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232 results for “Forest management”
Optimal forest management schemes and the corresponding forest biomass carbon sink projections in China
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Management alters drought-induced mortality patterns in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forests
<ul> <li>The high tree mortality during the dry and hot years 2018-2019 in Europe affected not only even-aged and monospecific conifer stands but also semi-natural <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> L. (European beech) forests. This has triggered concerns on the future of European beech forests under climate change and raised questions as to whether forest management may increase tree mortality rates through creating more open canopies. We compared long-term mortality rates of beech between strict forest reserves and adjacent managed reference stands for three inventory periods at 11 sites in the federal state Hesse, Germany, near the centre of the European distribution of the species.</li> <li>We hypothesized that mortality would increase with climatic water deficits during the growing season, initial stand density, and decreasing dominance (canopy status) of trees. We also hypothesized that mortality would decrease with site moisture status and the intensity of tree removals. To quantify the influence of management, initial stand density and tree removals were used as predictor variables. In addition, we analyzed the influence of the climatic water balance and competitive status of trees on mortality.</li> <li>Mean annual natural mortality rates ranged between 0.5 % and 2.1 %. Even in the drought years beech mortality rates were surprisingly low. We observed no signs of striking canopy disintegration. The significantly higher mortality (1.6 % - 2.1 %) in unmanaged stands during the drought years 2018 and 2019 was largely confined to suppressed trees. There was no significant increase of mortality in managed stands during the drought years, but a shift of mortality towards larger canopy trees.</li> <li>Our study did not confirm a general influence of management in the form of tree removals on mortality rates. Yet, we showed that during drought years management changed the distribution of mortality within the tree community. To analyze the effect of management on mortality rates more comprehensively, a wider gradient in site moisture conditions including sites drier than in this study and longer post-drought periods should be employed.</li> </ul>
Data from: Irregular forest structures originating after fire: an opportunity to promote alternatives to even-aged management in boreal forests
<p><span>1. Even-aged silviculture based on short-rotation clearcuts had severely altered boreal forests. Silvicultural alternatives (e.g., continuous cover or retention forestry) has the potential to restore and protect the habitats and functions of boreal forests. These alternatives are however often restricted to structurally complex old-growth forest, which are particularly threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. Increasing the use of alternatives to even-aged silviculture in early-successional stands could help recruit more structurally complex forests, with characteristics closer to the old-growth. In this article, we therefore evaluate the potential for silvicultural alternatives to even-aged management in boreal forests that burned less than a century ago.</span></p> <p><span>2. We analyzed 1085 field plots in a 243000 km<sup>2</sup> area situated in the boreal forest of eastern Canada. These plots burned 30 to 100 years before the survey and had not been subjected to previous or subsequent anthropogenic disturbance; they hence represent young primary forests. The main patterns of tree diameter distribution variation within the plots were identified using k-means clustering. Stand structure, tree species composition, and environmental variables that most explained the differences among the clusters were identified with a random forest model, and then compared using Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher's exact tests.</span></p> <p><span>3.</span> <span>The majority (>75 %) of the plots presented an irregular structure of stem diameters (i.e., non-normally distributed, with many small diameter trees). The understorey was generally dominated by black spruce (<em>Picea mariana</em> [Mill.] BSP), a shade-tolerant species. Irregular structures were observed in both forests of high and low productivity, implying that different processes (e.g., early regeneration, variable tree growth) can lead to observed early irregular structure. Regular structures were generally characterized by a higher productivity and abundance in hardwood species compared to the irregular structures. </span></p> <p><span>4. <em>Synthesis and application</em>: Many boreal forests of eastern Canada progress towards an irregular structure in the decades following the last stand-replacing fire. A substantial part of these early-successional forests may be suitable for alternatives to even-aged silviculture that better maintains habitats and functions of preindustrial boreal forests. </span></p>
Monitoring resistance and resilience using carbon trajectories: analysis of forest management-disturbance interactions
<p>A changing climate is altering ecosystem carbon dynamics with consequences for natural systems and human economies, but there are few tools available for land managers to meaningfully incorporate carbon trajectories into planning efforts. To address uncertainties wrought by rapidly changing conditions, many practitioners adopt resistance and resilience as ecosystem management goals, but these concepts have proven difficult to monitor across landscapes. Here, we address the growing need to understand and plan for ecosystem carbon with concepts of resistance and resilience. Using time series of carbon fixation (n=103), we evaluate forest management treatments and their relative impacts on resistance and resilience in the context of an expansive and severe natural disturbance. Using subalpine spruce-fir forest with a known management history as a study system, we match metrics of ecosystem productivity (net primary production, g·C·m<sup>2</sup>·y<sup>-1</sup>) with site-level forest structural measurements to evaluate (1) whether past management efforts impacted forest resistance and resilience during a spruce beetle (<em>Dendroctonus rufipennis</em>) outbreak, and (2) how forest structure and physiography contribute to anomalies in carbon trajectories. Our analyses have several important implications. First, we show that the framework we applied was robust for detecting forest treatment impacts on carbon trajectories, closely tracked changes in site-level biomass, and was supported by multiple evaluation methods converging on similar management effects on resistance and resilience. Second, we found that stand species composition, site productivity, and elevation predicted resistance, but resilience was only related to elevation and aspect. Our analyses demonstrate application of a practical approach for comparing forest treatments and isolating specific site and physiographic factors associated with resistance and resilience to biotic disturbance in a forest system, which can be used by managers to monitor and plan for both outcomes. More broadly, the approach we take here can be applied to many scenarios, which can facilitate integrated management and monitoring efforts.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Brundu G, Richardson DM (2016) Planted forests and invasive alien trees in Europe: A Code for managing existing and future plantings to mitigate the risk of negative impacts from invasions. In: Daehler CC, van Kleunen M, Pyšek P, Richardson DM (Eds) Proceedings of 13th International EMAPi conference, Waikoloa, Hawaii. NeoBiota 30: 5–47. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.30.7015
Supplementary tables : Explanation note: Table 1. Examples of specific plantation practices aimed at reducing problems with invasive alien tree species. Some of these rules can be considered of general utility, whereas others refer to specific alien tree species and aim to mitigate specific impacts. Table 2. The fifty alien trees most frequently listed (with different rankings) in European countries
Data: The effects of glucose addition and water table manipulation on peat quality of drained peatland forests with different management practices
<p>The file contain data on peat chemical quality and peat decomposition. We studied how glucose addition, water table and forest harvesting affect the chemical composition of peat and decomposition rate (carbon dioxide fluxes) and soil water quality. Experiments and results are presented in:</p> <p>Aaltonen H., Zhu X., Khatun R., Laurén A., Palviainen M., Könönen M., Peltomaa E., Berninger F., Köster K., Ojala A., Pumpanen J. 2022. The effects of glucose addition and water table manipulation on peat quality of drained peatland forests with different management practices. Soil Science Society of America Journal 86:1625–1638. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20419">https://doi.org/10.1002/saj2.20419</a></p> <p> </p>
Excel code for: Trading off nature for nature-based solutions: The bioeconomics of forest management for wildlife, timber and carbon
<p>This dataset contains MS Excel spreadsheet code used to analyze an integrative model that illustrates the inherent trade-offs that will arise among the competing values for landscape space in a boreal forest ecosystem involving interactions among the main trophic compartments of an intact boreal ecosystem, aka "nature". The model accounts for carbon accumulation via biomass growth of forest trees (timber), carbon loss due to controls from moose herbivory that varies with moose population density (hunting), and soil carbon inputs and release, which together determine net ecosystem productivity (NEP), a measure of carbon sink strength of the ecosystem. We examine how controls on carbon dynamics are altered by forest management for timber harvest, and by moose hunting. We link the ecological dynamics with an economic analysis by assigning a price to carbon stored within the intact boreal forest ecosystem. We then weigh these carbon impacts against the economic benefits of timber production and hunting across a range of moose population densities. Combined, this carbon-bioeconomic program calculates the total ecosystem benefit of a modelled boreal forest system, providing a framework for examining how different forest harvest and moose densities influence the achievement of carbon storage targets, under different levels of carbon pricing.</p>
Data and code for "Tree species abundance changes at the edges of their climatic distribution: an interplay between climate change, plant traits, and forest management"
<p>## Secondary data and code to accompany the research entitled "Tree species abundance changes at the edges of their climatic distribution: an interplay between climate change, plant traits, and forest management" by Padullés Cubino et al. (2024).</p> <p># There are four folders with (1) "raw data", (2) "processed data", (3) "results", and (4) "scripts".</p> <p># The raw and processed data folders contain the CSV and XLSX files with all the data used for analysis and produced from them</p> <p># The "results" folder contains the figures and table presented in the manuscript.</p> <p># The "scripts" folder contains four scripts for the analyses described in the manuscript:</p> <p> 01_preparation_ClimEdge.R -> data cleaning and processing</p> <p> 02_script_Fig1.R -> code to produce Fig1</p> <p> 03_script_Fig2.R -> code to produce Fig2</p> <p> 04_script_Table1_Fig3.R -> code to produce Table 1 and Fig3</p> <p># If anything is unclear, please contact the corresponding author for clarification (padullesj@gmail.com).</p>
Figure 2 in Density, occupancy and detectability of tortoise species (Chelonoidis spp.) in the Atlantic Forest: implications for conservation and management
Figure 2. Relationship between the probability of detection of Chelonoidis denticulatus (A) and Chelonoidis carbonarius (B) with the accumulated rainfall of the day before sampling (previous rainfall) in the Vale Natural Reserve, Brazil.
Figure 1 in Density, occupancy and detectability of tortoise species (Chelonoidis spp.) in the Atlantic Forest: implications for conservation and management
Figure 1. Location of the Vale Natural Reserve, municipality of Linhares, Espírito Santo, south-eastern Brazil, showing the location of the linear transects and the types of vegetation present in the Reserve.
Figure 3 in Density, occupancy and detectability of tortoise species (Chelonoidis spp.) in the Atlantic Forest: implications for conservation and management
Figure 3. Relationship between the probability of occupancy of Chelonoidis denticulatus (A) and Chelonoidis carbonarius (B) with the distance from the water resource, and relationship between the probability of occupancy of Chelonoidis denticulatus and the percentage of forest cover (C) in the Vale Natural Reserve, Brazil.
Data from: A century of changing flows: forest management changed flow magnitudes and warming advanced the timing of flow in a southwestern US river
The continued provision of water from rivers in the southwestern United States to downstream cities, natural communities and species is at risk due to higher temperatures and drought conditions in recent decades. Snowpack and snowfall levels have declined, snowmelt and peak spring flows are arriving earlier, and summer flows have declined. Concurrent to climate change and variation, a century of fire suppression has resulted in dramatic changes to forest conditions, and yet, few studies have focused on determining the degree to which changing forests have altered flows. In this study, we evaluated changes in flow, climate, and forest conditions in the Salt River in central Arizona from 1914–2012 to compare and evaluate the effects of changing forest conditions and temperatures on flows. After using linear regression models to remove the influence of precipitation and temperature, we estimated that annual flows declined by 8–29% from 1914–1963, coincident with a 2-fold increase in basal area, a 2-3-fold increase in canopy cover, and at least a 10-fold increase in forest density within ponderosa pine forests. Streamflow volumes declined by 37–56% in summer and fall months during this period. Declines in climate-adjusted flows reversed at mid-century when spring and annual flows increased by 10–31% from 1964–2012, perhaps due to more winter rainfall. Additionally, peak spring flows occurred about 12 days earlier in this period than in the previous period, coincident with winter and spring temperatures that increased by 1–2°C. While uncertainties remain, this study adds to the knowledge gained in other regions that forest change has had effects on flow that were on par with climate variability and, in the case of mid-century declines, well before the influence of anthropogenic warming. Current large-scale forest restoration projects hold some promise of recovering seasonal flows.
Data from: Forest management adaptation to climate change: a Cornelian dilemma between drought resistance and soil macro-detritivore functional diversity
1. Global warming induces new constraints on forest ecosystems and requires forest management adaptation. The reduction in stand density is currently debated as a potential tool to face increasing summer drought risk by improving forest resistance to climate change-induced tree mortality. However, few studies have yet assessed the impacts of this management change on soil biodiversity. 2. We conducted a large-scale, multi-site assessment of the response of soil macro-detritivore assemblages and soil functioning to experimental manipulations of stand density. A total of 33 stands were studied covering a wide gradient of stand density, that is stand basal area from 2·5 to 43·7 m2 ha−1, stand age, that is 18–171 years old, and local abiotic context. 3. We observed contrasting responses as a function of both taxonomic and functional groupings. Exploratory analysis using causal diagrams, that is path analysis, highlights that these changes were mainly related to alterations in understorey vegetation, microclimatic and soil pH conditions. The response of soil macro-detritivore assemblages to stand density manipulation was consistent over the gradient of stand ages. 4. Among the litter-dwelling macro-detritivores, millipede abundance and diversity decreased with stand density reduction, while woodlice and epigeic earthworms were unaffected. Further, a shift in soil-dwelling earthworm community composition was observed in mull stands. Endogeic earthworm abundance showed a sharp increase with stand density reduction, which translated into an increase in soil respiration. In contrast, anecic earthworm abundance decreased and was strongly associated with a decline of the rate of forest floor turnover. 5. Synthesis and applications. Our study provides strong evidence that reductions of stand density will have substantial impacts on soil macro-detritivore assemblages and cascading effects on soil functioning, particularly in mull stands. Managing stand density of oak forests at an intermediate level, that is 25 m2 ha−1, appears to be best to optimize the trade-off between improving forest resistance to climate change and ensuring the conservation of functional diversity to preserve forest ecosystem functioning and stability.
Data from: Severe fire weather and intensive forest management increase fire severity in a multi-ownership landscape
Many studies have examined how fuels, topography, climate, and fire weather influence fire severity. Less is known about how different forest management practices influence fire severity in multi-owner landscapes, despite costly and controversial suppression of wildfires that do not acknowledge ownership boundaries. In 2013, the Douglas Complex burned over 19,000 ha of Oregon & California Railroad (O&C) lands in Southwestern Oregon, USA. O&C lands are comprised of a checkerboard of private industrial and federal forestland (Bureau of Land Management, BLM) with contrasting management objectives, providing a unique experimental landscape to understand how different management practices influence wildfire severity. Leveraging Landsat based estimates of fire severity (Relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio, RdNBR) and geospatial data on fire progression, weather, topography, pre-fire forest conditions, and land ownership, we asked 1) what is the relative importance of different variables driving fire severity, and 2) is intensive plantation forestry associated with higher fire severity? Using Random Forest ensemble machine learning, we found daily fire weather was the most important predictor of fire severity, followed by stand age and ownership, followed by topographic features. Estimates of pre-fire forest biomass were not an important predictor of fire severity. Adjusting for all other predictor variables in a general least squares model incorporating spatial autocorrelation, mean predicted RdNBR was higher on private industrial forests (RdNBR 521.85 ± 18.67 SE) versus BLM forests (398.87 ± 18.23 SE) with a much greater proportion of older forests. Our findings suggest intensive plantation forestry characterized by young forests and spatially homogenized fuels, rather than pre-fire biomass, were significant drivers of wildfire severity. This has implications for perceptions of wildfire risk, shared fire management responsibilities, and developing fire resilience for multiple objectives in multi-owner landscapes.
Data set of 1) plant abundance in the herb layer and 2) Shrub and tree composition and structure following forest management along a chronosequence
<p>In each site (1200 m²), three circular plots (400 m²) were established (total of 198 plots). Data presented here for 1) plant of the herb layer and 2) shrub and tree are grouped by site (addition of three plots). </p> <p>In the herb layer, total plant species identity and abundance (percentage cover) were sampled in each plot using eight circular micro-plots of 4 m². Data were collected in 2016 and 2017, between June and August. To minimize seasonal variability and allow detection of early spring species, plants (identity and abundance) in the herb layer were measured twice (once in June to early-July, and once in late-July to August).</p> <p>For tree, in each plot, species identity, diameter at breast height (DBH, 1.3 m) and locations of each tree > 9.1 cm DBH were determined. In each plot, species identity and DBH of shrubs and small trees (DBH range: 1.1 to 9.1 cm) were measured in three circular micro-plots of 25 m². Data that were related to the shrub-canopy layer included all trees and shrubs with DBH > 1.1 cm. Here, in each site, forest composition and structure is represented by different combinations of DBH classes (1.1-4 cm, 4-9.1 cm, 9.1-20 cm, 20-35 cm, >35 cm) and species.</p> <p>Plant community composition and abundance were assessed in unmanaged forests (sites of old-growth forest > 100 years, with dominant and co-dominant trees older than 200 years, and no obvious sign of past harvesting), and in even-aged and uneven-aged managed forests along a chronosequence (< 5 years, 15 years, 30 years after forest harvesting).</p>
Vascular plant species list of managed oak stands in the Bory Stobrawskie Forest (SW Poland, Central Europe)
<p><span lang="EN-GB">This is the second version of the species list, which has been expanded to include additional ecological and statistical information for each species. </span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">The data were collected in the summer of 2023 from 100 circular plots (each measuring 314 m²) located in forest stands aged between 41 and 180 years, which were dominated by oak trees —pedunculate oak (<em>Quercus robur</em> L.) and/or sessile oak (<em>Quercus petraea</em> (Matt.) Liebl.). The study area was situated in the Bory Stobrawskie mesoregion in the Opole voivodeship, Poland (50°31'-50°59'N, 17°40'-18°35'E).</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">The species list includes the percentage frequency, fidelity, and average cover values, which were calculated using the JUICE software for all plots and for plots located in middle-aged (41–80 years) and old (100–180 years) stands. For each species, information is also provided on: life form, life strategy and forest species category.</span></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">The newly added data includes information on whether a species is considered an ancient forest species, its ecological indicator values for soil moisture, soil nitrogen, soil reaction, light, and temperature, and </span>its rarity in Poland.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Bee diversity decreases rapidly with time since harvest in intensively managed conifer forests
<p>Despite widespread concern about the anthropogenic drivers of global pollinator declines, little information is available about the impacts of land management practices on wild bees outside of agricultural systems, including forests managed intensively for wood production. We assessed changes in wild bee communities with time since harvest in 60 intensively managed Douglas-fir (<em>Pseudotsuga</em> <em>menziesii</em>) stands across a gradient in stand ages spanning a typical harvest rotation. We measured bee abundance, species richness, and alpha and beta diversity, as well as habitat characteristics (i.e., floral resources, nesting substrates, understory vegetation, and early seral forest in the surrounding landscape) during the spring and summer in 2018 and 2019. We found that bee abundance and richness declined rapidly with stand age, decreasing by 61% and 48%, respectively, for every five years since timber harvest. Asymptotic estimates of Shannon and Simpson diversity were highest in stands 6-10 y post-harvest and lowest after the forest canopy had closed, approximately 11 y post-harvest. Bee communities in older stands were nested subsets of bee communities found in younger stands, indicating changes were due to species loss, rather than turnover, as stands aged. Bee abundance – but not richness – was positively associated with floral resource density, and neither metric was associated with floral richness. The amount of early seral forest in the surrounding landscape seemed to enhance bee species richness in older, closed-canopy stands, but otherwise had little effect. Changes in the relative abundance of bee species did not relate to bee functional characteristics such as sociality, diet breadth, or nesting substrate. Our study demonstrates that Douglas-fir plantations develop diverse communities of wild bees shortly after harvest, but those communities erode rapidly over time as forest canopies close. Therefore, stand-scale management activities that prolong the pre-canopy closure period and enhance floral density during the initial stage of stand regeneration will provide the greatest opportunity to enhance bee diversity in landscapes dominated by intensively managed conifer forests.</p>
Can Forest Management Practices Counteract Species Loss Arising from Increasing European Demand for Forest Biomass under Climate Mitigation Scenarios?
<p>Here are stored two datasets belonging to the model build for the following research article:</p> <p><strong>Can Forest Management Practices Counteract Species Loss Arising from Increasing European Demand for Forest Biomass under Climate Mitigation Scenarios?</strong></p> <p>Francesca Rosa, Fulvio Di Fulvio, Pekka Lauri, Adam Felton, Nicklas Forsell, Stephan Pfister, Stefanie Hellweg</p> <p><em>Environmental Science and Technology</em>, <strong>2023</strong></p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c07867">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c07867</a></p> <p>The rest of the data, the code and further documentation are provided in this github repository: <a href="https://github.com/francesca-git/EU28-ForestMng-Climate">https://github.com/francesca-git/EU28-ForestMng-Climate</a> </p> <p> </p>
Data from : Quantifying the Effect Size of Management Actions on Aboveground Carbon Stocks in Forest Plantations
<p>These data were extracted from publications listed in the supplemental data associated with the manuscript. The data include information on the aboveground carbon biomass of individual tree crops in pure versus interplanted stands, the aboveground biomass stocks of NPK fertilized versus unfertilized forest plantations, and the aboveground carbon stocks of thinned versus unthinned forest plantations. Additionally, the data contains other attributes of the studies that were used as moderator variables in the meta-analysis. For further details on how missing standard deviations were imputed, please refer to the methods section of the manuscript.</p>
Supplementary material 7 from: Muller E, Dvořák M, Marçais B, Caeiro E, Clot B, Desprez-Loustau M-L, Gedda B, Lundén K, Migliorini D, Oliver G, Ramos AP, Rigling D, Rybníček O, Santini A, Schneider S, Stenlid J, Tedeschini E, Aguayo J, Gomez-Gallego M (2023) Conditions of emergence of the Sooty Bark Disease and aerobiology of Cryptostroma corticale in Europe. In: Jactel H, Orazio C, Robinet C, Douma JC, Santini A, Battisti A, Branco M, Seehausen L, Kenis M (Eds) Conceptual and technical innovations to better manage invasions of alien pests and pathogens in forests. NeoBiota 84: 319-347. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.84.90549
Coefficient estimate for each variable of maple basal area computed for different radius and their 95% credible intervals in brackets for models predicting the number of spores detected per week
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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