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359 results for “Elephant”
Data from: African elephant dietary responses to odors of monoterpene mixtures and individual monoterpenes
<p>The detoxification limitation hypothesis posits that, unless plant defense compounds interact synergistically or additively to increase their harmful effects, generalist herbivores will prefer consuming combinations of these compounds over singular compounds. Monoterpenes are odoriferous defense compounds that may be toxic to mammalian herbivores when ingested in sufficient quantities. Previous research has shown that the addition of individual monoterpenes to food sources reduces consumption by generalist mammalian herbivores. By using African elephants as a case study, we aimed to determine whether odors from monoterpene combinations (i.e., two or more monoterpenes) also deter generalist mammalian herbivory, and whether generalist herbivores prefer the odors of monoterpene combinations over individual monoterpenes. First, we tested whether the odor of monoterpene combinations that resemble the monoterpene profiles of a high-acceptability, intermediate-acceptability, and low-acceptability plant deter herbivory. We found that elephants preferred plants without the added odors of the monoterpene combinations. Second, we explored how elephants responded to individual monoterpenes found within the combinations compared to the combinations at the same set concentration, and found that the elephants did not always prefer the combinations over the individual monoterpenes. Moreover, the more diverse the combination, the less frequently it was preferred when compared to the individual monoterpene odors. Our results imply that generalist herbivores do not necessarily prefer combinations of plant chemical defenses at comparatively lower concentrations and that, consequently, the composition and diversity of monoterpene profiles in plants likely determine the efficacy of these compounds as an olfactory defense against mammalian herbivory.</p>
Asian elephant microsatellite genotypes: Nakai Plateau and Sepon mines region, Lao PDR
<p class="MsoNormal">Habitat loss and fragmentation are leading contributors to the endangered status of species. In 2006, the Nakai Plateau contained the largest known Asian elephant (<em>Elephas maximus</em>) population in the Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), and the population was among those with the highest genetic diversity reported for Asian elephants. In 2008, completion of the Nam Theun 2 hydroelectric dam inundated much of the Plateau, resulting in the loss of 40% of elephant habitat. We<span> studied elephant presence, movements, and the incidence of human–elephant conflict (HEC) on the Nakai Plateau and surrounding areas from 2004-2020, before and for 12 years after dam completion. To examine contemporary population dynamics in the Nakai elephants, we </span>used genetic sampling to compare <span>minimum population numbers, demography, and levels of genetic diversity from the wet and dry seasons in 2018/2019, 10 years after dam completion, </span>with those reported in a pre-dam-completion genetic survey.<span> </span>After dam completion, we found a major increase in HEC locally and the creation of new, serious, and persistent HEC problems as far as 100 km away.<span> </span>While we were unable to compare estimated population sizes before and after dam completion, our data revealed a decrease in genetic diversity, a male-biased sex ratio, and evidence of dispersal from the Plateau by breeding-age females. Our results raise concerns about the long-term viability of this important population as well as that of other species in this region. Given that hydropower projects are of economic importance throughout Laos and elsewhere in southeast Asia, this study has important implications for understanding and mitigating their impact.</p>
Data for: Beyond Protected Areas: The importance of mixed-use landscapes for the conservation of Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus)
<p>Elephants were once widely distributed across the Indonesian island of Sumatra but now exist in small, isolated populations. Using the best data currently available on elephant occurrence, we mapped suitable habitat for elephants on Sumatra (<em>Elephas maximus sumatranus</em>). We used direct sightings and indirect observations of elephant signs, as well as six remotely-sensed proxies of surface ruggedness, vegetation productivity and structure, and human land use and disturbance, to model habitat suitability in a Google Earth Engine (GEE) environment. We validated the habitat suitability prediction using an independent geolocation dataset collected from global positioning system (GPS) collars fitted on elephants, and also assessed the functional connectivity between known elephant population ranges by deriving a resistance surface for Circuitscape from this prediction. Thirty-two percent (135,646 km<sup>2</sup>) of Sumatra's land area was predicted to be suitable habitat, with 43 patches of suitable habitat located across Sumatra. Areas with high connectivity were concentrated in the Riau and North Sumatra provinces. Though our analysis highlights the need to improve the quality of data collected on Sumatran elephants, it suggests that more suitable habitat remains on Sumatra than is used by known populations. Targeted habitat conservation, especially of the suitable habitat in and by the Lamno, Balai Raja, Tesso Tenggara, Tesso Utara, Bukit Tigapuluh, Seblat, Padang Sugihan, and Bukit Barisan Selatan ranges, may improve the long-term viability of the critically endangered species.</p>
Protecting the resource: an assessment of mitigation methods used to protect large trees from African elephant impact in a savanna system
<p>African elephants (<em>Loxodonta africana</em>) can alter the structural components of savanna ecosystems, often through the reduction of the large tree (>5 m height) cover component. Elephant impact can be amplified in small, protected areas, or areas where water is readily available to elephants. One management option is to protect large trees directly using applied mitigation methods to limit elephant impact. In this paper, we assessed and compared the effectiveness and logistical requirements of four mitigation methods that have been applied to protect large trees from elephant impact in South Africa's Greater Kruger National Park - namely African honeybees (<em>Apis mellifera scutellata</em>) in beehives; creosote oil in glass jars, concrete pyramids arranged in circles around trees, as well as wire-netting the trees' main stems. For each method, elephant impact levels and tree mortality rates were measured over a 2–5-year period depending on the method in use. Sample sizes ranged from 43 to 59 trees per mitigation method, with a comparable control, which was a tree of the same species and morphological dimensions but lacking any mitigation application. Beehives were the most effective method at reducing tree loss, significantly reducing tree mortality from 34% (6.8%/year) in control trees to only 10% (2%/year) over the five-year experimental period. However, beehives were the most expensive method to apply to a tree, although this cost can be compensated through honey sales. Concrete pyramids reduced tree loss when the combined pyramid radius was >1.5 m in length, whilst wire-netting was effective against bark-stripping by elephants but was still vulnerable to heavier forms of impact such as uprooting and stem snapping. Creosote jars did not prevent elephants from impacting treated trees. Our results provide managers with a toolkit for protecting large trees against elephant impact, commenting on both the efficacy and the logistical constraints for each method.</p>
Data from: Infrared barriers as a detection tool to reduce human-elephant conflicts
<p>Elephant incursions into farms represent an important challenge for local communities and farmers living around protected areas, but also for the long-term conservation of elephants. Early detection of elephants is a promising technique to reduce elephant presence in farms and human settlements reducing human elephant interactions. In this study we investigated the potential of infrared barriers to detect African savannah elephants (<em>Loxodonta africana</em>). We designed and tested battery-operated photoelectric beam sensors in 12 locations of southern Tanzania and assessed the elephant detection accuracy through camera trapping for a total of 246 days. We obtained 1803 recordings of wildlife crossing the barriers range (30 different species of mammals and several bird and bat species). Our results show that infrared barriers, when located at 1.75-2.2 m high, detect 100% of adult elephants and ∼29% of subadult elephants. Giraffes were the only other wildlife species detected by the barriers. Interestingly, large vehicles were also detected, which might be helpful to prevent motorized poaching. Given the gregarious behaviour of elephant families, and the limited access for vehicles, infrared barriers may represent an interesting and cost-effective detection system for early warning strategies in elephant-dominated areas of Africa and Asia or for other large-sized visitors.</p>
Elephant (Carved Figure)
This is an elephant figure that i bought in a small shop to digitze it. 90 Images (stacked from 10 shots) taken with Panasonic G9 and Olympus 60mm Macro. Processed with Reality Capture, Blender and Substance Designer Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Armoured Elephant
Quick, before it's deleted! This is a scan I did of the armored elephant at the Royal Armouries in Leeds when I was there for IMC 2019. Enjoy! Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Coco the elephant
Coco the elephant Hand carved from a coconut, bought on a beach in sri-lanka shot on a turntable, low quality images, made in autodesk memento. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Elephant Figurine
Collection and item number: Jacob and Jean Wine Collection, #555-15 Origin: Nigeria, c. 1950 Media: White material This item was 3D scanned using a [Creaform Go Scan 20.](https://onlineresourcesinc.com/products/academia-20/) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Age-specific differences in Asian Elephant defecation, dung decay, detection and their implication for dung count
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Data for: Beyond Protected Areas: The importance of mixed-use landscapes for the conservation of Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus)
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Data from: Visual feedback influences the consistency of the locomotor pattern in Asian Elephants (Elephas maximus)
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Videos related to: Noise matters: Elephants show risk-avoidance behaviour in response to human-generated seismic cues
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Data from: Long-term monitoring of seed dispersal by Asian elephants in a Sundaland rainforest
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Fin whale tracks Elephant Island
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Data from: African elephant dietary responses to odors of monoterpene mixtures and individual monoterpenes
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Data from: Feeding strategies of the Pleistocene insular dwarf elephants <em>Palaeoloxodon falconeri</em> and <em>Palaeoloxodon mnaidriensis</em> from Sicily (Italy)
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Data from: Nocturnal giants: evolution of the sensory ecology in elephant birds and other palaeognaths inferred from digital brain reconstructions
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Sexual dimorphism of head, teeth, flipper, and body size in northern elephant seals (<em>Mirounga angustirostris</em>) throughout ontogeny
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Data from: Molecular population genetics of the northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.