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FIGURE 2 in A new species of Ituglanis Costa & Bockmann, 1993 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) endemic to the Tramandaí – Mampituba ecoregion, southern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Dorsal view of neurocranium and left suspensorium of Ituglanis boitata, paratype, UFRGS 17617 (66.2 mm SL). Arrows indicate the anterior (af) and posterior (pf) fontanels; autopalatine (ap); sphenotic-prootic-pterosphenoid complex bone (sp); tendon-bone supraorbital (so); pores of the infraorbital canal (i1, i3, i10, i11) and of the supraorbital canal (s1, s2, s3, s6); and pores of the preopercularmandibular branch (po1) of the pterotic branch (po2). Right infraorbital canal and associated pores not shown. Scale bar = 1 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A new species of Ituglanis Costa & Bockmann, 1993 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) endemic to the Tramandaí – Mampituba ecoregion, southern Brazil

FIGURE 5. Dorsal view of the anterior part of neurocranium of Ituglanis boitata, paratype, UFRGS 16064 (49.5 mm SL). Arrow indicates the autopalatine (ap). Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Ituglanis Costa & Bockmann, 1993 (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae) endemic to the Tramandaí – Mampituba ecoregion, southern Brazil

FIGURE 7. Type-locality of Ituglanis boitata: rio Maquiné at road RS–484 between Maquiné and São Francisco de Paula, rio Tramandaí basin, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil.

FIGURES 7–12 in The presence of species of Pseudochironomus Malloch 1915 (Diptera: Chironomidae) in watercourses of Chaco Serrano Ecoregion (Argentina, South America)

FIGURES 7–12. Pseudochironomus viridis (Kieffer), pupa: 7, frontal apotome; 8, thorax frontal part with thoracic horn; 9, tergites I–VII shagreen; 10, detail of tubercles of SI; 11, caudolateral spines of sternite VIII; 12, tergite VIII and anal lobus (scales = 100 µm).

FIGURES 1–6 in The presence of species of Pseudochironomus Malloch 1915 (Diptera: Chironomidae) in watercourses of Chaco Serrano Ecoregion (Argentina, South America)

FIGURES 1–6. Pseudochironomus viridis (Kieffer), male: 1, color pattern of legs, anterior to posterior from right to left (scale= 500 µm); 2, thorax (scale= 100 µm); 3, wing (scale = 500 µm); 4, hypopygium, dorsal view, half right tergite IX removed (scale= 100 µm); 5, detail of posterior margin of tergite IX (scale= 100 µm); 6, pars ventralis (scale= 100 µm).

FIGURES 13–17 in The presence of species of Pseudochironomus Malloch 1915 (Diptera: Chironomidae) in watercourses of Chaco Serrano Ecoregion (Argentina, South America)

FIGURES 13–17. Pseudochironomus viridis (Kieffer), larva: 13, antenna; 14, premandible; 15, pecten epipharyngis; 16, mentum; 17, mandible (scales = 100 µm).

opennotspecifiedOct 2019View details →

Distribution. NE Brazil, at E border of semiarid Caatinga ecoregion ("sertao") and Caatinga—Atlantic Forest ecotone ("agreste") of Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia states. Previous records outside this area could be misidentifications. in Phyllostomidae

Distribution. NE Brazil, at E border of semiarid Caatinga ecoregion ("sertao") and Caatinga—Atlantic Forest ecotone ("agreste") of Alagoas, Sergipe, and Bahia states. Previous records outside this area could be misidentifications.

FIGURE 4 in A new genus for four myobatrachid frogs from the South Western Australian Ecoregion

FIGURE 4. Single advertisement calls displayed as a waveform of relative amplitude (y-axis) over time in seconds (x-axis) for all species of Geocrinia, with the corresponding species labelled beneath the waveform. Black scale bar represents 0.5 seconds. For G. laevis group species (G. laevis, G. leai and G. victoriana) the introductory note is indicated by a green bar above the note(s).

FIGURE 1 in A new genus for four myobatrachid frogs from the South Western Australian Ecoregion

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic relationships between members of the sister genera Geocrinia and Assa. Adapted from Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 21, Read, K., Keogh, J.S., Scott, I.A.W, Roberts, J.D. & Doughty, P., Molecular phylogeny of the Australian frog genera Crinia, Geocrinia, and allied taxa (Anura: Myobatrachidae), 294–308, Copyright Elsevier (2001). The placement of G. lutea follows Driscoll & Roberts (2007). This tree shows the known phylogenetic relationships between all seven Geocrinia species and the allied taxon, Assa wollumbin. Clade 1 (the G. laevis group) is coloured dark grey, with Clade 1a (G. leai) in brown and Clade 1b (G. victoriana and G. laevis) in orange and purple. Clade 2 (the G. rosea group) is coloured light grey, with Clade 2a (G. rosea and G. lutea) in green and yellow and with Clade 2b (G. vitelllina and G. alba) in blue and red.

FIGURE 5 in A new genus for four myobatrachid frogs from the South Western Australian Ecoregion

FIGURE 5. Geographic distribution of Geocrinia species: A) the G. laevis group—G. laevis (purple), G. leai (brown), and G. victoriana (orange); and B) the G. rosea group—G. alba (red), G. lutea (yellow), G. rosea (green), and G. vitellina (blue). Occurrence records are from Wardell-Johnson & Roberts (1993) and the Atlas of Living Australia (2020a–g).

FIGURE 3 in A new genus for four myobatrachid frogs from the South Western Australian Ecoregion

FIGURE 3. Principal components analysis (PCA) plot of morphological variables measured from museum specimens of Assa darlingtoni and all Geocrinia species. The y-axis represents PC1 and the x-axis represents PC2, with primary loadings respectively consisting of snout-vent length and fourth toe length. The G. laevis group species occupy the right side of the morphospace, with G. leai located away from G. laevis and G. victoriana. The G. rosea group species occupy the left and central sections of the morphospace with all four species closely clustered. The related species, Assa darlingtoni, is positioned away from the Geocrinia, on the left side of the plot. Confidence ellipses centred on species means are presented.

FIGURE 2 in A new genus for four myobatrachid frogs from the South Western Australian Ecoregion

FIGURE 2. Oral disc illustrations of all Geocrinia species by M. Anstis, reproduced with permission from the author. The G. laevis group species are in the top row with the G. rosea group species in the bottom row: A) G. leai; B) G. laevis; C) G. victoriana; D) G. alba; E) G. lutea; F) G. rosea; and G) G. vitellina. The scale bar under each illustration represents 1 mm. The arrow in D) indicates papillae and the arrow in F) indicates the lower jaw.

FIGURE 6 in A new genus for four myobatrachid frogs from the South Western Australian Ecoregion

FIGURE 6. The species of Geocrinia Blake 1973 in life. A) G. laevis, from Cradle Mountain, Tasmania; B) G. victoriana, from Eden, New South Wales; and C) G. leai, from Pemberton, Western Australia. Photographs by G. Webster.

opennotspecifiedJun 2015View details →

Distribution. NE, C, & S Brazil, SE Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina as far S as Buenos Aires Province in the E and the Monte Desert ecoregion in the W. in Didelphidae

Distribution. NE, C, & S Brazil, SE Bolivia, Paraguay, Uruguay, and Argentina as far S as Buenos Aires Province in the E and the Monte Desert ecoregion in the W.

FIGURE 11 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 11. Light microscope images of female Lobocriconema sp. specimens from clade D. A, F, K (group 9), Nine-Mile Prairie, Nebraska, A) NID 1155, entire, 400X, F) NID 1156, head, 1000X, K) NID 1156, tail, 1000X. B, G, L) (group 11), Big Thicket National Preserve, Texas, B) NID 5647, entire, 400X, G) NID 5647, head, 1000X, L) NID 5653, tail, 1000X. C, H, M) (group 12), Tunica Hills, Louisiana, C) NID 3057, entire, 400X, H) NID 3057, head, 1000X, M) NID 3090, tail, 1000X. D, I, N) NID 3403 (group 13), Gregory Bald, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina, D) entire, 400X, I) head, 1000X, N) tail, 1000X. E, J, O) NID 3297 (group 14), Torreya State Park, Florida, E) entire, 400X, J) head, 1000X, O) tail, 1000X.

FIGURE 10. Neighbor-joining ITS1 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 10. Neighbor-joining ITS1 tree (Internal Transcribed Spacer 1). Terminal branches identified by NID numbers, taxon, location information and COI group. GenBank Accession sequences are highlighted in green, NID numbers from Criconema arkaense collection sites in Cordero et al. (2012) are highlighted in orange. Clade designation follows the COI tree structure. Red bootstrap values of 5,000 replications.

FIGURE 9 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 9. Light microscope images of female specimens from Criconema arkaense topotype and paratype localities. A, E, I) NID 3229 (clade C, singleton), host maple, Ozark National Forest, Arkansas, A) entire, 400X, E) head, 1000X, I) tail, 1000X. B, F, J) (clade A, group 1) host wild cherry, Ozark National Forest, Arkansas, B) NID 3267, entire, 400X, F) NID 3265, head, 1000X, J) NID 3267, tail, 1000X. C, G, K) (clade D, group 10), host hackberry, Ozark National Forest, Arkansas, C) NID 3259, entire, 400X, G) NID 3259, head, 1000X, K) NID 3257, tail, 1000X. D, H, L) NID 3256 (clade D, group 11), host hackberry, Ozark National Forest, Arkansas D) entire, 400X, H) head, 1000X, L) tail, 1000X.

FIGURE 8 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 8. Light microscope images of female specimens in clade A (group 1) provisionally identified as Lobocriconema crassiannulatum. A, E, I) NID 1149, Lobocriconema sp., Avoca Prairie, Wisconsin, A) entire, 400X, E) head, 1000X, I) tail, 1000X. B, F, J) NID 3267, Lobocriconema sp., Ozark National Forest, Arkansas. B) entire, 400X, F) head, 1000X, J) tail, 1000X. C, G, K) NID 1462, Lobocriconema sp., Roth Prairie, Arkansas. C) entire, 400X, G) head, 1000X, K) tail, 1000X. D, H, L) NID 1214, Lobocriconema sp., Fairfax County, Virginia. D) entire, 400X, H) head, 1000X, L) tail, 1000X.

FIGURE 13 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 13. Images of juveniles and males. A) NID 3121 (group 12), Lobocriconema sp., juvenile, entire, 1000X, Tunica Hills, Louisiana. B) NID 2527 (group 5), Lobocriconema thornei, moulting juvenile, head, 1000X, Ingham County, Michigan - type locality. C) NID 3301 (group 11), Lobocriconema sp., juvenile, head, 1000X, Torreya State Park, Florida. D) NID 938 (group 9), Lobocriconema sp., juvenile, cuticle with scales and fine projections, 1000X, Spring Creek Prairie, Nebraska. E–H) NID 589 (group 7), male, Ichetucknee River, Florida, hardwood forest, E) entire, 400X, F) head, 1000X, G) tail region with spicule and subterminal bursa, 1000X, H) midbody cuticle with lateral lines, 1000X.

FIGURE 15 in Species discovery and diversity in Lobocriconema (Criconematidae: Nematoda) and related plant-parasitic nematodes from North American ecoregions

FIGURE 15. Discriminant function analysis of the 18 haplotype groups. A) Stepwise selection of morphological variables and estimated ability to separate haplotype groups. B) Mapping of classifications into discriminant space.