roughness length effects. By ranking the importance of these surface factors, we have identified which variables are most sensitive and must be constrained via observations and data assimilation in numerical dust prediction models.</p>
Modest dust settling in the IRAS04302+2247 Class I protoplanetary disk
<p>Continuum VLA images of IRAS04302+2247, from projects 21B-183 and 21B-100. For the Q and Ka observations, we also include images after correction for free-free emission.</p>
CocciEnv qPCR data and accompanying metadata from soil and settled dust in the San Joaquin Valley
<p>Coccidioidomycosis is a typically respiratory fungal disease that, in the United States, occurs primarily in Arizona and California. In California, most coccidioidomycosis cases occur in the San Joaquin Valley, a primarily agricultural region where the disease poses a risk for outdoor workers. We collected 710 soil samples and 265 settled dust samples from nine sites in the San Joaquin Valley and examined how <em>Coccidioides</em> detection varied by month, site, and the presence and abundance of other fungal species. We detected <em>Coccidioides</em> in 89 of 238 (37.4%) rodent burrow soil samples at five undeveloped sites and were unable to detect <em>Coccidioides</em> in any of 472 surface and subsurface soil samples at four agricultural sites. In what is the largest sampling effort undertaken on agricultural land, our results provide no evidence that agricultural soils in the San Joaquin Valley harbor <em>Coccidioides</em>. We found no clear association between <em>Coccidioides</em> and the greater soil fungal community, but we identified 19 fungal indicator species that were significantly associated with <em>Coccidioides</em> detection in burrows. We also did not find a seasonal pattern in <em>Coccidioides</em> detection in the rodent burrow soils we sampled. These findings suggest both the presence of a spore bank and that coccidioidomycosis incidence may be more strongly associated with <em>Coccidioides</em> dispersal than <em>Coccidioides</em> growth. Finally, we were able to detect <em>Coccidioides</em> in only five of our 265 near-surface settled dust samples, one from agricultural land, where <em>Coccidioides</em> was undetected in soils, and four from undeveloped land, where <em>Coccidioides</em> was common in the rodent burrow soils we sampled. Our ability to detect <em>Coccidioides</em> in few settled dust samples indicates that improved methods are likely needed moving forward, though raises questions regarding aerial dispersal in <em>Coccidioides</em>, whose key transmission event likely occurs over short distances in rodent burrows from soil to naïve rodent lungs.</p>
A Comparison of Passive and Active Dust Sampling Methods for Measuring Airborne MRSA in Pig Farms
<p>Study Abstract:</p> <p>Authors: Anne Rittscher, Abel A. Vlasblom, Birgitta Duim, Peter Scherpenisse, Isabella van Schothorst, Inge M. Wouters, Liese Van Gompel, Lidwien A.M. Smit</p> <p> Methicillin resistant strains of <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>(MRSA) are resistant to most b-lactam antibiotics. Pigs are an important reservoir of livestock associated MRSA (LA-MRSA), which is genetically distinct from both hospital and community acquired MRSA. Occupational exposure to pigs on farms can lead to LA-MRSA carriage by workers. There is a growing body of research on MRSA found in the farm environment, the airborne route of transmission, and its implication on human health. This study aims to compare two sampling methods used to measure airborne MRSA in the farm environment; passive dust sampling with electrostatic dust fall collectors (EDCs), and active inhalable dust sampling using stationary air pumps with Teflon filters.</p> <p>Paired dust samples using EDCs and GSP samplers, totaling 87 samples, were taken from seven Dutch pig farms, in multiple compartments housing pigs of varying ages. Total nucleic acids of both types of dust samples were extracted and targets indicating MRSA (<em>femA, nuc, mecA</em>) and total bacterial count (16S rRNA) were quantified using quantitative Real Time PCRs.</p> <p>MRSA could be measured in all stationary pump samples and in 94% of the EDCs, additionally MRSA was present on every farm sampled. There was a strong positive relationship between the paired MRSA levels found in EDCs and those measured on filters (Normalized by 16S rRNA; Pearson’s correlation coefficient r=0.94, Not Normalized; Pearson’s correlation coefficient r=0.84).</p> <p>This study suggests that EDCs can be used as an affordable and easily standardized method for quantifying airborne MRSA levels in the pig farm setting.</p>
D-DUST Analysis Ready Data Repository
<p>Analysis-ready data repository (<em>D22_ARD_repository_v1_24022022.zip</em>) and Data Management Plan (<em>D-DUST_DMP_v1_22122022.pdf</em>) developed within the D-DUST Project (Data-driven moDelling of particUlate with Satellite Technology aid)</p>
Replication package for: Dust and Death: Evidence from the West African Harmattan
<p>Data and code to replicate all the results in the article Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Bharadwaj, Prashant; Fenske, James; Nyshadham, Anant ; and Stanley, Richard "Dust and Death: Evidence from the West African Harmattan," Economic Journal.</p>
CSFD: The Corrected SFD Milky Way Dust Map
<p>This package contains the full-sky CSFD Galactic dust reddening E(B−V) map and associated data products described in <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.03926">Chiang 2023 (arXiv:2306.03926)</a>.</p> <p>This dust map improves upon the widely used <a href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1998ApJ...500..525S/abstract">Schlegel, Finkbeiner, & Davis (1998, SFD)</a> map by removing a tomographically reconstructed cosmic infrared background (CIB) component that contaminates the original SFD. This new dust map enables more accurate Galactic extinction corrections for extragalactic photometry. More information can be found on the <a href="https://idv.sinica.edu.tw/ykchiang/CSFD.html">project website</a>.</p>
Artificial space weathering to mimic solar wind enhances the toxicity of lunar dust simulants in human lung cells
<p>During NASA's Apollo missions, inhalation of dust particles from lunar regolith was identified as a potential occupational hazard for astronauts. These fine particles adhered tightly to spacesuits and were unavoidably brought into the living areas of the spacecraft. Apollo astronauts reported that exposure to the dust caused intense respiratory and ocular irritation. This problem is a potential challenge for the Artemis Program, which aims to return humans to the Moon for extended stays in this decade. Since lunar dust is "weathered" by space radiation, solar wind, and the incessant bombardment of micrometeorites, we investigated whether treatment of lunar regolith simulants to mimic space weathering enhanced their toxicity. Two such simulants were employed in this research, Lunar Mare Simulant-1 (LMS-1), and Lunar Highlands Simulant-1 (LHS-1), which were added to cultures of human lung epithelial cells (A549) to simulate lung exposure to the dusts. In addition to pulverization, previously shown to increase dust toxicity sharply, the simulants were exposed to hydrogen gas at high temperature as a proxy for solar wind exposure. This treatment further increased the toxicity of both simulants, as measured by the disruption of mitochondrial function, and damage to DNA both in mitochondria and in the nucleus. By testing the effects of supplementing the cells with an antioxidant (N-acetylcysteine), we showed that a substantial component of this toxicity arises from free radicals. It remains to be determined to what extent the radicals arise from the dust itself, as opposed to their active generation by inflammatory processes in the treated cells.</p>
Dust you shall eat: Complex considerations underlying a simple diet
<p>Animals assimilate macronutrients and mineral nutrients in specific quantities and ratios to maximize fitness. To achieve this, animals must ingest different foods that contain the needed nutrients or facilitate the digestion of those nutrients. We explored how these multidimensional considerations affect the desert isopods (<em>Hemilepistus reaumuri</em>) food selection, using field and laboratory experiments. Wild isopods consumed 3-fold more macronutrient-poor biological soil crust (BSC) than plant litter. Isopods tightly regulated macronutrient and calcium intake, but not phosphorus when eating the two natural foods and when artificial calcium and phosphorus sources substituted the BSC. Despite the equivalent calcium ingestion, isopods performed better when eating BSC compared to artificial foods. Isopods that consumed BSC sterilized by gamma-radiation ate more but grew slower than isopods that ate live BSC, implying that ingested microorganisms facilitate litter digestion. Our work highlights the need to reveal the multifaceted considerations that affect food-selection when exploring trophic-interactions.</p>
Efficacy and Safety of 100IR, 300IR, 500IR Sublingual House Dust Mite Tablets in Allergic Rhinitis Environment Exposure Chamber Model
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01527188. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Immunotherapy Administered Under the Tongue to Treat Dust Mite Allergy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00200850. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
House Dust Mite Allergy Trial In Children
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04145219. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 11. Publications: 2.
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