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854 results for “Disparity”
Dataset and R code for the manuscript:Interspecific facilitation drives coexistence by favouring rare sensitive species and reducing performance disparities
<p>The following directory contains the data necessary to replicate the results obtained in the manuscript entitled: <strong>Interspecific facilitation drives coexistence by favouring rare sensitive species and reducing performance disparities </strong></p> <p>We provided an R workspace containing the data "Dataset1.RData", a "ReadMe.txt" archive with detailed information of the variables included in "Dataset1.RData", and the R code necessary to replicate the results and figures ("Rcode1.txt")</p>
Supplementary files for: Why should we compare morphological and molecular disparity?
<p><span>1. </span><span>Indices of morphological disparity seek to summarise the highly multivariate morphological variation across groups of species within clades, time bins or other groups. Morphological variation can be quantified using geometric morphometric, outline or surface-based methods. These are most effective when morphological differences are relatively modest and there are numerous ubiquitous landmarks and phase-aligned features of shape variation. The most disparate samples, such as those across classes and phyla, typically necessitate the use of discrete characters. Unfortunately, such characters are often compiled subjectively in a manner reflecting the level of morphological and taxonomic focus and the intensity of taxon sampling. </span></p> <p><span>2. </span><span>Sampling intensity is often highly variable within a single data set, especially in repurposed and amalgamated cladistic matrices. Here we propose indices of molecular disparity analogous to those of morphological disparity. Molecular sequence data can be obtained in a more objective, automated and scaleable manner than morphological data. </span></p> <p><span>3. </span><span>Comparisons of the morphological and molecular disparity of subclades in sixteen large data sets suggest that molecular disparity is less susceptible to sampling biases than morphological disparity. Moreover, distance matrices inferred from individual genes tend to correlate strongly with each other and with distances from all concatenated genes. By contrast, morphological and molecular disparity are typically not significantly correlated across subclades, such that comparisons for groups can help to give a fuller picture of their evolution. Within mammals, Afrotheria have conspicuously high morphological disparity but modest molecular disparity, suggesting unusually high morphological plasticity. Even more strikingly, the molecular disparity of rodents is over five times that for Artiodactyla, despite having only half of their morphological disparity. These contrasts suggest the differential operation of geometric, biomechanical, ontogenetic and environmental constraints on form. </span></p> <p><span>4. </span><span>Given the increasing abundance of total evidence data sets in the literature and the widespread and sometimes uncritical repurposing of discrete morphological characters, we propose the comparison of morphological and molecular disparity as a useful tool to understand subclade evolution more fully. </span></p>
Data for: Convergence and contingency in the evolution of a specialized mode of life: Multiple origins and high disparity of rock-boring bivalves
<p>Evolutionary adaptation to novel, specialized modes of life is often associated with close mapping of form to function, resulting in narrow morphological disparity. For Bivalvia, endolithy (rock-boring) has biomechanical requirements thought to diverge strongly from those of the ancestral shallow-burrowing habit in soft sediments. However, 3D morphometric data from 73 species among ~94% of extant endolithic genera and families, along with 384 non-endolithic species in those families, show that endolithy has originated at least eight times. Endolithy is evolutionarily accessible from multiple morphological starting points, evidenced by the morphologies of the oldest fossil members of families. Although some endoliths appear to converge on a limited set of shell morphologies, the total range of endolith shell morphologies among the broadest for bivalve life habits, and lacks any unifying morphological trait. Nevertheless, endolithy is a taxon-poor habit today. This limited richness evidently does not derive from damped origination or heightened extinction rates on lineages containing endoliths, and today's endoliths are not confined to low diversity biogeographic regions. Instead, endolithy may be limited by habitat availability. Both determinism (convergence among distantly related taxa) and contingency (endoliths remain close to the disparate morphologies of their source clades) underlie the occupation of endolith morphospace.</p>
Call to Action: Overcoming Enrollment Disparities in Cancer Clinical Trials with Modernized Eligibility Criteria
<p>Dataset used for paper: "Call to Action: Overcoming Enrollment Disparities in Cancer Clinical Trials with Modernized Eligibility Criteria." Data extracted from clinicaltrials.gov.</p>
Data for: Multilevel analysis of integration and disparity in the mammalian skull
<p>Biological variation is often considered in a scalable hierarchy, e.g., within the individual, within the populations, above the species level. Morphological integration, the concept of covariation among constituent parts of an organism, is also hierarchical; the degree to which these 'modules' covary is a matter of the scale of the study as well as underlying processes driving the covariation. Multilevel analyses of trait covariation are a valuable tool to infer the origins and historical persistence of morphological diversity. Here we investigate concordance in patterns of integration and modularity across three biological levels of variation: within a species, within two genera-level radiations, and among species at the family level. We demonstrate this approach using the skull of mammalian family Leporidae (rabbits and hares), which is morphologically diverse and has a rare-among-mammals functional signal of locomotion adaptation. We tested three alternative hypotheses of modularity; from the most supported we investigated disparity and integration of each module to infer which is most responsible for patterns of cranial variation across these levels, and whether variation is partitioned consistently across levels. We found a common pattern of modularity underlies leporid cranial diversity, though there is inconsistency across levels in each module's disparity and integration. The face module contributes the most to disparity at all levels, which we propose is facilitating evolutionary diversity in this clade. Therefore, the distinctive facial tilt of leporids is an adaptation to locomotory behavior facilitated by a modular system that allows lineages to respond differently to selection pressures.</p>
Covid-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) breast cancer and racial disparities outcomes study
<p><span>Background</span>: Limited information is available for patients with breast cancer (BC) and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially among underrepresented racial/ethnic populations.</p> <p><span>Methods</span>: This is a COVID-19 and Cancer Consortium (CCC19) registry-based retrospective cohort study of females with active or history of BC and laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection diagnosed between March 2020 and June 2021 in the US. Primary outcome was COVID-19 severity measured on a five-level ordinal scale, including none of the following complications, hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, mechanical ventilation, and all-cause mortality. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression model identified characteristics associated with COVID-19 severity.</p> <p><span>Results</span>: 1,383 female patient records with BC and COVID-19 were included in the analysis, the median age was 61 years, and median follow-up was 90 days. Multivariable analysis revealed higher odds of COVID-19 severity for older age (aOR per decade, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.32–1.67]); Black patients (aOR 1.74; 95 CI 1.24–2.45), Asian Americans and Pacific Islander patients (aOR 3.40; 95 CI 1.70–6.79) and Other (aOR 2.97; 95 CI 1.71–5.17) racial/ethnic groups; worse ECOG performance status (ECOG PS ≥2: aOR, 7.78 [95% CI, 4.83–12.5]); pre-existing cardiovascular (aOR, 2.26 [95% CI, 1.63–3.15])/pulmonary comorbidities (aOR, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.20–2.29]); diabetes mellitus (aOR, 2.25 [95% CI, 1.66–3.04]); and active and progressing cancer (aOR, 12.5 [95% CI, 6.89–22.6]). Hispanic ethnicity, timing, and type of anti-cancer therapy modalities were not significantly associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. The total all-cause mortality and hospitalization rate for the entire cohort were 9% and 37%, respectively; however, it varied according to the BC disease status.</p> <p><span>Conclusions</span>: Using one of the largest registries on cancer and COVID-19, we identified patient- and BC-related factors associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. After adjusting for baseline characteristics, underrepresented racial/ethnic patients experienced worse outcomes compared to Non-Hispanic White patients.</p>
Dataset and R code for the manuscript: Interspecific facilitation favors rare species establishment and reduces performance disparities among adults
<p>The following directory contains the data necessary to replicate the results obtained in the manuscript entitled: <strong>Interspecific facilitation favors rare species establishment and reduces performance disparities among adults.</strong></p> <p>We provided an R workspace containing the data "Dataset1.RData", a "ReadMe.txt" archive with detailed information on the variables included in "Dataset1.RData", and the R code necessary to replicate the results ("Rcode1.txt")</p>
Cancer Health Disparities drivers with BERTopic Modelling and PyCaret Evaluation - Text data
<p>The complex interplay of social, behavioral, lifestyle, environmental, health system, and natural health variables contribute to disparities in cancer treatment across racial and ethnic groups. Consequently, it is necessary to identify the variables contributing to cancer health inequalities and develop strategies to achieve health equality. PubMed abstract on Cancer health disparities was scraped with a bio.Entrez python package. Preprocessed data with regex and Natural tool kit (NLTK), topic modelling with BERTopic embeddings, and c-TF-IDF to construct dense clusters and analyze top topics linked with Cancer health disparities. Model evaluation with PyCaret coherence score and web app deployment with Streamlit. The results showed that Topic 32 with terms obese, female, male, school, survey, student, poet, and discrepancy had the best coherence score of 0.3687. In contrast, topic 8, with terms prevalence, adult, income, high, usage, diabetes, education, elderly, change and low, received the least coherence score of 0.3255. The model classifies each Subject Word score based on the scores, the granular topic concerns and trends related to cancer health disparities, investigates the connection between drivers of cancer health disparities, and evaluates the model with their coherence score values</p>
Data corresponding to "Disparities in disruptions to public drinking water service in Texas communities during Winter Storm Uri 2021"
<p><strong>Contents:</strong></p> <p><strong>TX_pws_data_uri_zenodo.csv</strong>: This dataset was generated by integrating information on community public water systems (PWSs) from the Texas Commission of Environmental Quality (TCEQ) and Texas Water Development Board's water service boundary viewer, weather data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), and demographic information from the US Census Bureau's 2010 Decennial Census. More information is available in:<br> Tomko, Brianna, 2022, Public drinking water access in Texas communities during Winter Storm Uri 2021, Bachelor Thesis, The Ohio State University, Columbus. </p> <p><strong>readme_for_TX_pws_data_uri_zenodo.txt</strong>: Explains contents of TX_pws_data_uri_zenodo.csv.</p> <p><strong>WaterOutageSurvey-PeopleOnPublicWaterSystems.xlsx</strong>: This dataset was generated as part of a cross-sectionally survey of people living in Texas during Winter Storm Uri.</p> <p>More information on all datasets is available in:</p> <p>Tomko, B., C.L. Nittrouer, X. Sanchez-Vila, and A.H. Sawyer. (2023) "Disparities in disruptions to public drinking water services in Texas communities during Winter Storm Uri 2021," provisionally accepted at PLOS Water, doi: 10.1371/journal.pwat.0000137.</p>
AN INDEX TO QUANTIFY DISPARITIES IN PUBLIC POTABLE WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS: THE TENNESSEE CASE STUDY
<p>Data sets and code used in "An Index to Quantify Disparities in Public Potable Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems: The Tennessee Case Study" </p>
Incorporating real-time traffic data into air quality mapping uncovers more severe exposure disparities at the community level
<p>Data and codes for the XGBoost model training in our manuscript titled "Incorporating real-time traffic data into air quality mapping uncovers more severe exposure disparities at the community level"</p>
Racial Disparities in Antidepressant Treatment After a Psychiatric Consultation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06799078. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 15.
Understanding Disparities in Healthcare and Primary Care Provider Quality
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02626910. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
A Stepped Care Intervention to Reduce Disparities in Mental Health Services Among Cancer Patients and Caregivers
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03016403. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Intervention Trial to Reduce Mental Health Disparities in Latina Immigrant Women
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03545282. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
Genetic Testing to Understand and Address Renal Disease Disparities Across the United States
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04191824. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Improving Outcomes and Reducing Disparities for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease Through Epidemiology and Enhanced Disease Management
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06424769. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 11.
Designing Food Voucher Programs to Reduce Disparities in Healthy Diets
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02843178. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Telehealth Management in HF Disparity Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02196922. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Integrating Financial Management Counseling and Smoking Cessation Counseling to Reduce Health and Economic Disparities in Low-Income Immigrants
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03187730. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.